CS241591A3 - Mixture for the manufacture of blocks and prefabricated elements and process for producing thereof - Google Patents

Description

’Ό Ό r ° o o c c r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r rΌ

Construction compound for the production of fittings and prefabricated parts and produce

Techniques

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a construction composition for the manufacture of aprefabricated pieces, such as bricks, slabs, beams, tubes and the like, which comprise a base component of 85 to 100% by weight, preferably 90.6 to 95.4% by weight. and, if desired, binders, preferably slaked or non-slaked lime, representing 0 to 15% w / w, preferably 4.6 to 9.4% w / w, and water. The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of such a construction mixture. ° ° ní ní ní ní ní ní ní ní

Current construction requires new, better and cheaper building materials from the building industry. The most frequently used building materials are undoubtedly concrete on a base, which decisively determines the character of modern construction. High-rise buildings, road constructions, bridges, reservoirs, water works, dams and many other construction works are made of concrete today, all or part of the concrete. The cement-based concrete is undoubtedly an excellent building material but has two negligible disadvantages. . Its production requires a relatively large amount of cement and coarse-grained additives, which are economically and for the future only available to a limited extent. So far, while there are sufficient reserves of gravel, sand and raw materials for the production of cement, there is already a local shortage and an increase in the prices of these raw materials, which must be transported to the respective sites with increasing costs from ever-increasing distances. From these reasons, consideration is given to the possibility of replacing these natural raw materials with other materials. Above all, you need to examine whether they are

And the real prospects for adequate treatment of waste materials, which are now available in large quantities, and their recovery in construction - _ -

Waste raw materials are generally understood to be solid wastes which, as undesirable products, are produced in the households, trades and industry. The resulting wastes are very diverse in nature. - Domestic garbage and similar trades represent a heterogeneous mixture of solid mineral and organic substances, the composition of which strongly depends on the season and local influences. Regarding the fabric composition, the main constituents of waste are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and silicon. In addition, however, halogens and coke are also present in the waste, which are to be considered as potential environmental hazards. At present, most municipal waste is deposited and only a small part is incinerated. Most waste incineration residues are now also landfilled. However, due to the chemical and physical properties of these residues, this deposition must be considered to be quite problematic, especially with regard to the threat to the underwater or other waters in general. - -

This is of particular importance in fly ash, as it contains a large amount of water soluble substances. The throma slag contains a substantially smaller proportion of water-soluble components. The high water solubility in fly ash is caused and supported by a large internal surface as well as the presence of readily soluble metal compounds.

Nowadays, road construction is considered an important area for the use of garbage slags. Extensive research has been carried out in Switzerland. It has been found that well-burnt waste slag is suitable for base layers after appropriate treatment. Such load-bearing layers relate to their load-bearing capacity and other properties as a completely equivalent layer of quality gravel. - A similar problem is the exploitation and utilization of the remains of energy installations. As a result of global oil supply problems, the use of coal for energy production and supply has again become important in many countries. This may be due to the fact that coal use will continue to rise significantly in the coming years, both in the production of electrical current and in industry. With the increasing use of coal, there is a growing amount. incineration residues and hence the urgent need for their disposal or reuse. From the point of view of substance composition and based on the physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of these residues, it is evident that these residues are to be considered not as waste, but as an almost entirely by-product.

Waste slags are very heterogeneous materials in terms of composition, grain size of the form. Since the waste from slag is little leachable, it usually has a grain size distribution and can usually be easily compacted, used in the Netherlands, northern Germany, and Switzerland in a growing market for road construction and noise barrier embankments. However, it is not permitted to use mixtures of slag and fly ash for these purposes. According to the circumstances, these mixtures contain a high concentration of soluble salts. Slag deposition can then be considered totally unthinkable because the fly ash is separated. Since the application of fly ash or fly ash mixtures with waste slags requires special precautions, efforts are now being made to solidify these residues by appropriate processing and to bind the pollutants present reliably and efficiently. - - In particular, ash-firing of coal is currently being exploited. Lignite fly ash is produced in large quantities, but is mainly stored in landfills, or used to fill mined spaces. With regard to pozzolanic charcoal, the lignite ash is mainly used as an additive to concrete mixtures. Furthermore, fly ash is used in road construction to improve the substrate, damping embankments and load-bearing layers. Fly ash can also be used as a filler in bituminous support layers, bonding and covering layers. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a building composition and a process for producing said slag and fly ash as well as other materials considered to be waste materials such as concrete. brick pulp, remnants of concrete or brick production and the like.

