CS259561B1 - Preparation mixtures for spinning, drawing, shaping and finishing of polypropylene fibers - Google Patents

Abstract

Preparation mixtures with a synergistic effect for polypropylene fibers, which improve winding, stretching, shaping and further textile processing in the form of an aqueous dispersion of 1 to 20% by weight of active substance, which are mixtures of common technical adducts of olein 1 and castor oil, both with 20 moles of ethylene oxide.

Description

The invention relates to preparation mixtures acting synergistically during spinning, _stretching , shaping and final treatment of continuous polypropylene fibers. These preparation mixtures are applied to fibers from an aqueous dispersion containing 1 to 20% by weight of ^the active substance and are usable during spinning under spinning nozzles, during stretching and shaping on stretching machines, stretching-shaping machines, or shaping machines operating on the principle of tamping, false twist formation, or gaseous medium, and also as mixtures of the final product, guaranteeing good processability during further textile processing, such as embroidery, needle punching, knitting, weaving.

Preparation mixtures for continuous polypropylene fibers require a number of specific properties that must be included in one complex — the preparation mixture. These specific properties result from the polyolefinic nature of polypropylene fibers. This is primarily the high hydrophobicity of polypropylene and the resulting low critical surface tension, from which it is clear that polypropylene will be well wetted by preparation mixtures with a lower surface tension, such as 24 mN/m.

Perfect wetting is also reflected in a lower coefficient of friction in the fiber/metal, fiber/ceramic system. Great demands on preparation mixtures for polypropylene fibers are placed on friction in the fiber/fiber system, where optimal friction guarantees good structure of windings, especially of undirected fiber, which is one of the most important factors in addition to the cohesion of the fiber structure of individual fibrils for perfect low-waste processing of undirected fiber preforms on stretching-forming machines, especially those operating on the principle of a gaseous medium at high processing speeds.

In the production of polypropylene continuous fibers, especially polypropylene tow with a single fineness of 17 to 30 dtex, several dozen preparation mixtures according to the Czechoslovak and other foreign inventions and patents and several dozen preparation mixtures of top foreign companies have been verified during 15 years of production in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic:

Czechoslovak AO No.:

146,423, 168,941, 178,544, 181,635, 185,368,

192,968, 207,066, 214,373;

Company HENKEL:

LW-421, LW-432 B, LW-432, LW-432 C,

BK-2038, LW-432 N, LW-869/1, LW-913,

LW-1083;

STOCKHAUSEN company:

Estesol AST, TXC, TX 5161, PEC, K 5131,

Synparol VF 24 092;

SCHILL-SEILACHER Company:

Limanol P-10, P-20, P-30;

F^HONEYWILL ATLAS:

TL-6'15, 682·, HA 858, 855, 965, 708, 748; Fa ATLAS CHEMIE:

EL 182, 183, 180, 227, G-265, 1 292, 1 556,

109, 2,200;

Here is CIRRASOL:

GM, EP, TV;

Company HANSAWERKE:

DURON 14 M, 14 S, PP, STP 88;

CROSFIELD CROSANOL Company:

SF 200 N _r SF 600 P, SF 500 P, SF P,

SF 100 E;

MIDLAND SILICONES:

S-901, S-902, S-903;

About DOW CORNING:

T-4-2402, T-4-2403;

Company ZSCIMMER-SCHWARZ:

FM 2007, TG 1222, FB 2525 and others..

The greatest deficiency of these preparation mixtures is manifested mainly in the production of polypropylene tow, prepared by a discontinuous method, where the shaping is done from wound undirected fiber templates on direct-forming machines operating on the principle of a gaseous medium, where work is done at high shaping speeds of up to 2,000 m/min. These preparation mixtures do not guarantee the synergistic effect of all the required properties, which is manifested in the imperfect processing of undirected fiber templates, which creates significant waste during the continuous process.

This deficiency is eliminated by the preparation mixtures according to the present invention, which are applied to polypropylene continuous fibers from a dispersion containing 1 to 20% by weight of active substance, containing by weight:

up to 97% of component A, which is:

technical adduct of olein I with 20 moles of ethylene oxide and up to 3% of component B, which is:

technical polyoxyethylene adduct of castor oil with 20 moles of ethylene oxide.

The preparation mixtures are heated to 35 to 50 degrees Celsius and, with constant gentle stirring, dissolved in demineralized water at 30 to 50 °C to form stable aqueous dispersions, which are applied to the fiber in an amount of 0.5 to 2.0 wt. % of active substance, preferably 0.8 to 1.2 wt. %.

Preparation mixtures guarantee good wetting of polypropylene fibers, thus good friction properties in the fiber/metal, fiber/ceramic system, uniform coating along the entire length of the fibers, optimal friction in the system.

