CS254252B1 - The method of increasing the content of amino acids in grains of cereals and legumes - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of increasing the amino acid content in cereal and legume grains carried out by sprinkling the germinating grain with an aqueous solution of urea or ammonium nitrate. The essence of the solution lies in the fact that the grain in the initial germination phase of 24 to 168 hours is applied with an aqueous solution of urea or ammonium nitrate over a period of 6 days, when the individual doses in terms of nitrogen are as follows: 1st day 0.01 to 0.04% by weight, 2nd day 0.02 to 0.07% by weight, 3rd day 0.03 to 0.1% by weight, 4th day 0.03 to 0.12% by weight, 5th day 0.04 to 0.23% by weight, 6th day 0.04 to 0.24% by weight, with simultaneous ventilation at ambient temperature, the aqueous solution containing a mineral supplement.

Description

The invention relates to a method of increasing the amino acid content in grains by sprinkling cereal and legume grains in the initial stage of germination with an aqueous solution of urea and ammonium phosphate.

Currently, it is commonly used to increase the nutritional value of feed ingredients, e.g. toasting, de-bittering, fermentation or sprouting of grain. Sprouting of grain has been known since the time when agricultural practice lacked quality feed, because the nutritional value of cereals increases significantly in germinating grains. The changes that occur during grain germination, i.e. activation of the grain's enzymatic apparatus, cleavage of polysaccharides into smaller subunits and cleavage of protein chains into more digestible segments, are currently used in the production of malt from barley.

In the feed industry, extracted soybean meal is currently used as a protein component of plant origin in feed mixtures. However, the economic disadvantage of soybean meal forces agricultural practice to search for other protein components.

The above-mentioned shortcomings are eliminated by a method of increasing the amino acid content in cereal and legume grains, the essence of which lies in the fact that an aqueous solution of urea or ammonium phosphate is gradually applied to the grains in the initial germination phase of 24 to 168 hours in an amount, calculated as nitrogen, of 0.01% by weight to 0.04% by weight on the first day, 0.02 to 0.065% by weight on the second day, 0.03 to 0.1% by weight on the third day, 0.03 to 0.12% by weight on the fourth day, 0.04 to 0.23% by weight on the fifth day, and 0.04 to 0.24% by weight on the sixth day, based on the dry matter of the germinating grain, at ambient temperature with simultaneous ventilation.

The aqueous solution contains a mineral additive, where the individual components are in the amount of 0.001 to 0.1% by weight of potassium iodide, 0.001 to 0.1% by weight of iron sulfate, 0.001 to 0.1% by weight of copper sulfate, 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of zinc sulfate, 0.05 to 0.4% by weight of manganese sulfate, 0.001 to 0.01% by weight of cobalt sulfate and 0.001 to 0.1% by weight of ammonium molybdenum. The advantages of this method of increasing the amino acid content are manifested in the fact that, using the grain's own enzymatic apparatus, inorganic nitrogen and urea nitrogen are biotransformed into amino acid nitrogen. The amino acid content in the grain, treated according to the invention, increases depending on the type of grain in the range of 3 to 6% by weight. During germination, the vitamin content also increases, e.g. the vitamin C content in peas increases by approximately 1,000% by weight after 5 days of germination. The riboflavin content increases 2 to 3 times, the vitamin content ^increases by 500% by weight after 4 days of germination. The vitamin K content also increases significantly, as documented in the literature. The enzymatic apparatus is activated, which increases the nutritional value of the feed when fed to poultry. Natural biopolymers - such as proteins and polysaccharides - are broken down into more digestible segments.

In the feed industry, germinated grains are intended as protein components of feed mixtures, whether dried or not.

Undried sprouted grains can also be used for shaping granulated feed, where they act as a binder, while maintaining their high nutritional value. It can be said that grains prepared according to the invention can fully replace the protein components of feed mixtures that are imported from capitalist countries. Grain can be germinated in all types of malting equipment, whether it is the classic method on threshing floors or mechanical sprouters with automatic process control. The only additional step is sprinkling with aqueous solutions of urea and ammonium salts at regular time intervals with subsequent re-layering or during re-layering, because this ensures uniform dispersion of the solution. Animals accept grains treated in this way without any problems in any form and it can be assumed that the increase in the content of vitamins in sprouted grains will contribute to improving their health.