It is necessary to achieve a strength corresponding to the building standards and the pollutants present in the finished product to be reliably bound, excluding leaching. Furthermore, as far as possible, production costs can be minimized both in terms of energy consumption and consumption.

The essence of the invention

This object is achieved by the constructional composition of the second aspect of the invention, wherein the basic dry component comprises tribomechanically activated domestic or industrial wastes, in particular slags and ash or waste incineration plants and / or brick and / or concrete mills. residues from the production of bricks and / or concrete and the like, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture to water is in the range of 1: 0.05 to 0.25, preferably 1: 0.08 to 0.16. The term " mixture " herein and hereinafter refers to blended and substantially dry constituents of the building compositions, i.e., the raw material and the binder.

The process for producing the disclosed construction mixture is, according to the invention, that between 85 and 100% by weight, preferably 90.6 to 95.4% by weight. the basic component, which consists of household waste or industrial waste, in particular slag and fly ash, refuse or power plant ash, brick and / or concrete debris, or waste from brick and / or concrete production, etc., is activated tribomechanically, then optionally mixed with O - 15 % by weight, preferably 4.6 to 9.4% by weight. binders, preferably slaked or quicklime, and the mixture with water is compressed to the desired shape and hydrothermally cured. The water to be exchanged is added in a weight ratio of 1: 0.05 to 1: 0.25, preferably 1: 0.08 to 1: 0.16.

Advantageously, the particles of the base component are comminuted to a grain size of at most 4 mm using mechanical devices such as crushers or hammer mills.

In this case, each constituent particle is subjected to a maximum of 0.05 s during tri-mechanical activation. at least three impacts of impact bodies which move at a rate of not less than 15 m / sec. In the actual pressing process, a compression pressure of 3 to 160 MPa is used. Subsequent hydrothermal curing is carried out at temperatures between 56 and 90 ° C for a period of 3.5 to 7.5 hours, or this hydrothermal curing is carried out at overpressure and temperatures above 100 ° C for a period of time ranging from 3 to 7 hours.

Building materials manufactured in this way to meet all the quality requirements of the relevant technical standards. Building materials are suitable for the construction of residential, industrial and social buildings.

The process according to the invention is also applicable to the production of building elements with or without cavities and with various dimensions.

The share of material costs in the composition of building materials is considerably lower than in the case of the use of building materials produced by conventional technologies. For example, the required energy consumption is 3.5 times lower on average compared to bricks required to make a 1 m wall, even 1 - 10 times lower on average for 1 m bricks. This fact is also important in terms of ecology.

In addition, optimum building materials are characterized by optimum thermal insulation parameters as well as other parameters. The possibilities of using these building materials are unlimited, so they can be used in all climatic zones. Due to the use of the analyzed building materials, a certain weight reduction of the

again, which is again positively reflected in economic terms, H

in particular by reducing the dimensions of the structural members such as - I are foundations, columns, translations of ceilings and the like. In carrying out

According to the process of the invention, the amount required may be reduced. It also binds, which also brings significant savings in production.

For example, using concrete or brick debris,

For example, when a building is demolished, it may fall off B

adding lime, since the binder is already contained in this case

in a raw material component, for example as a mortar. Tat0 circumstance B

brings additional material cost savings. B

Further features and advantages of the invention are explained in more detail by R

in the following description. AND

The term "tribomechanics" refers to the microscopic and submicroscopic processes that occur when

composition of boundary surfaces of crystalline substances. Tribophysics of I

the interrelationships between mechanical interactions and physiology

The general phenomena between the fixed boundary surfaces of the phases I or with their surroundings are very diverse and the energy causes are not yet fully understood. Such interaction processes occur, for example, in the processing of materials in disintegrators and vibratory or ball mills.

