RU2761819C1 - Application of a fertile substrate for manufacturing a granular fertiliser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the chemical industry and agriculture and can be used for processing municipal sewage sludge, manure and droppings. The fertile substrate produced by processing sewage sludge with an agent based on plant raw materials for processing sewage sludge is used for manufacturing a granular fertiliser. An agent based on plant raw materials for processing sewage sludge therein constitutes an agent produced using an agent base containing, wt.%: plant raw materials in the form of rice grain or wheat grain 8.9 to 15.2, copper (II) salts 0.1 to 0.8, alkali 1.7 to 4, water up to 100%.

EFFECT: invention increases the efficiency of sewage sludge processing and eliminates the use of a detoxicating reagent.

7 cl, 4 tbl, 14 ex

Description

[001] TECHNICAL FIELD

[002] The invention relates to the chemical industry and agriculture, and in particular to the technology of processing urban sewage sludge, manure and dung.

[003] BACKGROUND

[004] Sewage sludge (WWS), as a rule, is not limited to, are organic and mineral substances in the solid phase separated from water as a result of mechanical, biological and physicochemical treatment or a combination of these treatment methods (see, for example, Evilevich A.Z., Evilevich M.A. Utilization of sewage sludge. L .: Stroyizdat, 1988. 248 pp. (D1); D1 is thus included in the present description by reference). The main macrocomponents of sediments are inert compounds in the form of silicon oxides (up to 40% or more), aluminum (up to 10%), calcium (5% or more), iron (up to 7%), which are part of sand, clay and mineral particles ... The sediments contain organic matter (from 35% to 15%, including humic substances), fertilizer macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and trace elements (GOST R 54534-2011 Resource conservation. Sewage sludge. Requirements for use for reclamation of disturbed lands (D2); D2 is thus included in the present description by reference) Sediments of domestic wastewater are more homogeneous in composition than industrial ones. The main chemical elements of precipitation are carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur and hydrogen, as well as trace elements such as zinc and copper, and especially toxic cadmium, lead, mercury, which can reach high concentrations and pose a hazard. Also, the wastewater of city sewage treatment plants and their sediments contains a large number of microorganisms, including those dangerous to humans. In sediments, by dry weight, organic matter is 75–80%, and mineral matter is 20–25%. The characteristics of the composition of WWS stored in the sludge fields of urban treatment facilities are presented in Table 1.

[005] Table 1 - Chemical composition of sludge fields of urban wastewater treatment plants (average values for dry matter, according to Turcan MA, Arkhip OD, Rusu AP Municipal waste and methods of their disposal. Chisinau: "Shtinitsa ", 1989. 136 S. (D3); D3 is thus included in the present description by reference):

Table 1

Indicator
and unit of measure Limits of fluctuation of values The average
meaning pH aqueous 7.3-7.6 7.5 Dry matter,% 22.7-45.4 36.1 Ash content,% 49.0-55.9 52.4 Carbon,% 15.6-26.4 21.3 Total nitrogen,% 1.6-2.6 2.1 Carbon-nitrogen ratio 7-15 10 Nitrogen,
mg / kg nitrate 3.5-33.6 19.6 ammonia 34.8-2010.8 768.9 Total phosphorus,% 1.7-3.9 2.4 Mobile phosphorus, mg / 100 g 290.0-1988.8 1008.5 Total potassium,% 0.5-0.9 0.6

[006] Sediments are generated during wastewater treatment. WWS differ depending on the water purification technology and the properties of the resulting substrates. Primary sediments include coarsely dispersed impurities that are in the solid phase and separated from water by mechanical treatment methods (sedimentation, filtration, flotation, sedimentation in a centrifugal field). The particle size of these impurities is more than 10 ^-5 cm. In domestic wastewater, these sediments are a gelatinous, viscous suspension. Secondary sediments include impurities in water in the form of colloids, molecules and ions, which can be converted into a solid phase and removed from wastewater only as a result of biological (activated sludge) and physicochemical treatment (sludge, during industrial wastewater treatment) ... The size of these impurities is from 10 ^-6 to 10 ^-7 cm. Activated sludge retained by secondary sedimentation tanks after aeration tanks is a biocenosis of microorganisms and protozoa, has the property of flocculation. The structure of activated sludge is a brown flocculent mass. In terms of its mechanical composition, activated sludge refers to fine suspensions and consists of approximately 98% by weight of particles less than 1 mm in size. The condition of the sludge influences further disposal actions. This is primarily due to the achieved moisture content of the sediment and the associated moisture yield. According to a simplified, but fairly clear classification, three forms of bound water with solid particles are distinguished: free water, colloid-bound water and chemically bound water. Free water is not completely bound to solid particles and therefore most of it is removed by drying in sludge beds and mechanical dewatering. Colloidly bound, or bound water is removed from sediments with great difficulty; it envelops individual solid particles with a strong hydration shell, which prevents individual particles from joining into larger aggregates. To remove water, flocculants improving fluid loss and mechanical dehydration are used, while they are combined with measures to stabilize the state of primary, secondary sediments and activated sludge by methods of thermal drying, fermentation, and holding on sludge maps. In two-tiered sedimentation tanks, the process of sediment decomposition occurs during alkaline fermentation and reaches 50% in 1–7 months (fermented sediments). This produces methane and carbon dioxide. The structure of the sediment is dark and uniform, the color is almost black or dark gray. Such sediments are distinguished by good fluidity and are easily dewatered. In digesters, as in two-tier sedimentation tanks, the decomposition process is carried out in an alkaline medium, but proceeds more quickly due to heating of the sediments, mixing and observing the percentage of loading with raw sediments. In digesters, the decomposition of organic matter is accompanied by the release of a large amount of biogas. The advantage of the fermentation method using aerobic stabilizers is the absence of odor, less explosiveness of structures, easier operation and lower construction cost, however, aerobic stabilization is associated with additional energy consumption for aeration. Aeration of activated sludge or a mixture of sludge and sediment leads to the mineralization of organic matter by 30–40%. The remaining organic matter is practically stable. Sludge maps have also become widespread as the final stage in wastewater treatment technology. These are open areas, deepened either with sides, the bottom is made of concrete or clay, with a slight slope for water drainage. Sediments pumped into the cards with a relative humidity of 98-99% are kept on such sites from one year to several years, while losing a significant part of moisture due to evaporation and drainage, which contributes to a decrease in the volume of sewage sludge.

[007] Thus, in the search for disposal routes, one should take into account the methods of sludge treatment and their condition. Further disposal methods, transportation, and the like may depend on this.

[008] From the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2457909 (D4) known method of processing wastewater sludge includes the treatment of sludge with chemical reagents. Treated with an amino acid detoxifying reagent containing ions of copper, zinc, lead, chromium, cobalt, nickel and cadmium, the precipitates are maintained until a pH of 7.2-7.5 is reached, followed by the distribution of precipitation on sludge maps and treatment of the amino acid reagent mixed with water. bactericide, based on hydrates of hydroxoamino acid complex compounds of copper (2+) with keeping the treated sludge in time, depending on the volume of the sludge on one site and the number of dosage sites on the sludge maps, and re-processing the sludge distributed on the card with an amino acid detoxifying reagent prepared from protein-containing materials, mixed with water in a percentage of 10% detoxifying agent to 90% water and holding the precipitation for 20 days. Next, the resulting organomineral composition is composted.

[009] The disadvantages of the closest analogue known from D4 is the need for sequential use of two reagents and, as a consequence, the complexity and duration of the wastewater sludge treatment process. The technical solution known from D4 can be adopted as the closest analogue.

[0010] DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The technical problem to be solved in the implementation of the claimed invention is the creation of an easy-to-use method for treating and / or processing wastewater sludge, which does not require the use of a detoxifying agent and has an increased efficiency of wastewater sludge treatment.