5 3 5 B 1 fiber/fiber and in addition to these properties, a number of properties that are given by the synergistic effect of these mixtures, such as suppression of the migration of the preparation mixture when forming a winding of unstretched fiber, excellent formation of a winding of unstretched fiber, cohesion of the fibrils of the fiber formation, which is manifested especially during high-speed shaping and stretching by processing the templates without residues, which allows us to maintain the continuity of the stretching-forming process by connecting subsequent templates of unstretched windings, and thus increasing the capacities of stretching-forming machines.

The following examples show the characteristic properties of surface treatments of continuous polypropylene fibers by means of preparation mixtures in the form of aqueous dispersions according to the present invention, the processability in the production process and compare these properties with the properties and processability achieved by surface treatments by means of other preparations. The undirected fiber windings are evaluated according to the following standard:

1st degree straight faces, no occurrence of crossed fibrils and protruding layers of fiber from the face of the winding, required winding diameter,

2nd level straight faces, no occurrence of crossed fibrils on the cells, small occurrence of protruding fiber layers, max. 4 mm from the face of the winding, the required winding diameter is maintained,

3rd degree: the appearance of protruding fiber layers 4 to 6 mm from the front of the winding, no occurrence of crossed fibrils on the cells, maximum deviation from the winding diameter of +1.5 cm,

4th degree: uneven faces, occurrence of crossed fibrils on the winding cells, entire layers of fiber protruding from the face of the winding, the required winding diameter not maintained.

Example 1: In VIRELON discontinuous process with a unit fineness of 27 dtex and a total fineness of 2,670 dtex, an 8% aqueous dispersion of the preparation mixture with the following composition was used as a spinning, straightening-forming and final preparation when winding uncured fiber lengths:

parts of component A, which is:

technical polyoxyethylene adduct of olein 1 with 20 moles of ethylene oxide prepared by addition of ethylene oxide to olein at a temperature of 150 to 160 degrees Celsius, a pressure of 0.2 to 0.3 MPa using granular KOH as a catalyst and parts of component B, which is:

technical polyoxyethylene adduct of castor oil with 20 moles of ethylene oxide, prepared by addition of ethylene oxide to castor oil at a temperature of 150 to 160 ^° C and a pressure of 0.2 to 0.3 MPa using granulated KOH as a catalyst.

Active ingredient content 1.2% by weight.

The tow prepared with this final preparation mixture (mixture No. 1) showed good winding properties when forming on forming machines operating with a gaseous medium of hot air at working speeds of 1,600 m/min, good operational reliability of the straightening-forming process, where successive patterns were connected by twisting, and when changing from one pattern of unstraightened fiber to the next pattern, the transition was smooth, which guaranteed the continuity of the straightening-forming process, thereby reducing waste and increasing production capacities. The subsequent processing into textiles by tufting into carpets, as well as the mechanical-physical properties, were good.

For comparison, in the production of this same cable, the preparation used so far in production as standard according to Czechoslovak Patent Application No. 207 066 was used, which is a dispersion of a common technical polyoxyalkylene product of castor oil with 20 moles of ethylene oxide, prepared by catalyzed addition of ethylene oxide to castor oil, and the following results were achieved:

In the production of polypropylene cable ty7

5 S 5 6 1

Mixture No. 1 Preparation according to AO No. 207 066 ;Fiber content in % wt. 1.2 1.3 Evaluation of undirected filament windings of the etalon stage 1 to 2 2 Friction coefficient (f _m ) fiber/metal 0.26 0.30 Friction coefficient (fj fiber/ceramic 0.25 0.28 Cohesion of uncoated fiber ribbon in % 95 85 Number of breaks per 1 ton in the stretching-forming process 30 70 Waste in the die-forming process in % 4 9 Example 2 In the production of polypropylene tow of the VIRELON type by a discontinuous method with a unit fineness of 27 dtex and a total fineness of 4,000 dtex, a 6.5% aqueous dispersion of a preparation mixture of the composition: 75 parts of component A and 25 parts of component B of products with parameters as in example 1 was used as a spinning and final preparation when winding the preforms of undirected fiber. The tow prepared with this final preparation mixture (mixture No. 2) showed good winding properties when forming on forming machines with a gaseous medium of hot air at working speeds of 1,400 m/min, good operational reliability of directing-forming, where successive preforms were connected by twisting and when changing from one preform of undirected fiber to the next preform, the transition was smooth, which guaranteed the continuity of the casting-forming process, thereby reducing waste and increasing production capacities. The subsequent processing in textiles by tufting into carpets, as well as the mechanical and physical properties were good. For comparison, in the production of the same cable, a mixed preparation (mixture No. 3) was used with the following composition: 15% by weight of olive oil 40% by weight of the condensation product of stearic acid with 3 moles of ethylene oxide 20% by weight of sulfated olive oil 25% by weight of the ethylene oxide adduct of nonyl- phenol with 6 moles of ethylene oxide 100% wt. and the following results were obtained: Mixture No. 2 Mixture No. 3 Fiber content in % by weight. 0.8 0.9 Evaluation of undirected fiber windings according to the standard 2 2 to 3 Friction coefficient (f _m ) fiber/metal 0.25 0.28 Friction coefficient (f _c ) fiber/ceramic 0.24 0.27 Cohesion of a ribbon of uncoated fiber in % 90 83 Number of breaks per 1 ton in the stretch-forming process 60 115 Waste in the die-forming process in % 7 11