One of the important causes of the change in the behavior of materials by the chromosomal stress is the change in the lattice structure of the solids. Because it consists mainly in the formation of disturbance areas, tribomechanical processing practically always leads to the acceleration of the physicochemical processes taking place in the solid, i.e. to the activation of the solid. The degree of activation depends on both the structure of the tribomechanically processed solid and the intensity and type of mechanical forces acting on the solid. In the case of periodically acting forces, the processing intensity is determined by the amplitude and frequency of the acting energy. For example, the maximum concentration of lattice defects is achieved in the treatment of solids in vibratory mills.

The great importance of tribomechanical methods from a constructional point of view could already be demonstrated in activating agents in disintegrators. The strength of beton made from activated cements can thus be increased to about twice. At the same time, these concretes exhibit a high initial strength, which is also much faster than when using conventional, non-activated cement. Similarly good results are achieved in the production of sand-lime bricks - see 295 295, Hint. The activation of quartz sand has yielded considerably higher strength in the case of clay bricks than in the case of untreated quartz sand bricks, and practice has shown that sand-grit in the disintegrator yields structural elements with a higher compressive strength than ball-milled or vibratory material mills.

The disintegrator is a kind of nail mill, with two oppositely arranged rotors with a plurality of nail rings rotating in opposite directions. The main components of the disintegrator are cages which are composed of saddles or striking bodies which are arranged in three concentric circles. The bars are fastened with rows of discs. Some of them are threaded, most are fitted. Both cages, that is, the outer cage and the inner cage, are inserted into each other and the counter-rotating movement is indicated with a speed of up to 1,500 / min. With a cage diameter of approximately 900 mm, these speeds correspond to a stroke speed of at least 15 m / sec. and mutual bar speeds up to 120 m / sec. At such high speeds, sand material coming into the inside of the cage is subjected to strong and frequent shocks that crush and activate the grains. The inner cage is rotated at 1,500 rpm. The outer cage usually has two speed control steps of 1,000 rpm for coarse grinding and 1,500 rpm. for fine grinding.

The activated particles, when passing through the disintegrator, are exposed to the effects of acceleration and deceleration by the action of pins arranged on the rotor in fractions of a second. - 8 -

The mechanical energy transmitted to the activated particles in this short time is greater than the longer-lasting processing in the wheel or vibration mill.

For example, the maximum concentration of lattice defects in vibration mills is sometimes achieved during processing.

Increasing the processing intensity of the vibration mill is increased by increasing the amplitude of the action and the frequency of the vibration, and in the ball mills by increasing the mass of the balls. In the disintegrator, the individual particles are thrown at high speed against hard surfaces and subjected to strong impacts. In the practical disintegration process, the individual particles, regardless of their type, are subjected to at least three to five impacts. The time interval between the individual shots is preferably less than 0.01 sec., A maximum of 0.05 sec. The grains are therefore mainly ground due to internal structure defects and the milled material obtains a greater structural strength than the starting material.

