CS252733B1 - Method of glazed ceramic tiles,glazed and glazed decorating paving bricks production - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution relates to the production of glazed ceramic tiles and tiles made of matter based on clays or clays. In addition to the use of secondary raw materials is also addressed by an increase in quality parameters of the products in question. This effect is achieved by using ceramic) 20% to 80% clay or clay to 20 to 80% granulated blast furnace wreckage

Description

The invention relates to a process for the production of glazed ceramic tiles, glazed and glazed decorated ceramic tiles based on floated and raw kaolins, kaolinitic or illitated or montmorillonitic clays or clays and granulated blast furnace slag. The compression granulate is prepared from such a mass by a wet process, e.g. j. milling in ball drum mills and subsequent drying of the prepared suspension, respectively. dry way, i. j. grinding and drying individual raw materials in drying mills and subsequent granulation in granulation equipment.

At present, mainly gypsum, clay and carbonate, limestone and clay materials are used for the production of glazed ceramic tiles. dolomite. These compositions provide products with sufficient dimensional stability and a sufficiently high coefficient of thermal expansion to ensure good consistency of the shed with the glaze. Especially in the production of glazed ceramic tiles, however, in most cases these materials do not provide sufficient operational reliability in strengths. They are also not suitable for single firing due to the release of a considerable amount of gases in the temperature range above the glaze transformation temperature.

All the raw materials making up these materials must be of sufficient quality, with a minimum content of coloring oxides and combustible substances. However, deposits of quality clay raw materials are rapidly depleted due to the high consumption of the production in question, and these raw materials also become scarce. The extraction of raw materials also has a significant negative impact on the environment and often also occupies high-quality agricultural land.

The above drawbacks are eliminated by the process of producing glazed ceramic tiles, glazed and glazed decorated tiles according to the invention, in which wet or dry granulated blast furnace slag is produced from ceramic based on floated and raw kaolins, kaolinitic or illitic or montmorillonite clays or granulated blast furnace slags. by pressing the granulate. It is an object of the present invention to use a mass comprising said clay feedstocks in a concentration of 20-80% by weight to 20-80% of granulated blast furnace slag with an expanded basicity modulus above 0.9.

The main advantages of the solution according to the invention are that it makes it possible to increase the utilization of blast-furnace slag exported to the heap, with a positive environmental impact and the products have high physico-mechanical parameters, with a margin meeting the requirements of the standards.

Granular blast furnace slags are essentially calcium silicate glass (their other important components being MgO and Al2O3J resulting from the rapid cooling of liquid slag with water in granulation plants. Depending on the chemical composition, expressed in abbreviated form by the extended alkalinity modulus _% CaO +% MgO ~% S1O2 + % ΑΓ2Ο3 granulated blast furnace slags remain either in a vitreous state (B <0.9 - acidic slags) or crystallize (B> 0.9 - alkaline slags) with gentle heating, producing mainly melilite and p-wollastonite.

Due to the aforementioned characteristic of the basic granulated blast furnace slag, the granular slag present at the temperatures of up to 1000 ^and C is directly crystallized by the process according to the invention. At the same time, it makes it possible to burn products at a lower temperature than traditional wood products, with a direct impact on energy savings. A suitable phase composition of the shards is also manifested by high resistance of the fired glaze to sudden changes in temperature according to Harkort and low humidity, extensibility. By the process according to the invention it is possible to produce articles with sufficient whiteness at satisfactory values of other physico-mechanical parameters.

Since the mass does not release gases at temperatures above the transformation point of the glazes used, the products can be glazed even after drying and fired in a single glow, which also represents a considerable energy saving.

The following examples illustrate the practice of the present invention.

Example 1

A mass consisting of 45 wt. % granulated blast furnace slag with extended basicity modulus B = 1.1, 30 wt. % crude kaolin, 10 wt. % float kaolin, 5 wt. % kaolinitic clay and 10 wt. Pressing granulate for the production of porcelain tiles was prepared by wet grinding in a ball mill and spray drying as well as granulation of dried and ground raw materials. The moldings, after drying, were fired at 1060 ° C to a glazed anneal and baked at 960 ° C. The products have a low water absorption of 15.5 ° / o, a bending strength of 24 MPa, resistance to sudden temperature changes according to Hartkort above 200 ° C and a moisture expansion below 0.05 ° / o. Grep had a whiteness of 80%. Example 2

A mass consisting of 40 wt. % granulated blast furnace slag, 10 wt.

% Of crude kaolin, 30 wt. ° / o illitickoI

-montmorillonite clay and 20 wt. In order to produce glazed decorated tiles, wet granulation in a ball drum and spray drying, as well as granulation of the dried and ground raw materials, was prepared by means of wet illumination. The moldings were fired at 1100 ° C after drying

Claims (1)

SUBJECT Process for producing glazed ceramic tiles, glazed and glazed decorated ceramic tiles based on floated and raw kaolins, kaolinitic or illitic or montmorillonitic clays or clays and granulated blast furnace slag by wet grinding and subsequent drying, respectively. grinding and sus on the overlaid to which the glaze was applied and baked at 960 ° C. The products have a water absorption of 12% on average, a bending strength of 30 MPa, resistance to sudden changes in the temperature of the Harkort substrate above 200 ° C and a moisture expansion below 0.1%.