Example 1

0.74 l of water was gradually applied to one kg of F2 corn. As soon as the first signs of germination appeared, i.e. a bright spot at the beginning of the sprout, an aqueous solution containing urea was applied to the germinating grain at regular time intervals in the following amounts: 1st day 0.03% by weight, 2nd day 0.06% by weight, 3rd day 0.1% by weight, 4th day 0.13% by weight, 5th day 0.14% by weight, and 6th day 0.14% by weight of urea based on kg of dry matter of the germinating grain. In total, 0.6% by weight of urea per kg of dry matter of the grain was applied to the grain in a six-day cycle. The wetting solution was enriched with a mineral preparation consisting of 0.001% by weight of potassium iodide, 0.08% by weight of ferrous sulfate, 0.03% by weight of copper sulfate, 0.12 wt. % zinc sulfate, 0.25 wt. % manganese sulfate, 0.002 wt. % cobalt sulfate and 0.001 wt. % ammonium molybdate.

Amino acid content in F2-Pionýr corn (in % of dry matter of the sample)

Amino acid Corn native Corn. sprouts. with water Corn. sprouts. with urine. aspartic acid 0.73 0.77 1.09 threonine 0.34 0.35 0.42 serine 0.46 0.46 0.51 glutamic acid 1.98 2.12 2.54 proline 0.63 0.65 0.73 cystine 0.12 0.14 0.14 glycine 0.33 0.35 0.44 alpha-alanine 0.75 0.83 0.99 valine 0.45 0.50 0.56 methionine 0.16 0.19 0.18 isoleucine 0.29 0.35 0.40 . leucine 1.25 1.29 1.31 tyrosine 0.36 0.39 0.47 phenylalanine 0.43 0.55 0.78 histidine 0.36 0.36 0.37 lysine 0.30 0.31 0.37 ammonia 0.10 0.12 0.21 arginine 0.42 0.42 0.45

total amino acids 9.46 10.15 11.96 Example 2 Per kg of Slavia wheat was gradually applied 0.7 l of water. After the first signs appear germination was germination grain in regular time intervals sprinkled with an aqueous solution urea. The total dose for 5 days was 0.64% by weight of urea per kg of dry matter of sprouted grains, with a dose was distributed as follows: first day 0.04% by weight ., 2nd day 0.08% wt., Day 3 0.14% wt., Day 4 0.18% wt. , day 5 0.2% wt. Amino acid content in Slavia wheat (in % mass of dry matter of the sample) Amino acid Original wheat Wheat key. Wheat key. with water with urine aspartic acid 0.61 0.72 1.59 threonine 0.34 0.35 0.39 serine 0.62 0.63 0.62 glutamic acid 4.26 5.17 5, ^r ' proline 1.10 1.22 1 , . cystine st. st. <- . glycine 0.50 0.52 0.58 alpha-alanine 0.42 0.45 0.60 valine 0.55 0.55 0.57 methionine 0.15 0.16 0.17

Continuation table

Amino acid Wheat original Wheat key. with water Wheat germ. with urine. isoleucine 0.39 0.43 0.46 leucine 0-.92 0.92 0.95 tyrosine 0.32 0.40 0.45 phenylalanine 0.53 0.55 0.56 histidine 0.36 0.33 0.35 lysine 0.38 0.31 0.39 ammonia 0.36 0.32 0.34 arginine 0.69 0.62 0.74 total amino acids 12.50 13.65 15.54 Example 3 Per kg of peas was gradually applied 1 1 water. After discovery the first signs of germination, that's the bright spot at the beginning of the bud, it was to sprouting grain at regular intervals applied amount of aqueous solution containing urea in total 6-day dose 1.59% by weight urea per kg dry matter of sprouted grain. This dose was divided as follows: Day 1 0.08% by weight, Day 2 0.13% wt., 3 . day 0, .2% by weight, 4th day 0.24% wt., 5th day 0.46% wt., day 6 0.48% by weight. Amino acid content in Tolar peas (in % mass of dry matter of the sample) Amino acid Peas original Pea key. Pea key. with water with urine aspartic acid 3.1 3.7 4.0 threonine 1.0 0.9 1.0 serine 1.2 1.2 1.3 glutamic acid 4.7 5.2 7.2 proline 0.8 0.8 0.9 glycine 1.1 1.0 1.1 alpha-alanine 1.1 1.2 1.4 valine 1.1 1.3 1.4 methionine 0.2 0.2 0.3 isoleucine 1.0 1.0 1.1 leucine 1.9 1.9 2.1 tyrosine 1.2 1.2 1.4 phenylalanine 1.3 1.4 1.6 histidine 0.8 1.1 1.1 lysine 1.9 1.8 2.1 ammonia 0.3 0.4 0.6 arginine 2.8 2.5 2.9 total amino acids 25.5 26.8 31.5

Example 4

A total of 1 l of water was applied per kg of Inovce beans. After the first signs of germination, the grain was sprayed with an aqueous solution of ammonium phosphate in a total dose of 4.44% by weight, so that 0.74 l by weight of aqueous solution of ammonium phosphate was applied every day for six days.

Amino acid content in Inovci beans (in % mass, dry matter of the sample)

Amino acid Original bob Bob key. with water Bob key with (NH ₄ ) ₂ 3 aspartic acid 3.34 3.72 4.18 threonine 1.09 1.11 1.13 serine 1.52 1.58 1.71 glutamic acid 4.84 5.02 5.41 proline 1.21 1.34 1.24 cystine 0.24 0.24 0.24 glycine 1.23 1.26 1.28 alpha-alanine 1.08 1.30 1.30 valine 1.30 1.36 1.37 methionine 0.38 0.35 0.30 isoleucine 1.23 1.20 1.17 leucine 2.39 2.36 2.35 tyrosine 1.08 1.10 1.24 phenylalanine 1.32 1.42 1.33 histidine 0.87 0.93 0.94 lysine 2.03 2.06 2.05 ammonia 0.55 0.52 0.59 arginine 2.82 2.90 3.16

The total amount of amino acids in the Inovce bean was therefore, the original 28.52% by weight, in the bean germinated with water 29.77% by weight, and in the bean germinated with ammonium phosphate 30.99% by weight.

Example 5

A comparative fattening test was performed on two groups of broiler type chickens (ROSS), fed with a basic soy-corn diet. The control group was fed a basic diet supplemented with 10% by weight of the original untreated peas, while the experimental group was given a similar diet supplemented with 10% by weight of sprouted peas (in an aqueous solution with urea for 5 days). The experiment showed that the chickens of the experimental group recorded statistically significantly higher live weight gains in the index by 15.5% by weight compared to the chickens of the control group, while simultaneously reducing feed consumption per unit of gains in the index by 9.2% by weight.

Claims (2)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION A method for increasing the amino acid content of cereal and legume grains, characterized in that an aqueous solution of urea or ammonium phosphate, calculated on nitrogen in amounts of 0.01 to 0.04% on day 1, is gradually applied to the grains in the initial germination phase for 24 to 168 hours. wt., Day 2 0.02 to 0.07 wt%, Day 3 0.03 to 0.1 wt%, Day 4 0.03 to 0.12 wt%, Day 5 0.04 to 0 23% by weight, on day 6 0.04 to 0.24% by weight, based on the dry weight of the germinating grain at ambient temperature, with simultaneous ventilation, the aqueous solution further comprising a mineral supplement containing 0.001 to 0.1% by weight. % potassium iodide, 0.001 to 0.1 wt. % of ferrous sulfate, 0.001 to 0.1 wt. copper sulfate, 0/05 to 0.3 wt. % zinc sulfate, 0.05 to 0.4 wt. % manganese sulfate, 0.001 to 0.01 wt. % cobalt sulfate, 0.001 to 0.1 wt. ammonium molybdate.