The increased strength of the finished product can be explained by the increased solubility of the grains, the formation of more hydrosilicate binders during the hydrothermal treatment, the optimum grain structure and the high probability of the grain surface structure as well, if the particles of the particular degree of activation are in the limit deformation a foamed state resulting in an increase in the chemical reaction capability. In terms of electrostatics, the increase in strength can be explained by increasing the charge of the activated material. The inactivation process gives the grains a greater negative charge, which results in better bonding with positively charged lime particles in the production of the mortar. In addition to electrostatic forces, in addition to electrostatic forces, some molecular attractive forces are generated in the preparation of the mixture with water and in the course of curing and curing, and a uniform solution field is produced, which in the next process promotes rapid formation of crystallization centers. The basic raw material components of the blend are embedded in the disintegrator and activated by the process described above. In the case of oversized particles of the starting material, which is particularly often the case with concrete or brick debris, the particles of the basic raw materials are pre-activated by the conventional mechanical devices, such as crushers, hammer mills and the like, on the grain. with a maximum grain size of 4 mm. Upon activation, the base raw materials are mixed with the binder and, if desired, other substances, for example aluminum for pore formation and the like. The proportion of the basic raw materials in this dry matter preferably varies from 90.6 to 95.4% by weight. In some circumstances, the lower limit of concentration of these components must be reduced to 85% by weight. On the other hand, up to 100% by weight of the constituent may be used in favorable cases, i.e. in the presence of binders of the basic raw material component. Accordingly, the proportion of binder varies between 15 and 0% by weight, but will preferably be between 4.6 and 9.4% by weight. In a number of ways to consolidate waste incineration residues and incineration in power plants, in most cases the following substances are used as binder: cement, water glass, pozzolan, lime or gypsum. Strengthening methods based on these insulators lead to the formation of a silicate or aluminate skeleton which enters chemical bonds with the inorganic components of the waste and thus not only strengthens the material, but also the potentially dangerous substances present / Chemical binding occurs mainly due to the negative reaction charged surfaces of silicates or aluminates with positively charged metal ions present in dissolved form. Practical experiments have shown that best results are obtained, also in terms of energy consumption, when using slaked or quicklime.

One of the long-known methods is to chemically stabilize soils with calcium oxide, i.e. lime or calcium hydroxide. Most soils contain large quantities of silicic acid or colloidal aluminosilicates. Mixing these soils with lime also results in pozzolanic reactions, in which calcium silicates and calcium aluminates, which have a binding and strengthening effect, are formed. The calcium oxide used reacts with water and this reaction is associated with the surface enlargement in such a way that the non-volatile pollutants bind into the resulting solid hydroxyalcium lime. The reaction has the disadvantage that it takes place during the development of heat, whereby any readily volatile components are released. The calcium hydroxide formed also has a relatively high water solubility and is not a stable final product. Curing is only possible by reacting with carbon dioxide in the air. This process produces a more stable calcium carbonate:

Ca (OH) 2 + CO 2 = CaCO 3 + HgO

This reaction can be greatly accelerated by using a carbon dioxide gas atmosphere. On the principle of reinforcement by means of a pellet, the production of sand-lime bricks according to Austrian Patent Specification No. 295 381 is also based.

The water required for the processes described, which also ensures the required fluidity of the mixture, is added to the dry mixture in a weight ratio of water: 1: 0.05 to 1: 0.25, whereupon all the components are thoroughly mixed and mixed. The most favorable mixing ratio resulting from the experiments is between 1: 0.08 to 1: 0.16. Subsequently, the wet mixture is compressed into any building elements, blocks and the like, solid or hollow bodies. The pressing pressure used varies depending on the starting materials of their ratio in the mixture in a very wide range. Thus, with a basic raw material constituent of the fired clay in the production of insulating materials, only a pressure of 3 MPa may be required, whereas for building materials based on fly ash from electro-filters a pressure between 26 and 54 MPa is required, up to 160 MPau of waste-based building materials from manufacturing brick and tile tiles.

The final step is finally to hydrothermally cure the molded elements, whereby the mixture crystallizes by crystallization. A temperature in the range of 55 to 90 ° C is used and the curing time is about 3.5 to 7.5 hours. However, hydrothermal curing can also be carried out at temperatures exceeding 11 ° C. 100 ° C under overpressure pores, for example in an autoclave, in order to save time in a continuous autoclave with simultaneous filling and emptying. Preferably, a temperature of between 170 and 180 ° C is used and the processing time is approximately 3 to 7 hours.

Curing of products with steam overpressure is only possible with saturated steam. Superheated steam would be a good idea, since it would take the process moisture from the mixture for chemical reactions. The treatment is advantageously carried out in a steel pressure chamber with a circular or right-angled cross-section of up to 40 m in length. In order to make the best use of auto-clutches, as autoclaves are the technological determinant of autoclaves in the production of silicate concrete, pressure vessels are used which can be opened on both sides. In these so-called continuous autoclaves, the formed elements are inserted into the open autoclave on one side for curing, while the cured products are removed from the opposite end of the autoclave. Filling and emptying of continuous autoclaves takes approximately half the time of autoclaves opened on only one side. EXAMPLES Next, the use of several starting materials for the production of building materials according to the invention, which has already been experimentally verified, will be explained in several examples. These are: - concrete drying - fly ash from electric filters - waste from separation of magnesite - arid clay - waste from the production of bricks and ceramics - slag from coal combustion - 12 -

Briefly, they will also be given if the chemical and physical-mechanical properties of these materials are ascertained, and the properties of the building materials made from these raw materials. In this case, the choice of the respective technological conditions, that is, the pressing pressure, the lime content, the temperature and the curing time, is also precisely monitored on a case-by-case basis and changes are made to these conditions. Example 1

A mixture of 90.6 to 95.4 wt. activated concrete debris and 4.6 to 9.4 wt. the lime hydrate is homogenized and water is added in a ratio of water: 1: 0.08 to 1: 0.12. The mixture is molded by compression and then thermally cured: a compression pressure of 40-90 MPa

- curing temperature 90 ° and 170 ° C - curing time 4,5 - 7 hours

For the production of hollow blocks with dimensions of 32.0 x 28.0 x 24.0 cm: 19.872 kg activated concrete debris 2.062 kg lime hydrate 1.755 kg water

Other technological conditions: - pressing pressure 40 MPa

- curing temperature 90 ° C - curing time 6 hours

The hollow block produced in the manner described has the following structural physical properties: - compressive strength a) after 24 hours b) after 28 days - specific gravity - water absorption 25.6 MPa29.3 MPa1.020 kg / m315.2% - 13 Example 2

For the production of hollow blocks with dimensions of 32.0 x 28.0 x 24.0 cm the following components were used: 20.925 kg activated concrete debris 1.009 kg lime hydrate 1.755 kg water

Other technological conditions: - pressing pressure 75 MPa

- curing temperature 90 ° C - curing time 6 hours

The hollow block produced as described above has the following structural physical properties: - compressive strength a) after 24 hours b) after 28 days - specific gravity - water absorption 23,2 MPa28,6 MPa1,020 kg / m314,92% Example 3

For the production of NP bricks with dimensions of 25.0 x 12.0 x 6.5 cms, the following components were used: 3.779 kg activated concrete debris 0.199 kg lime hydrate 0.400 kg water

Other technological conditions: - pressing pressure 90 MPa

- Curing temperature 90 ° C - Curing time 7 hours

The hollow block produced as described above has the following structural physical properties: - compressive strength a) after 24 hours b) after 28 days - specific gravity - water absorption 20,6 MPa28,2 MPa2.040 kg / m315,80% - 14 -

While simple hydrothermal curing of the molding elements has been used in the previous examples, the following examples refer to autoclave curing: Example 4

For the production of hollow blocks with dimensions of 32.0 x 28.0 x 24.0 cm, the following components were used according to a predetermined formulation (Examples 1-3): 19.372 kg activated concrete debris 2.062 kg lime hydrate 1.755 kg water

Other technological conditions: - pressing pressure 40 MPa

curing temperature (autoclave) 170 ° C - curing time 6 hours

The hollow block produced in the manner described has the following structural-physical properties: - compressive strength a) after 24 hours b) after 28 days - specific gravity - water absorption Example 5

The following components were used for the production of hollow 24.0 cm according to a predetermined formulation: 20.925 kg activated concrete debris 1.009 kg lime hydrate 1.755 kg water

Other technological conditions: - pressing pressure 75 MPa

- curing temperature (autoclave) 170 ° C - curing time 6 hours 30,1 MPa32,0 MPa1,025 kg / rn ^ 14,3% blocks with dimensions 32,0 x 28,0 x - 15 -