[0012] The technical result achieved during the implementation of the claimed invention is to simplify the treatment and / or processing of sewage sludge, improve the environmental friendliness and safety of the process of treatment and / or processing of sewage sludge, and increase the efficiency of sewage sludge treatment. Another technical result is the realization by the invention of its intended purpose.

[0013] The technical result is achieved due to the fact that there is provided a method for producing the base of the preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular, manure and dung, which consists in the fact that: fed into a vertical reactor mixer water; stirring begins; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate; load into the reactor wheat grain; load into the reactor alkali; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased; pressurized air is fed into the reactor; stop the reaction after complete dissolution of all wheat grain and upon reaching the required pH of the solution; and throughout the reaction maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is relieved at regular intervals.

[0014] CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0015] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention described in this section are presented by non-limiting examples in relation to specific embodiments of the present invention, which in all their aspects are intended to be illustrative and non-limiting. Alternative embodiments of the present invention, without departing from the scope of its legal protection, will be obvious to those skilled in the art having ordinary skills on which this invention is designed.

[0016] Preferably, but not limited to, the claimed base of the preparation for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular manure and dung, containing taken in wt. %:

vegetable raw materials in the form of grain of rice or grain of wheat 8.9-15.2 copper (II) salts 0.1-1 alkali 1.7-4 water rest

[0017] As a result of processing the base of the preparation by the method of oxidative modification of plant raw materials, the composition of the finished preparation will include: sodium salts of polycarboxylic acids, complex organic compounds of sodium, copper, nitrogen, sulfur. In this case, for example, but not limited to, sodium salts of polycarboxylic acids are one of or a combination of: monobasic saturated carboxylic acid; monobasic unsaturated carboxylic acid. In this case, for example, but not limited to, the alkali is sodium hydroxide (NaOH). In this case, for example, without limitation, copper salts in the preparation of the drug are taken in the form of copper sulfate pentahydrate (copper sulfate). In this case, the finished preparation as a UV stabilizer may additionally contain titanium dioxide, taken in an amount (wt%) from 0.05 to 0.5 wt. %, the rest is the finished base of the drug. In this case, for example, but not limited to, to stabilize the claimed preparation, the preparation may additionally contain ammonium hydroxide, taken in an amount (wt%) from 10 to 20 wt. %, the rest is in the amount (wt.%) of the ready-made base of the preparation. It is preferable, but not limited to, titanium dioxide and ammonium hydroxide are added to the finished base of the preparation after it has been cooled to ambient temperature (which should be positive) by, for example, mixing in containers by manual and / or mechanized methods. In this case, for example, without limitation, as a result of mixing the finished base of the preparation with the mentioned additives (optionally, titanium dioxide and, optionally, ammonium hydroxide), a preparation can be obtained containing the mentioned sodium salts of polycarboxylic acids, complex organic compounds of sodium, copper, nitrogen, sulfur, titanium.

[0018] By way of example, but not limitation, the claimed base preparation is obtained by the claimed method of producing the base preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular manure and dung, comprising: water into the vertical reactor-mixer; stirring begins; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate; load into the reactor a grain of rice; load into the reactor alkali; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased; pressurized air is fed into the reactor; stop the reaction after the complete dissolution of all the grain of rice and upon reaching the required pH of the solution; and throughout the reaction maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is relieved at regular intervals.

[0019] By way of example, but not limitation, the claimed base preparation is obtained by the claimed method of producing the base preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular manure and dung, which consists in the following: water into the vertical reactor-mixer; stirring begins; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate; load into the reactor wheat grain; load into the reactor alkali; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased; pressurized air is fed into the reactor; stop the reaction after complete dissolution of all wheat grain and upon reaching the required pH of the solution; and throughout the reaction maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is relieved at regular intervals.

[0020] By way of example, but not limitation, the claimed base preparation is obtained by the claimed method of producing the base preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular manure and dung, comprising: in a vertical reactor-mixer water with a temperature of 55 to 75 degrees Celsius in an amount (wt.%) from 1/2 to 2/3 of the total capacity of the reactor; start stirring at a speed of 70 to 100 rpm; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate in an amount (wt.%) 0.1-0.8% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor a grain of rice in an amount (wt.%) 8.9-15.2% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor sodium hydroxide in an amount (wt.%) 1.7-4% of the total weight of the loaded components; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased to 150 to 170 rpm; air is fed into the reactor at a pressure of 5 to 6 atm; stop the reaction after the complete dissolution of all the grain of rice and upon reaching the pH of the solution from 12 to 12.7; and throughout the reaction maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture from 55 to 75 degrees Celsius; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is released to 4 atm every 15-30 minutes.

[0021] By way of example, but not limitation, the claimed base preparation is prepared by the claimed method for preparing the base preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular manure and dung, comprising: in a vertical reactor-mixer water with a temperature of 55 to 75 degrees Celsius in an amount (wt.%) from 1/2 to 2/3 of the total capacity of the reactor; stirring is started at a speed of 70 to 100 rpm; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate in an amount (wt.%) from 0.1 to 0.8% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor wheat grain in an amount (wt.%) 8.9-15.2% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor alkali in an amount (wt.%) from 1.7-4% of the total weight of the loaded components; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased to 150 to 170 rpm; air is fed into the reactor at a pressure of 5 to 6 atm; stop the reaction after complete dissolution of all wheat grain and upon reaching the pH of the solution from 12 to 12.7; and throughout the reaction maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture from 55 to 75 degrees Celsius; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is released to 4 atm every 15-30 minutes.

[0022] More specifically, by way of example (example 1), but not limitation, said base preparation is obtained by the claimed method for producing a base preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular manure and dung, which consists in the fact that: water is fed into the vertical reactor-mixer with a temperature of 55 degrees Celsius in an amount (wt.%) from 1/2 to 2/3 of the total capacity of the reactor; stirring is started at a speed of 100 rpm; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate in an amount (wt.%) 0.1% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor a grain of rice in an amount (wt.%) of 14.4% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor sodium hydroxide in an amount (wt.%) of 3.7% of the total weight of the loaded components; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased to 150 rpm; air is fed into the reactor under a pressure of 6 atm; stop the reaction after the complete dissolution of all the grain of rice and upon reaching the pH of the solution from 12 to 12.7; moreover, throughout the entire reaction, the temperature of the reaction mixture is maintained at 55 degrees Celsius; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is released to 4 atm every 15-30 minutes. The reaction time is approximately 6-8 hours. The resulting product is filtered to remove solid particles. In this case, the value of the viscosity of the obtained base of the preparation, measured on a VZ-246 viscometer with a 6 mm nozzle, is 5.04 s.

[0023] More specifically, by way of example (example 2), but not limitation, said base preparation is obtained by the claimed method of obtaining a base preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular manure and dung, which consists in the fact that: water is fed into the vertical reactor-mixer with a temperature of 55 degrees Celsius in an amount (wt.%) from 1/2 to 2/3 of the total capacity of the reactor; stirring is started at a speed of 100 rpm; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate in an amount (wt.%) 0.1% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor wheat grain in an amount (wt.%) of 14.4% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor sodium hydroxide in an amount (wt.%) of 3.7% of the total weight of the loaded components; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased to 150 rpm; air is fed into the reactor under a pressure of 6 atm; stop the reaction after complete dissolution of all wheat grain and upon reaching the pH of the solution from 12 to 12.7; moreover, throughout the entire reaction, the temperature of the reaction mixture is maintained at 55 degrees Celsius; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is released to 4 atm every 15-30 minutes. The reaction time is approximately 6-8 hours. The resulting product is filtered to remove solid particles. In this case, the value of the viscosity of the obtained base of the preparation, measured on a VZ-246 viscometer with a 6 mm nozzle, is 5.04 s.

[0024] More specifically, by way of example (example 3), but not limitation, the base preparation is obtained by the claimed method of preparation of the base preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular, manure and dung, comprising in that: water is fed into the vertical reactor-mixer with a temperature of 65 degrees Celsius in an amount (wt.%) from 1/2 to 2/3 of the total capacity of the reactor; stirring is started at a speed of 100 rpm; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate in an amount (wt.%) of 0.5% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor a grain of rice in an amount (wt.%) of 15.2% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor sodium hydroxide in an amount (wt.%) 4% of the total weight of the loaded components; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased to 160 rpm; air is fed into the reactor under a pressure of 6 atm; stop the reaction after the complete dissolution of all the grain of rice and upon reaching the pH of the solution from 12.3 to 12.7; moreover, throughout the entire reaction, the temperature of the reaction mixture is maintained at 65 degrees Celsius; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is released to 4 atm every 15-30 minutes. The reaction time is approximately 6-7.5 hours. The resulting product is filtered to remove solid particles. In this case, the value of the viscosity of the resulting solution, measured on a VZ-246 viscometer with a 6 mm nozzle, is 10.23 s.

[0025] More specifically, by way of example (example 4), but not limitation, the base preparation is obtained by the claimed method of obtaining the base preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular, manure and dung, comprising in that: water is fed into the vertical reactor-mixer with a temperature of 65 degrees Celsius in an amount (wt.%) from 1/2 to 2/3 of the total capacity of the reactor; stirring is started at a speed of 100 rpm; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate in an amount (wt.%) of 0.5% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor wheat grain in an amount (wt.%) of 15.2% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor sodium hydroxide in an amount (wt.%) 4% of the total weight of the loaded components; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased to 160 rpm; air is fed into the reactor under a pressure of 6 atm; stop the reaction after complete dissolution of all wheat grain and upon reaching the pH of the solution from 12.3 to 12.7; moreover, throughout the entire reaction, the temperature of the reaction mixture is maintained at 65 degrees Celsius; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is released to 4 atm every 15-30 minutes. The reaction time is approximately 6-7.5 hours. The resulting product is filtered to remove solid particles. In this case, the value of the viscosity of the resulting solution, measured on a VZ-246 viscometer with a 6 mm nozzle, is 10.23 s.

[0026] More specifically, by way of example (example 5), but not limitation, the base preparation is obtained by the claimed method of obtaining the base preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, which consists in the fact that: vertical reactor-mixing water with a temperature of 70 degrees Celsius in an amount (wt.%) from 1/2 to 2/3 of the total capacity of the reactor; stirring is started at a speed of 80 rpm; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate in an amount (wt.%) 0.8% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor a grain of rice in an amount (wt.%) of 14.4% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor sodium hydroxide in an amount (wt.%) 4% of the total weight of the loaded components; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased to 150 rpm; air is fed into the reactor under a pressure of 5 atm; stop the reaction after the complete dissolution of all the grain of rice and upon reaching the pH of the solution from 12.2 to 12.7; moreover, throughout the entire reaction, the temperature of the reaction mixture is maintained at 75 degrees Celsius; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is released to 4 atm every 15 to 30 minutes. The reaction time is approximately 6-7 hours. The resulting product is filtered to remove solid particles. In this case, the value of the viscosity of the resulting solution, measured on a VZ-246 viscometer with a 6 mm nozzle, is 7.04 s.

[0027] More specifically, by way of example (example 6), but not limitation, the base preparation is obtained by the claimed method of obtaining the base preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, which consists in the following: vertical reactor-mixing water with a temperature of 70 degrees Celsius in an amount (wt.%) from 1/2 to 2/3 of the total capacity of the reactor; stirring is started at a speed of 80 rpm; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate in an amount (wt.%) 0.8% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor wheat grain in an amount (wt.%) of 14.4% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor sodium hydroxide in an amount (wt.%) 4% of the total weight of the loaded components; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased to 150 rpm; air is fed into the reactor under a pressure of 5 atm; stop the reaction after complete dissolution of all wheat grain and upon reaching the pH of the solution from 12.2 to 12.7; moreover, throughout the entire reaction, the temperature of the reaction mixture is maintained at 75 degrees Celsius; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is released to 4 atm every 15 to 30 minutes. The reaction time is approximately 6-7 hours. The resulting product is filtered to remove solid particles. In this case, the value of the viscosity of the resulting solution, measured on a VZ-246 viscometer with a 6 mm nozzle, is 7.04 s.

[0028] More specifically, as another example (example 7), but not limitation, the base preparation is obtained by the claimed method of obtaining the base preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular, manure and dung, which consists in the fact that: water is fed into the vertical reactor-mixer with a temperature of 55 degrees Celsius in an amount (wt.%) from 1/2 to 2/3 of the total capacity of the reactor; stirring is started at a speed of 90 rpm; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate in an amount (wt.%) of 0.64% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor wheat grain in an amount (wt.%) of 14.4% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor sodium hydroxide in an amount (wt.%) 4% of the total weight of the loaded components; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased to 170 rpm; air is fed into the reactor under a pressure of 6 atm; stop the reaction after complete dissolution of all wheat grain and upon reaching the pH of the solution from 12 to 12.7; and throughout the reaction maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture from 55 degrees Celsius; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is released to 4 atm every 15-30 minutes. The reaction time is approximately 6-7 hours. The resulting product is filtered to remove solid particles. In this case, the value of the viscosity of the resulting solution, measured on a VZ-246 viscometer with a 6 mm nozzle, is 13.50 s.

[0029] More specifically, as another example (example 8), but not limitation, the base preparation is obtained by the claimed method of obtaining the base preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular, manure and dung, which consists in the fact that: water is fed into the vertical reactor-mixer with a temperature of 55 degrees Celsius in an amount (wt.%) from 1/2 to 2/3 of the total capacity of the reactor; stirring is started at a speed of 90 rpm; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate in an amount (wt.%) of 0.64% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor a grain of rice in an amount (wt.%) of 14.4% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor sodium hydroxide in an amount (wt.%) 4% of the total weight of the loaded components; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased to 170 rpm; air is fed into the reactor under a pressure of 6 atm; stop the reaction after the complete dissolution of all the grain of rice and upon reaching the pH of the solution from 12 to 12.7; and throughout the reaction maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture from 55 degrees Celsius; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is released to 4 atm every 15-30 minutes. The reaction time is approximately 6-7 hours. The resulting product is filtered to remove solid particles. In this case, the value of the viscosity of the resulting solution, measured on a VZ-246 viscometer with a 6 mm nozzle, is 13.50 s.

[0030] More specifically, as another example (example 9), but not limitation, the base preparation is obtained by the claimed method of obtaining the base preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular, manure and dung, which consists in the fact that: water is fed into the vertical reactor-mixer with a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius in an amount (wt.%) from 1/2 to 2/3 of the total capacity of the reactor; stirring is started at a speed of 70 rpm; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate in an amount (wt.%) 0.72% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor wheat grain in an amount (wt.%) of 12.8% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor sodium hydroxide in an amount (wt.%) 4% of the total weight of the loaded components; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased to 170 rpm; air is fed into the reactor under a pressure of 6 atm; stop the reaction after complete dissolution of all wheat grain and upon reaching the pH of the solution from 12 to 12.5; and throughout the entire reaction maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture from 60 degrees Celsius; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is released to 4 atm every 15-30 minutes. The reaction time is approximately 6-7 hours. The resulting product is filtered to remove solid particles. In this case, the value of the viscosity of the resulting solution, measured on a VZ-246 viscometer with a 6 mm nozzle, is 9.30 s.

[0031] More specifically, as another example (example 10), but not limitation, the base preparation is obtained by the claimed method of obtaining the base preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular, manure and dung, which consists in the fact that: water is fed into the vertical reactor-mixer with a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius in an amount (wt.%) from 1/2 to 2/3 of the total capacity of the reactor; stirring is started at a speed of 70 rpm; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate in an amount (wt.%) 0.72% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor a grain of rice in an amount (wt.%) of 12.8% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor sodium hydroxide in an amount (wt.%) 4% of the total weight of the loaded components; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased to 170 rpm; air is fed into the reactor under a pressure of 6 atm; stop the reaction after the complete dissolution of all the grain of rice and upon reaching the pH of the solution from 12 to 12.5; and throughout the entire reaction maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture from 60 degrees Celsius; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is released to 4 atm every 15-30 minutes. The reaction time is approximately 6-7 hours. The resulting product is filtered to remove solid particles. In this case, the value of the viscosity of the resulting solution, measured on a VZ-246 viscometer with a 6 mm nozzle, is 9.30 s.

[0032] More specifically, as another example (example 11), but not limitation, the base preparation is obtained by the claimed method of obtaining the base preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular, manure and dung, which consists in the fact that: water with a temperature of 75 degrees Celsius is fed into the vertical reactor-mixer in an amount (wt%) from 1/2 to 2/3 of the total capacity of the reactor; stirring is started at a speed of 70 rpm; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate in an amount (wt.%) of 0.64% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor wheat grain in an amount (wt.%) of 15.2% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor sodium hydroxide in an amount (wt.%) 4% of the total weight of the loaded components; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased to 170 rpm; air is fed into the reactor under a pressure of 5 atm; stop the reaction after complete dissolution of all wheat grain and upon reaching the pH of the solution from 12.3 to 12.7; and throughout the entire reaction maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture from 75 degrees Celsius; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is released to 4 atm every 15-30 minutes. The reaction time is approximately 6-7 hours. The resulting product is filtered to remove solid particles. In this case, the value of the viscosity of the resulting solution, measured on a VZ-246 viscometer with a 6 mm nozzle, is 17.42 s.

[0033] More specifically, as another example (example 12), but not limitation, the base preparation is obtained by the claimed method of obtaining the base preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular, manure and dung, which consists in the fact that: water with a temperature of 75 degrees Celsius is fed into the vertical reactor-mixer in an amount (wt%) from 1/2 to 2/3 of the total capacity of the reactor; stirring is started at a speed of 70 rpm; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate in an amount (wt.%) of 0.64% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor a grain of rice in an amount (wt.%) of 15.2% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor sodium hydroxide in an amount (wt.%) 4% of the total weight of the loaded components; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased to 170 rpm; air is fed into the reactor under a pressure of 5 atm; stop the reaction after the complete dissolution of all the grain of rice and upon reaching the pH of the solution from 12.3 to 12.7; and throughout the entire reaction maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture from 75 degrees Celsius; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is released to 4 atm every 15-30 minutes. The reaction time is approximately 6-7 hours. The resulting product is filtered to remove solid particles. In this case, the value of the viscosity of the resulting solution, measured on a VZ-246 viscometer with a 6 mm nozzle, is 17.42 s.

[0034] More specifically, as another example (example 13), but not limitation, the base preparation is obtained by the claimed method of obtaining the base preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular, manure and dung, which consists in the fact that: water with a temperature of 75 degrees Celsius is fed into the vertical reactor-mixer in an amount (wt%) from 1/2 to 2/3 of the total capacity of the reactor; stirring is started at a speed of 70 rpm; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate in an amount (wt.%) 0.1% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor a grain of rice in an amount (wt.%) of 8.9% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor sodium hydroxide in an amount (wt.%) 1.7% of the total weight of the loaded components; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased to 170 rpm; air is fed into the reactor under a pressure of 5 atm; stop the reaction after the complete dissolution of all the grain of rice and upon reaching the pH of the solution from 12.3 to 12.5; and throughout the entire reaction maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture from 75 degrees Celsius; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is released to 4 atm every 15-30 minutes. The reaction time is approximately 6-6.5 hours. The resulting product is filtered to remove solid particles. In this case, the value of the viscosity of the resulting solution, measured on a VZ-246 viscometer with a 6 mm nozzle, is 9.20 s.

[0035] More specifically, as another example (example 14), but not limitation, the base preparation is obtained by the claimed method of obtaining the base preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular, manure and dung, which consists in the fact that: water with a temperature of 75 degrees Celsius is fed into the vertical reactor-mixer in an amount (wt%) from 1/2 to 2/3 of the total capacity of the reactor; stirring is started at a speed of 70 rpm; load into the reactor pentahydrate copper sulfate in an amount (wt.%) 0.1% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor wheat grain in an amount (wt.%) of 8.9% of the total weight of the loaded components; load into the reactor sodium hydroxide in an amount (wt.%) 1.7% of the total weight of the loaded components; the reactor is sealed and the stirring speed is increased to 170 rpm; air is fed into the reactor under a pressure of 5 atm; stop the reaction after complete dissolution of all wheat grain and upon reaching the pH of the solution from 12.3 to 12.5; and throughout the entire reaction maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture from 75 degrees Celsius; moreover, after supplying air to the reactor, the pressure inside the reactor is released to 4 atm every 15-30 minutes. The reaction time is approximately 6-6.5 hours. The resulting product is filtered to remove solid particles. In this case, the value of the viscosity of the resulting solution, measured on a VZ-246 viscometer with a 6 mm nozzle, is 9.50 s.

[0036] In this case, the mentioned vertical reactor-mixer is, for example, but not limited to, a reactor-mixer for carrying out processes in heterogeneous media, such as, for example, but not limited to, known from the prior art and described in patent RU 178404 U1 (patent RU 178404 U1 is included in the present description by reference) or the like reactor-mixer, which is not further described in detail. In this case, the above-mentioned maintenance of the temperature of the reaction mixture is carried out, not limited, by using a thermostatically controlled jacket of the reactor, or by means of electric heating clamps. In this case, the aforementioned supply of air to the reactor under pressure is carried out by means of a compressor. In this case, filtration is carried out using a standard filter with a mesh size of 0.5 to 1 mm.

[0037] When using the above methods, the oxidative modification of the components of plant raw materials is provided, with the formation of water-soluble compounds - products of starch destruction, with the formation of peptide compounds, which are a combination of sodium salts of polycarboxylic acids. In this case, as an example, but not limitation, obtained in accordance with examples 1-14, the bases of preparations after cooling to ambient temperature are ready-made bases of preparations and can be used to obtain a modification of the preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular manure and manure, by adding to the finished base of the drug after cooling it to ambient temperature by, for example, mixing titanium dioxide in containers by manual and / or mechanized methods in an amount (wt%) from 0.05- 0.5 and, optionally, ammonium hydroxide in an amount (wt.%) From 10 to 20, the rest is the finished preparation base obtained in accordance with those described previously with reference to examples 1-14 and described in paragraphs [0018] - [0021 ] generalized examples of methods for preparing the base of the drug. For example, not limited to 89.95 wt. % of the base of the drug accounts for 0.05 wt. % titanium dioxide and 10 wt. % ammonium hydroxide. In this case, for example, without limitation, as a result of mixing the finished base of the preparation with the mentioned additives (ammonium hydroxide and / or titanium dioxide), the said preparation can be obtained containing the mentioned sodium salts of polycarboxylic acids, complex organic compounds of sodium, copper, nitrogen, sulfur, titanium and, optionally, a preservative in the form of ammonium hydroxide.

[0038] One of the objects that requires the use of means of disinfection is sewage sludge from municipal wastewater. One of the options for disinfection is the use of reagents and preparations, including ammonia water, quicklime, tiazone and others. At the same time, there is a known method described in patent RU 2094988 C1 (included in the present description by reference), which describes an invention broadly related to bactericides and fungicides and, more specifically, to a bactericide-fungicide containing a copper complex and partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid. The drug is designed to protect plants from various types of bacterial and fungal infections, as well as to treat objects that need to be disinfected, including concrete, soil, and the like. The technical solution proposed in this application is produced using a different technology, contains a spectrum of polycarboxylic acids, as well as compounds of copper, nitrogen, sulfur, has an alkaline medium, has a bactericidal and fungicidal effect. In connection with the relevance of disinfection and neutralization of sewage sludge, the effect of the drug on sanitary-indicative microorganisms and helminth eggs was assessed. It is known (SanPiN 2.1.7.573-96 Hygienic Requirements for the Use of Wastewater and Their Sediments for Irrigation and Fertilization (D5); D5 is thus included in this description by reference) sediment), ammonia water (in an amount of 5-8% by weight of the sediment and aging for at least 5-10 days) and thiazone. The disadvantage of using quicklime is that large volumes of lime are required - up to 30% to the volume of the processed sludge, thorough and uniform mixing to achieve the result. For processing with ammonia water in an amount of 5-8% by weight of the sediment and holding for at least 5-10 days, sealed equipment is required - containers, while the cyclic process is limited by the volume of containers and, accordingly, the volume of disinfected sediments is limited. Tiazone at a dose of 0.2-2.0% to the total mass of sediment and exposure for 3-10 days has a detrimental effect not only on helminth eggs, but also on pathogenic microflora, eggs and larvae of flies, cysts of intestinal pathogenic protozoa, mold, phytonematodes and seeds weeds. Tiazon is toxic to warm-blooded aquatic organisms, has a high phytocidal activity. Requires thorough mixing with the processed sludge. At a low temperature and humidity, the period of destruction and weathering increases to 25 days or more, at this time its properties and action are preserved. The presence of a residual effect requires precise dosage in order to avoid the destruction of the activated sludge. To determine the effect on microorganisms and helminth eggs according to standard methods (for example, MR FC / 4022-04 and MUK 4.2.2661-10, which are included in this document by reference), used by the sanitary-epidemiological service, samples of WWS were prepared with treatment with drugs prepared from the bases of the preparations described with reference to examples 1-12. Samples of WWS with a BGKP index of 10,000 CFU / g and helminth eggs - ascaris, weighing 1 kg were treated with the above preparations at a rate of 15 ml / kg. One preparation was used in concentrated form, others contained a preservative in the form of ammonium hydroxide and / or titanium dioxide, taken in the amounts indicated in Table 2. Each preparation was applied in duplicate for submission for analysis after exposure after one week and two. Ascaris eggs were not found in WWS samples treated with preparations after exposure for five days, while the BGKP index was 1000 CFU / g, 100 times less than the initial sewage sludge. Comparison of the results of treatment of sewage sludge with preparations and quicklime with exposure for 14 days is carried out. The comparison results are shown in table 2:

table 2

Sample Indicators, 14 days BGKP index, CFU / g Helminth eggs pH aqueous Organic matter content,% Initial sewage sludge 10000 Ascaris eggs 7.40 ± 0.05 47 ± 0.5 Sewage sludge treated with the drug one hundred absence 7.45 ± 0.05 47 ± 0.5 Sewage sludge treated with a preparation based on the preparation according to examples 3, 4 with titanium dioxide, taken in an amount (wt%) of 0.05% one hundred absence 7.45 ± 0.05 47 ± 0.5 Sewage sludge treated with a preparation based on the preparation according to examples 6, 10 with titanium dioxide, taken in an amount (wt%) of 0.25% one hundred absence 7.45 ± 0.05 47 ± 0.5 Sewage sludge treated with a preparation based on the preparation according to examples 13, 14 with titanium dioxide, taken in an amount (wt%) of 0.5% one hundred absence 7.45 ± 0.05 47 ± 0.5 Sewage sludge treated with a preparation based on the preparation according to examples 5, 7 with ammonium hydroxide, taken in an amount (wt%) of 10% one hundred absence 7.55 ± 0.05 47 ± 0.5 Sewage sludge treated with a preparation based on the preparation according to examples 7, 12 with ammonium hydroxide, taken in an amount (wt%) of 15% one hundred absence 7.64 ± 0.05 47 ± 0.5 Sewage sludge treated with a preparation based on the preparation according to examples 11, 12 with ammonium hydroxide, taken in an amount (wt%) of 20% one hundred absence 7.81 ± 0.05 47 ± 0.5 Sewage sludge treated with a preparation based on the preparation according to examples 1, 2 with ammonium hydroxide, taken in an amount (wt%) of 15%, and with titanium dioxide, taken in an amount (wt%) 0.25% one hundred absence 7.63 ± 0.05 47 ± 0.5 Sewage sludge treated with a preparation based on the preparation according to examples 8, 9 with ammonium hydroxide, taken in an amount (wt.%) Of 10%, and with titanium dioxide, taken in an amount (wt.%) 0.15% one hundred absence 7.54 ± 0.05 47 ± 0.5 Sewage sludge treated with a preparation based on the preparation according to examples 4, 5 with ammonium hydroxide taken in an amount (wt%) 20% and with titanium dioxide taken in an amount (wt%) 0.5% one hundred absence 7.83 ± 0.05 47 ± 0.5 Sewage sludge treated with a preparation based on the preparation according to examples 3, 11 with ammonium hydroxide taken in an amount (wt%) of 20% and with titanium dioxide taken in an amount (wt%) 0.05% one hundred absence 7.80 ± 0.05 47 ± 0.5 Sewage sludge treated with quicklime (10%) 1000 absence 9.2 34

[0039] The preparations affected only the indicators of the BGKP index, CFU / g and ascaris eggs, while the content of organic matter did not change, the pH value was close to the initial one, while when mixed with quicklime, the pH value changed towards alkalization, and the content organic matter decreased significantly. The use of these preparations is possible by the method of irrigation from the surface, which leads to the death of helminth eggs and sanitary indicative microorganisms. In this case, in the general case, the drug is a product of the oxidative modification of plant raw materials, therefore, after its application and reaction, the active substances are neutralized, including the neutralization of the alkaline reaction to a level close to the pH of the original sediment, which contributes to the involvement of its constituent components in the biological and geochemical circulation.

[0040] Thus, preferably, but not limited to, the claimed use as the basis of the preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste, in particular manure and dung, the basis of the preparation containing taken in wt. %:

vegetable raw materials in the form of grain of rice or grain of wheat 8.9-15.2 copper (II) salts 0.1-0.8 alkali 1.7-4 water rest

[0041] Thus, the preparation can be used to destroy helminth eggs, destroy pathogenic microflora, reduce the number of sanitary-indicative microorganisms, disinfect organogenic and mineral waste and hygienize substrates for their further safe storage and use.

[0042] Preferably, but not limited to, the claimed use for the preparation of a preparation for the treatment of sewage sludge and / or agricultural waste of a plant material selected from a grain of rice or a grain of wheat.

[0043] Preferably, but not limited to, the claimed method for treating sewage sludge or agricultural waste, in particular manure, droppings, with a plant-based preparation for treating sewage sludge, in which sewage sludge is treated with a preparation obtained using a preparation base containing taken in wt. %:

vegetable raw materials in the form of grain of rice or grain of wheat 8.9-15.2 copper (II) salts 0.1-0.8 alkali 1.7-4 water rest

[0044] The above method for treating sewage sludge, by way of example and not limitation, is implemented as follows. For example, but not limited to, the drug is introduced into the sludge stream prior to the addition of the flocculant and the removal of water, the said drug. For example, but not limited to, irrigate sewage sludge on a sludge card with the said preparation when the water content is higher than 85%. The dose of the drug in this case is about 22.5 liters per 100 m ³ . For example, without limitation, irrigate with the mentioned preparation, diluted with water 5-7 times, sewage sludge on the sludge card with a water content of 70 to 85% in an amount of 22.5 to 45 liters of the preparation per 100 m ³ . When filling the sludge card in a volume of 2000 m ³ and with a water content of 86%, the dose of the drug is 420 liters, diluted five times to 2100 liters, and irrigation of the surface of the sludge card is carried out, for example, without being limited, by means of a hose from dilution tanks (eurocubes ) using a pump. After two weeks, the surface of the sludge (sewage sludge) in the map becomes brownish, there is no fecal odor, the indicators of sanitary-indicative microorganisms are reduced by 10 or more times, there are no viable helminth eggs. For example, but not limited to, the sludge liquid is treated with the aforementioned preparation in the sludge compactor before pumping the sludge liquid to the sludge card for dewatering in an amount of 2 liters per 100 m ³ . In the absence of drainage, sludge stratification into three phases occurs - into settled sediment, liquid, and most of the sludge in the upper layer, while there is no fecal odor, the indicators of sanitary-indicative microorganisms are reduced by 10 or more times, there are no helminth eggs. A person skilled in the art, having ordinary knowledge on which the present invention is designed, should be obvious that the dosage of the drug can be adjusted according to the results of production tests for specific treatment plants.

[0045] Similarly, agricultural waste is treated - manure, dung. The treatment of litterless manure is aimed at odor reduction and disinfection and further requires drying, naturally or thermal drying, including granulation. In this case, the treatment of bedding manure is carried out to reduce odor and for disinfection, followed by use as organic fertilizer or composting. Composting methods, including the use of fermenters, bioreactors can be any, since the technology is known from the prior art (for example: Applied eco-biotechnology: a tutorial: in 2 volumes. Vol. 1 / AE Kuznetsov [et al.]. - M .: BINOM. Laboratory of Knowledge, 2010. - 629 pp. (D6); D6 is thus included in this description by reference), as well as the use of manure, droppings and composts based on them, is a generally recognized way to increase soil fertility. At the same time, the most common type of agricultural waste is manure and dung from various animals, which have a long history of use as fertilizer. The composition of manure largely depends on the quantity and quality of litter. Manure prepared on peat bedding is much richer in nitrogen than manure obtained using straw bedding (for example: Vasiliev V.A., Filippova N.V. Handbook on organic fertilizers. M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1984. (D10); D10 so is hereby incorporated by reference). The composition of pork and horse manure differs from cattle manure, which mainly consumes rough and succulent fodder, by a higher content of nitrogen and phosphorus. Depending on the stage of decomposition, manure prepared on a straw bed is divided into fresh, semi-rotted, rotted and humus. Fresh manure is a slightly decomposed mass in which the straw slightly changes color and strength. Straw in semi-rotten manure becomes dark brown, loses strength and easily breaks; at this stage of decomposition, manure loses 10-30% of the original mass and the same amount of organic matter. Overripe manure is a homogeneous mass, the straw decomposes so much that individual straws cannot be found; when brought to such a degree of decomposition, the decrease in the mass of manure and the loss of dry organic matter reach 50%. Humus is a loose dark mass; at this stage of decomposition, manure loses up to 75% of its mass and dry organic matter. It is not recommended to bring manure to a rotted or humus state. With long-term storage of manure, the content of organic matter decreases 2-3 times, while a significant amount of nitrogen is lost. The main indicators of litterless and fresh manure according to most literary sources have a significant similarity in terms of carbon and nitrogen content. At the same time, other indicators can be very different, which is due to the difference in feed and living conditions of animals. The main quality influencing when used as a component for composting is a narrow range of C: N ratio - from 5 to 9. Average content of organic matter in manure and manure: cattle manure - 83.8%; pork manure - 86.4%; chicken droppings - 77.7% (for example, D6; for example: Nikolsky K.S., Sachkov A.N. (D11); D11 is thus incorporated into this description by reference). The directions of processing and methods of using agricultural organic waste, in particular various types of manure, droppings, have been studied in detail and substantiated in the literature, reference books, textbooks, and the like (for example: To determine the effect of the drug, samples of litter (on straw) cow manure with a moisture content of 71%, an organic matter content by dry weight of 82%, total nitrogen by dry weight of 0.52% were carried out. Manure treatment was carried out at the rate of 15 ml of the preparation per kilogram of dry matter. Samples were taken and inoculated onto the medium to detect the abundance of heterotrophic microorganisms. Determined the number of colony-forming units (CFU / ml sample). We used a standard TSB nutrient medium (Difco, USA); the composition of the medium (g / l): bacterial tryptone - 17, soy extract - 3, dextrose - 2.5, NaCl - 5. Before use, the medium was diluted in a 1: 2 ratio with the addition of 1.5% bactoagar (Difco, USA). The sowing of the suspension was carried out by the surface method. On the surface of the agar medium, 1 drop of inoculum from the appropriate dilution was applied with a pipette and distributed over the surface with a sterile spatula. Sowing was carried out in triplicate for each dilution. Incubation of plates was carried out at 20 ^{° C} for 1 week. It was found that the content of colony-forming units in the control sample of manure was 2.8x10 ⁸ CFU / gram, and in the treated sample - 1.6x10 ⁵ CFU / gram. Thus, the drug significantly reduces the number of microorganisms detected on this medium and is suitable for the treatment of manure and droppings in order to disinfect it in the presence of pathogenic microflora. All other things being equal, after exposure in an open plastic container with drainage holes at room temperature in a ventilated room after 21 days, the humidity in the untreated and treated samples decreased to 64 and 61%, respectively, the ammonium nitrogen content in the treated manure remained close to the original (1302 mg / kg) and amounted to 1215 mg / kg, untreated under the same conditions decreased to 928 mg / kg. Thus, the drug improves the dehydration (drying) process and at the same time prevents nitrogen losses (table 3).

Table 3

Indicator Sample Source manure Initial manure (21 days) Drug-treated manure (21 days) Humidity, % 71 65 61 Ammonium nitrogen, mg / kg dry weight 1302 928 1215

[0046] In this case, the WWS treated by the above methods after the water runoff is a pasty or lumpy mass consisting of mineral substances (aluminosilicates, macro- and microelements) and organic substances containing polycarboxylic acids and complex copper compounds. For example, but not limited to, treated by the aforementioned methods, WWS in the form of said pasty or lumpy mass is a fertile substrate. Thus, preferably, but not limited to, the claimed fertile substrate obtained by treating sewage sludge to obtain a lumpy mass with a preparation based on plant raw materials for treating sewage sludge, in which sewage sludge is treated with a preparation obtained using a preparation base containing in wt ... %:

vegetable raw materials in the form of grain of rice or grain of wheat 8.9-15.2 copper (II) salts 0.1-0.8 alkali 1.7-4 water rest

[0047] At the same time, without limitation, the fertile substrate contains: inert compounds in the form of sand, clay and mineral particles in an amount of about 42% on dry matter, organic substances in an amount of about 46% on dry matter, fertilizing (nutritious) macronutrients (nitrogen , phosphorus, potassium) and trace elements, in terms of dry matter: total nitrogen in an amount of 0.72%, total phosphorus in terms of P ₂ O ₅ in an amount of 0.93%, total potassium in terms of K ₂ O in the amount of 0.28%; and having an aqueous pH of 7.2 (saline pH6.6).

[0048] With indicators of physical and chemical characteristics that meet the requirements for microbiological, parasitological, microelement compositions for use in agriculture, a fertile substrate can be used in other areas, including landscaping, afforestation, technical and biological reclamation of disturbed lands. The introduction of a fertile substrate into polluted, disturbed and depleted soils reduces the concentration of pollutants, improves the mechanical and aggregate composition, enriches it with organic and humic substances, stimulates self-purification processes, improves the water-retaining properties of soils and contributes to the restoration of soil cover and fertility.