259581

Example 3

In the production of polypropylene tow of the BALERON type by a discontinuous method with a unit fineness of 27 dtex and a total fineness of 4,000 dtex, a 4% aqueous dispersion of the preparation mixture of the composition as in Example 1 was used during winding, and on the forming-forming machines operating on the principle of cell-compression, a 2% aqueous dispersion of the preparation mixture of the composition: 5 parts of component A and 95 parts of component B of products with parameters as in Example 1.

The cable prepared in this way showed good winding properties, when shaped on shaping machines operating on the principle of cell tamping at working speeds of 300 m/min, and good operational reliability of the stretching-shaping process. The following

1Θ processing in textiles by tufting into carpets, as well as mechanical and physical properties are good.

For comparison, in the production of the same cable, a mixed preparation (mixture No. 4) was used with the following composition:

% by weight of castor oil % by weight of ethylene-oxidized adduct of castor oil with 20 moles of ethylene oxide % by weight of sulfated castor oil % by weight of ethylene-oxide adduct of nonylphenol with 5 moles of ethylene oxide

100% by weight

and the following results were achieved:

Mixed preparation according to the invention Mixture No. 4 Fiber content in % by weight. 0.6 0.6 Evaluation of unspun fiber windings according to the standard 1 to 2 3 to 4 Friction coefficient (f _m ) fiber/metal 0.26 0.28 Friction coefficient (f _c ) fiber/ceramic 0.25 0.28 Cohesion of the unbonded fiber ribbon in % 95 76

Example 4

In the production of continuous polypropylene filament formed by false twist, with a fineness of 84/25 dtex, an 18% aqueous dispersion of the preparation mixture was used with the composition: 95 parts of component A and 5 parts of component B with the parameters as in example 1.

Polypropylene silk prepared with this preparation mixture (mixture No. 5) showed good operational reliability in winding, shaping, warping, knitting, good friction properties and other mechanical-physical properties.

For comparison, in the production of the same polypropylene silk, a mixed preparation (mixture No. 6) was used with the following composition:

'33 parts by weight of component A, which is an ethylene oxide adduct of castor oil with 20 moles of ethylene oxide, parts by weight of component B, prepared by mixing the individual components in the order:

— 10 parts by weight of diethanolamide of a mixture of fatty acids C6 to C16, — 7 parts by weight of a distilled mixture of fatty acids of the following composition: about 10 % of saturated fatty acids C10 to C16, about 7 % of saturated fatty acid C18 with one double bond, 60 to 75 % of unsaturated fatty acid C18 with one double bond, about 8 % of unsaturated fatty acid C18 with two double bonds and about 5 % of saturated fatty acids C20 to C22, — 62 parts by weight of an oxyethylated mixture of fatty acids of the above composition with an average content of 20 molecules of ethylene oxide per average mole of said fatty acids, — 6 parts by weight of alkylbenzene with alkyl C16 and — 15 parts by weight of water, and the following results were obtained:

Mixture No. 5

Mixture No. 6

The content of the preparation on the fiber in % by mass. 2.0 2.0 Evaluation of unspun fiber windings according to the standard 1 to 2 2 to 4 Friction coefficient (f _m ) fiber/metal 0.33 0.37 Friction coefficient (f _t ) fiber/forming spindle 0.27 0.30 Friction coefficient (f _c ) fiber/ceramic 0.32 0.35 Cohesion of a ribbon of elongated shaped silk in'% 85 70 Qualitative assessment of the final fiber 1st quality class in % 93.0 88.0 2nd quality class in % 7.0 12.0

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Claims (3)

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION Preparations for spinning, drawing, shaping and finishing polypropylene filaments in the form of an aqueous dye dispersion having a content of 1 to 20% by weight. active substance, characterized in that the active substance is a mixture containing by weight: technical polyoxyethylene adduct of olein 1 with 20 moles of ethylene oxide and 97 to 3% of component B, which is: technical polyoxyethylene castor oil adduct with 20 moles of ethylene oxide. 3 to 97% of component A, which is: