CS251874B1 - High-octane low-alloy gasoline - Google Patents

Abstract

High-octane low-lead motor gasoline based mainly on products of catalytic reforming and low-temperature isomerization contains, in addition to catalytic reformate with an octane number of 90 to 95, its distilled component with a boiling point below 155 °C, catalytic isomerizate with an octane number by the research method of 81 to 86 and 0.14 to 0.30 g Pb/l in the form of tetraethyllead or its mixture with tetramethyllead, in which there are at least two parts of TEO to 1 part of TMO, with the ratio of reformate and its residue being 2 to 4 volumes per volume and the isomerate content being 20 to 50 %/o vol. The mixture may contain a maximum of 15 %/o vol. of other components, including additives.

Description

The invention relates to the composition of high-octane low-lead gasoline based mainly on products of catalytic reforming and low-temperature isomerization, with the heavy aromatic fraction from the reformate being used as a quality-improving component in addition to 0.14 to 0.30 g Pb/l in the form of tetraethyl lead, or mixtures of alkyl lead in which tetraethyl lead predominates.

The gradual reduction of OA in gasolines is stopped for economic reasons at a concentration range that is roughly one third of the original amount, i.e. 0.15 to 0.30 grams Ph/1. The production of gasolines of this type from purely hydrocarbon components is not difficult for gasoline with an octane number VM up to 92 units (NORMAL type, in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic called SPECIAL). The difficulty increases when producing gasoline with an OCMV of 95 to 100 units (PREMIUM type, in our country SUPER). The most difficult situation is in refineries where olefinic components, or cracked or pyrolysis components, selectively hydrogenated, are not available. In this case, the main component is catalytic reformate, which must have a high octane number VM. However, the light components contained in it are of poor quality in terms of resistance to. knocking, their anti-debonding effect can be improved with tetramethyl lead (TMO), for which, however, at low lead concentrations, hydrocarbons have lower susceptibility (by 2 to 3 OČVM units compared to TEO).

The high-octane low-lead motor gasoline according to the invention is based mainly on the product of catalytic reforming and low-temperature isomerization of Cg and/or C6 hydrocarbons, and solves most of the above problems.

is characterized by the fact that it contains a product of medium-pressure catalytic reforming of gasoline with a boiling point in the range of 100 to 180 °C, a distillation residue from the same product boiling above 155 °C in a volume ratio of 2 to 4: 1, further 20 to 50% by volume of low-temperature catalytic isomerizate Cg to Cg, 0.1.4 to 0.30 g of lead/l as tetraethyl lead or a mixture of tetraethyl lead and tetramethyl lead in a mass ratio greater than 2: 1. The OČVM of the product is 91 to 98, based on the OČVM of the medium-pressure reforming product 91 to 98 (without lead) and the OČVM of the low-temperature isomerizate 81 to 86 (without lead). The preferred content of the distillation residue from the reformate is up to 15% by volume and the form of lead is tetraethyl lead. Another component up to 15% by volume may be non-olefinic, petroleum and/or non-petroleum gasolines with a boiling point range of 35 to 170 °C obtained by direct distillation and possibly additionally by hydrotreating and additives with detergent, demulsifying or anti-ice effects in the catalyst.

The advantages of the invention can be assessed by analyzing it. The key points are the selection of a suitable fraction from the reformate redistillate for the highest quality type of low-leaded motor gasoline and the selection of a suitable type of alkyl lead. The range of quality of the starting reformate and the conditions for its acquisition are also related to this. It is evident that the invention also produces the highest quality reformate component with a relatively low octane number for high-octane motor gasoline. It is also noteworthy that the distillation range of gasoline is emphasized. Implicit in the process is a positive mixing bonus caused by heavy reformate in a mixture with isomerate. This allows relatively low-octane components to be mixed. Motor gasoline may also contain other components added as additives - with a certain function. A similar bonus is also obtained with tetraethyl lead. Another very favorable measure according to the invention is the elimination of low-octane light components from the reformate (component I) and thus the improvement of the octane number of the light fractions, which determines the behavior of gasoline during acceleration, which is particularly important for high-octane gasoline. The aromatics supplied in the residue from the aromatic are practically only monocyclic alkylated types, their concentration corresponds to the standards and there is no known negative impact on combustion. In addition, these aromatics have a favorable effect on the cleanliness of the valves. All the qualitatively emphasized advantages here are documented further in the example, which does not affect the scope of the invention, but illustrates the essence.

Example

Three fractions were prepared from petroleum gasoline boiling up to 180 °C by distillation. The first fraction was subjected to mesothermal isomerization up to 70 degrees Celsius on a catalyst containing 0.35 wt. % platinum on AI2O3 activated by AICI3 and a low-temperature isomerizate with an oct. number VM 85 was obtained. From the third fraction boiling from 100 to 180 °C by reforming on a Pt—Re catalyst under a pressure of 2.5 MPa, a reformate O with an OČVM 92 was obtained. This was fed to two consecutive 30-tray columns and three fractions were prepared with a reflux ratio of 2:1.

I. to III. in a yield of 25.50 and 25% by weight, of which III. with a boiling point above 160 °C was used for the production of motor gasoline according to the invention.

Table 1 lists all the fractions used for the production of motor gasoline. The medium low octane fraction used alternatively for fine-tuning is also listed.

From fraction III., gasoline according to the invention with 0.15 and 0.25 g Pb/l was prepared, and in addition, an attempt was made to prepare gasoline by a different procedure. For this, it was necessary to use reformate with OČVM 97 obtained with a lower yield from the same petroleum gasoline (Table 2).

The advantages of the invention are clearly visible from the comparison. The required octane number of the VM reformate was reduced and thus its yield increased, it was possible to use more isomerizate or light gasoline. In the gasolines according to the invention, higher blending bonuses and better octane numbers of the light components were achieved.

251874 Table 1

Ingredients for the production of high-octane gasoline

folder reformat rest of the reformation isomerize light gasoline 92 97 label 0 0' III. 150 LB yield % wt. 89* 87.3* 25** — — quality: cko 0.784 0.795 0.875 0.649 0.694 rained, up to 60 °C 2.5 3 0 40 8 rained, up to 110 °C 37 39 0 100 100 rained, up to 180 °C 97 95 85 100 100 aromatics % by weight 55.3 67.0 95.0 0 3.0 vapour pressure kPa 27 27 0 85 52.3 OCVM (lead free,) 92 97 104.8 85.0 63.9 OCMM (lead free) 82.8 86.1 92.5 83.5 62.0

* calculated on gasoline for reforming "from reformate"

Table 2

Low-lead, high-octane gasoline

Type designation BA 96** ROZ 91** common according to the invention common according to the invention

lead content g Pb/1 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.15 lead type ( + ) PM—50 TEO TEO TEO composition %/vol.: reformat O 38.6 40.7 46.7 11.7 reformat O’ 21.0 0 0 0 rest of the reforms; III. 0 12.6 0 25.1 isomerize 40.4 45.0 42.7 42.5 light gasoline 0 0 10.6 20.8 quality: d-zo 0.747 0.740 0.735 0.724 dist. up to 60 °C 12 14 13 13 dist. up to 110 °C 64 67 64 67 dist. up to 180 °C 97 96 97 98 vapor pressure, KPa 44.1 50.9 53.3 50.3 OCVM 97.3 98.1 91.5 92.8 OCMM 89.5 89.4 85.7 87.0 R. 100 83.4 85.4 82.3 83.3 OCVM bonus 1.3 2.1 0.5 1.8 * PM—50 is 50% TEO and 50% TMO ** calculated VM octane number with lead

Claims (5)

SUBJECT 1. High-octane low-boiling gasoline based predominantly on naphtha catalytic reforming products and low temperature isomerization of light naphtha, containing predominantly pentaines and / or hexanes, characterized in that it contains a medium pressure catalytic reforming gasoline product boiling in the range of 110 to 180 degrees Celsius and a distillation residue. of a product boiling above 155 ° C in a volume ratio of 2 to 4: 1, 20 to 50% by volume of a C5 to Ce low-temperature catalytic isomerisate and 0.14 to 0.30 g of lead / l as tetraethyl lead »tetramethylol . a ratio greater than 2 to 1. 2. The autoibenzin of claim 1 wherein said OWM is in the range of 91 to 98, said OWM product of said medium-pressure catalyst is reformed to be 91 to 98 without lead, and said OWM of low temperature isomerisate is 81 to 86 without lead. 3. The gasoline according to claim 1, characterized in that the preferred content of the distillate from the reformate is up to 15% by volume and in the form of lead tetraethyl lead. 4. Gasoline according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains up to 15% by volume of other components, which are neolefinic, petroleum and / or non-petroleum naphtha with a boiling range of 35 to 170 ° C obtained by direct distillation and optionally hydrogenation refining. 5. A motor vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the additives added to the product have detergent and / or de-emulsifying and / or de-emulsifying properties. counteracts the formation of ice in the catalyst.