[0049] If the physical and chemical characteristics do not meet the requirements for use in agriculture, the composition of the fertile substrate is adjusted using organic fillers, such as, for example, but not limited to, peat and / or mineral fillers (sand, loam, and the like) to obtain soil meeting regulatory requirements. Thus, humidity, organic matter content, reaction of the medium (pH) and others are corrected. For example, with a substrate moisture content of 73% and an aqueous pH of 7.4, sand, loam is used in an amount of 25% by volume or at the rate of 25 m ³ per 100 m ^{3 of a} fertile substrate, while mixing is carried out, for example, using a tractor with a bucket, loader with bucket, screw mixer. At the same time, the humidity decreases to 44%, the amount of organic matter decreases to 21%. To obtain soil soils, fertile substrates with an excess of indicators for heavy metals can also be used, but mixing with organic (peat) and mineral (sand, loam, etc.) fillers that ensure the achievement of standard indicators and do not worsen the agrochemical properties of the soil can be used. For example, without limitation, sand, loam is used in the amount of 25% by volume or at the rate of 25 m ³ per 100 m ^{3 of} fertile substrate, mixing is carried out, for example, using a tractor with a bucket, a loader with a bucket, a screw mixer. In this case, the amount of organic matter decreases to 18-21%. Concentrations of macro- and microelements decrease 1.5-1.7 times. For example, with a salt pH of a fertile substrate of 8.3 and a moisture content of 82%, sour peat with a salt pH of 5.7 in an amount of 7% by volume per 100 m ^{3 of a} fertile substrate is used, mixing is carried out, for example, using a tractor with a bucket, a loader with bucket, screw mixer. In this case, the pH decreases to 7.6, the content of organic matter on dry matter increases from 41% to 55%.

[0050] When using the claimed fertile substrate for the technical reclamation of disturbed lands, the necessary characteristics, such as dry matter content, an indicator of the activity of hydrogen ions of a salt suspension and others, can also be achieved by mixing sediments with sand, soil formed during excavation work, waste mining and processing industry, ash and slag and other inert inorganic waste. For example, but not limited to, overburden of sand (37%) and clay (59%) having a saline pH of 4.8, for example, is mixed with a tractor with a bucket, a loader with a bucket, auger mixer, with a fertile substrate with mass fraction of dry matter 28% and a saline pH of 6.7, in a ratio of 1 to 1. This increases the mass fraction of dry matter to 48%, provides a saline pH of 5.8, which makes it possible to use the resulting soil for technical reclamation. When used as soil, the required performance can be achieved by mixing with sand from sand traps, construction sand, soil formed during excavation work, not contaminated with hazardous substances and other materials.

[0051] Preferably, but not limited to, the claimed method for producing a fertile substrate, which consists in treating sewage sludge to obtain a lumpy mass with a preparation based on plant raw materials for treating sewage sludge, in which sewage sludge is treated with a preparation obtained using a preparation base containing wt. %:

vegetable raw materials in the form of grain of rice or grain of wheat 8.9-15.2 copper (II) salts 0.1-0.8 alkali 1.7-4 water rest

[0052] Preferably, but not limited to, the claimed use for obtaining a fertile substrate of a preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge obtained using a base preparation containing in wt. %:

vegetable raw materials in the form of grain of rice or grain of wheat 8.9-15.2 copper (II) salts 0.1-0.8 alkali 1.7-4 water rest

[0053] In this case, for example, but not limited to, the drug at the first stage, destroying helminth eggs and suppressing pathogenic microflora, does not lead to sterilization of the fertile substrate and, accordingly, does not interfere with the further development of microflora during composting. When using the aforementioned fertile substrate for composting, preferably, but not limited to, cellulose-containing filler — foliage, sawdust, wood chips, paper waste, peat and the like — is added to the fertile substrate. These fillers are a source of carbon and also help to redistribute moisture and create a porous structure for an aerobic composting process. The ratio of the components is determined from the carbon-nitrogen ratio until the ratio of the carbon-nitrogen ratio C: N is 30: 1. Preferred conditions are positive air temperatures when composting in an open area. At the same time, composting is possible at negative air temperatures - in fermenters or covered rooms at negative air temperatures. In this case, the production of compost is possible, for example, but not limited to, by mixing the aforementioned fertile substrate with cellulose-containing filler or peat in the following ratio: 1 part of fertile substrate and 0.5-2 parts of cellulose-containing filler or peat. Mixing is carried out using standard equipment that allows mixing, for example, using a tractor with a bucket, a loader with a bucket. In this case, the production of compost is possible, for example, but not limited to, by pretreating the claimed preparation of cellulose-containing waste and keeping them for 14 days to improve their moisture content and ensure initial fermentation, followed by mixing with the above-mentioned fertile substrate in the following ratio: 1 part of a fertile substrate and 0.5 parts of cellulose-containing filler - peat. Mixing is carried out on a specially equipped platform that prevents leachate from entering the soil, surface and underground waters, using serial equipment that allows mixing, for example, using a tractor with a bucket, a loader with a bucket. For example, the mixture obtained in this way is formed into a pile with a base width of 4 m, a height of 2 meters, and a length of 10-15 meters. It is kept for 21 days, after which a hole is made in the pile with a handy tool (crowbar, shovel), a thermometer is installed and the temperature of the mixture in the upper part of the substrate is measured at a depth of 30 cm. After reaching a temperature of + 60 ° C, the mixture is mixed by repacking, for example, using a tractor with a bucket, a loader with a bucket. Then, after 14 days, the temperature is measured, after reaching a temperature of + 50 ° C, the mixture is mixed by repacking, for example, using a tractor with a bucket , a loader with a bucket. After 60 - 75 days, depending on the ambient temperature, the compost is ready. In the event that a corresponding rise in temperature does not occur, there can be two reasons - a lack of oxygen in the air for the biothermal process, or an excess of cellulose-containing filler and a lack of nitrogen. To improve aeration, stirring is carried out every 14 days, or the proportion of filler is reduced by adding a fertile substrate. Other methods of composting are possible, including the use of fermenters, bioreactors, since the technology is known and described in detail (for example, as described in D6. Thus, preferably, but not limited to, the use of a fertile substrate obtained by processing sewage sludge with a preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge, and the said preparation is a preparation obtained using the base of the preparation containing in wt%:

vegetable raw materials in the form of grain of rice or grain of wheat 8.9-15.2 copper (II) salts 0.1-0.8 alkali 1.7-4 water rest

[0054] Preferably, but not limited to, a compost obtained using a fertile substrate obtained by treating sewage sludge with a plant-based preparation for treating sewage sludge is also claimed, said preparation being a preparation obtained using a preparation base containing wt. %:

vegetable raw materials in the form of grain of rice or grain of wheat 8.9-15.2 copper (II) salts 0.1-0.8 alkali 1.7-4 water rest

[0055] As a rule, composts from sewage sludge of various storage periods are characterized by a high fertilizing value, with a dry matter content of 48–52% organic matter, 2–2.1% total nitrogen, 5.3–5.5% phosphorus ( P ₂ O ₅ ), 0.2% potassium (K ₂ O) at pH 7.2-7.4. (see, for example, Myrzlaya G.E., Afanasyev R.A., Veselov V.M., AGROECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS BASED ON WASTE WATER SEDIMENTS (D7); D7 is thus included in this description by reference). For example, compost was obtained from a fertile substrate with a moisture content of 73% with an organic matter content of 46%, a content in terms of dry matter of total nitrogen 0.72%, total phosphorus in terms of P ₂ O ₅ 0.93%, total potassium in terms of K ₂ O 0, 28%, having an aqueous pH of 7.2 (salt pH 6.6). The compost obtained using peat has an aqueous pH of 6.9, a dry matter content of 58% organic matter, 1.2% total nitrogen, 1.4% phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ), 0.19% potassium (K ₂ O). The compost obtained in a mixture with wood chips is characterized by an aqueous pH of 7.3, a dry matter content of 61% of organic matter, 1.1% of total nitrogen, 1.2% of phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ), 0.17% of potassium ( K ₂ O). It is generally accepted that composts are effective when used to improve soil fertility, which is reflected in a large number of publications, for example, as indicated in the publication of R.A. Afanasyev, G.E. Merzloy. "Preparation and use of sewage sludge as fertilizer." Water supply and sanitary engineering, 2003, No. 1. P.25-29. (D8); publications by E.P. Pakhnenko. "Sewage sludge and other unconventional organic fertilizers: textbook" / EP. Pakhnenko. - L .: BINOM. Knowledge Lab 2007 (D9) (D8 and D9 are hereby incorporated by reference).

[0056] At the same time, but not limited to, granular fertilizer obtained after treatment with the claimed SSV preparation and obtaining a fertile substrate can be provided. The above fertile substrate can be processed by thermal drying using drum vacuum filters, centrifuges, followed by thermal drying and simultaneous granulation, which makes it possible to obtain a product in the form of granules. For drying, drum dryers, fluidized bed dryers, spray dryers can be used. Flue gases, superheated steam or hot air are used as a drying agent. It is optimal to use flue gases at a temperature of 500-800 ° C.

The resulting product does not decay, is convenient for transportation, storage and introduction into the soil, contains nitrogen, phosphorus, trace elements. The maximum amount of original organic matter is retained. For example, a granular fertilizer was obtained from a fertile substrate, thermally dried under model conditions, for example, in a ShS-80-01 SPU drying cabinet at a temperature of +200 ° C for 10 hours with aeration and stirring every 30 minutes. The characteristics of the fertile substrate and granular fertilizer are shown in Table 4.

Table 4

Defined
indicators Unit
measured. Samples Fertile substrate Granular fertilizer (fertile substrate after drying) pH of water. units pH 7.2 7.1 pH sal. units pH 6.6 6,7 Moisture contents % 73 21 Organic matter % 46.1 45.5 Total nitrogen % 0.72 0.59 total phosphorus in terms of P ₂ O ₅ % 0.93 0.91 Total potassium in terms of K ₂ O % 0.28 0.29

[0057] Preferably, this produces non-dusting granules, which can be transported in bulk or packed in paper and / or polyethylene bags. Due to the use of the proposed preparation, the granules contain biologically active compounds that provide a "seed" effect for the growth and development of soil microflora - water-soluble polycarboxylic acids and nitrogenous compounds. Due to the granular appearance, after application, there is a gradual release of nutrients, macro- and microelements. Such a granular fertilizer improves the structure of the soil, increases the content of organic matter, which prevents the leaching of nutrients in case of excess moisture and provides water retention capacity in case of a lack of moisture. At the same time, granular fertilizer has a prolonged effect, the effect of increasing organic matter in the soil up to three years is observed, the content of macro- and microelements increases. For example, when introduced into arable gray forest soil with the following characteristics: medium loamy silty-silty, humus content 2.68%; salt pH 4.8, aqueous pH 5.8; granular fertilizer in doses at the rate of 30 t / ha and 60 t / ha with a total nitrogen content of 0.59%, total phosphorus in terms of P ₂ O ₅ 0.93%, total potassium in terms of K ₂ O 0.28%, having water pH value 7.1 (salt pH value 6.7), organic matter 46%, it was found that in the second year after the introduction, the humus content was 3.02%, phosphorus relative to the control - the original soil - 1.2 and 1.4 times more, the salt pH was 5.30, the water pH was 6.20. Therefore, using commercially available thermal drying and granulation equipment, preferably but not limited to, the use of a fertile substrate obtained by treating sewage sludge is claimed for the production of granular fertilizer. waters with a preparation based on plant raw materials for the treatment of sewage sludge, and the said preparation is a preparation obtained using the base preparation containing taken in wt. %:

vegetable raw materials in the form of grain of rice or grain of wheat 8.9-15.2 copper (II) salts 0.1-0.8 alkali 1.7-4 water rest

[0058] Preferably, but not limited to, a granular fertilizer obtained using a fertile substrate obtained by treating sewage sludge with a plant-based preparation for treating sewage sludge is also claimed, said preparation being a preparation obtained using a preparation base containing taken in wt. %:

vegetable raw materials in the form of grain of rice or grain of wheat 8.9-15.2 copper (II) salts 0.1-0.8 alkali 1.7-4 water rest

[0059] In this case, the soil can also be provided. Soil - soil fertility is having principal ingredient koto p th gumusosoderzhaschy is ground with the addition of various mineral impurities. Unlike conventional organic and mineral fertilizers, which are applied in a certain amount to improve the properties of soils, soil is directly used to create a fertile soil layer on disturbed soils or for growing plants. When using the aforementioned fertile substrate as a source of organic substances, macro- and microelements, it can be mixed with peat to adjust moisture content and enrichment with humic substances, fine or medium-sized sand, loam, sandy loam. In this case, for example, without limitation, from 20 to 30% of a fertile substrate by dry weight is used, the remaining additives are added depending on the direction of use, for example, lime can be used to maintain a neutral pH. Mixing is carried out using serial equipment, including a bulldozer with a bucket, an excavator, a screw mixer. When using the aforementioned fertile substrate with an organic matter content of 46%, having an aqueous pH of 7.2 (salt pH 6.6), trace elements by dry weight: Pb 42 mg / kg, Cd 23 mg / kg, Ni 160 mg / kg , Zn 2800 mg / kg, Cu 720 mg / kg, as well as sand, peat, loam, 25% of each component by dry weight, a soil can be obtained with an aqueous pH of 6.7 (salt pH 6.3) and containing a mass fraction of organic matter (calculated on dry matter) 17.2%, Pb 11 mg / kg, Cd 7 mg / kg, Ni 19 mg / kg, Zn 170 mg / kg, Cu 57 mg / kg, which is close to natural indicators for these elements in natural soil.

[0060] Thus, preferably, but not limited to, the claimed use for the manufacture of soil of a fertile substrate obtained by treating sewage sludge with a preparation based on plant materials for treating sewage sludge, said preparation being a preparation obtained using a preparation base containing in wt. %:

vegetable raw materials in the form of grain of rice or grain of wheat 8.9-15.2 copper (II) salts 0.1-0.8 alkali 1.7-4 water rest

[0061] Thus, preferably, but not limited to, soil is claimed as a soil obtained using a fertile substrate obtained by treating sewage sludge with a plant-based preparation for treating sewage sludge, said preparation being a preparation obtained using the basis of the preparation containing in wt. %:

vegetable raw materials in the form of grain of rice or grain of wheat 8.9-15.2 copper (II) salts 0.1-0.8 alkali 1.7-4 water rest

[0062] The present description of the claimed invention demonstrates only particular embodiments and does not limit other embodiments of the claimed invention, for example, it can be used for disinfection, disinfestation, deodorization of other objects, since other possible alternative embodiments of the claimed invention that do not go beyond the scope of information, set forth in this application should be obvious to a person skilled in the art having ordinary qualifications for which the claimed invention is designed.

Claims (8)

1. The use of a fertile substrate for the manufacture of granular fertilizers, characterized in that the fertile substrate is obtained by treating sewage sludge with a preparation based on plant raw materials for treating sewage sludge, and the said preparation is a preparation obtained using the base of the preparation containing taken in wt .%: vegetable raw materials in the form of grain of rice or grain wheat 8.9-15.2 copper (II) salts 0.1-0.8 alkali 1.7-4 water rest 2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the copper (II) salts are copper sulfate pentahydrate (copper sulfate). 3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the alkali is sodium hydroxide. 4. The use according to p. 1, characterized in that the grain of rice is taken in wt.%: 8.9; or 12.8; or 14.4; or 15.2. 5. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the wheat grain is taken in wt.%: 8.9; or 12.8; or 14.4; or 15.2. 6. The use according to p. 2, characterized in that the copper sulfate pentahydrate (copper sulfate) is taken in wt.%: 0.1; or 0.5; or 0.64; or 0.72; or 0.8. 7. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that sodium hydroxide is taken in wt.%: 1.7; or 3.7; or 4.