The hollow block produced in the manner described has the following structural physical properties: - compressive strength a) after 24 hours b) after 28 days - specific gravity - water absorption 22.3 MPa 24.2 MPa 1.030 kg / rn ^ 14.2% Example 6

For the production of NP bricks with dimensions of 25.0 x 12.0 x 6.5 cms, the following components were used: 3.779 kg activated concrete rubble0.199 kg lime hydrate0.400 kg water

Other technological conditions: - pressing pressure 90 MPa

curing temperature (autoclave) 170 ° C - curing time 7 hours

The hollow block produced in the manner described has the following structural physical properties: - compressive strength a) after 24 hours b) after 28 days - specific gravity - water absorption 36.2 MPa38.4 MPa2.040 kg / nP14.50%

The physico-mechanical properties of the building materials produced according to the invention depend on the tribomechanical activation of the concrete debris and on the selected process process conditions. Example 7

Fly ash 2 of electric filters.

For these experiments, fly ash 2 electrofilters were selected with the following chemical and physical mechanical properties: wt.

SiO2 Á12O3

Fe2O3

CaO

MgO

Na2O k2o P2 ° 5

MgO

TiO2

BaO sulphates SO ^ sulphides SO ^ loss of annealinghumidity 57,60 16,87 6,30 5,47 1,70 0,32 1,28 0,06 0,08 1,28 0,48 0,99 0,00 6, 50 0,96 * y2cical mechanical properties: - specific weight of be2 pores and voids, g / cnP 2,19 - specific gravity, kg / m ^ a) bulk density 467 b) after compression 829 - specific surface cm / g 2,831 - granulometric test - 2 sieves,% - 0.063 mm 20 - 0.080 mm 10 - 0.090 mm 8 - 0.125 mm 2 - 17 - - 0.250 mm - 0.500 mm

For the following experiments, the hydrothermal curing method was chosen as the method of production. In addition to this method, the following technological conditions have also been experimentally changed: - compression pressure at molding 26 - 54 MPa - wt. hydrated lime content 2.2 - 7.8%

- temperature during hydrothermal curing 56 - 84 ° C - time of hydrothermal curing 276 - 444 minutes In combination of the above mentioned technological parameters it has been shown that the following properties can be used for the production of building materials: - compressive strength after 24 hours - strength in pressure after 28 days - specific weight of solid block - specific weight of hollow block - water absorption - coefficient of thermal conductivity 2.3 - 10.0 MPa 3.3 - 10.5 MPa1.500 kg / m ^

750 kg / nP

24-29% λ = 0.22 W / mK

Building materials which have been manufactured with the above-mentioned physical and mechanical properties can be used as bricks or blocks for the construction of objects the walls of which are covered by another shell. Significant savings can be made in the production of building materials in this way, as compared to conventional brick production, 15.2 times less energy is required. Example 8

Waste from magnesite separation.

The magnesite separation waste is still a growing problem in many countries due to the amount of this waste. Previous experiments using this material as an additive in the manufacture of building materials have not yielded positive results. However, by means of tribomechanic activation, the structure of this material can be changed and its properties - 18 - adapted to the requirements of the production of building materials. Prior to actuation, the waste was comminuted to a grain size of 0-4 mm. Result of chemical analysis of waste from magnesite separation:% mass SiO2 27,51 A12O3 1,12 Fe2 ° 3 4,84 CaO 1,37 MgO 37,79 sulphates SO ^ 0,04 sulphides SO ^ 0,10 k2o 0,01 Ka20 0 , 07 loss by annealing 26.25 humidity 1.02 total (% w / w): 100.12

Physical-mechanical properties of activated magnesite separation waste: - specific weight without pores and voids, g / cnr 2,66

- specific weight, kg / mJ a) bulk density 879 b) after compression 1.235 o - specific surface, cnr / g 1.610 - granulometric test - sieve residues: - 0.063 mm 98 & - 0.080 mm 86% - 0.090 mm 72% - 19 - - 0.125 mm 62% - 0.250 mm 44% - 0.500 mm 33% -0.710 mm 24% - 1,000 mm 16% - 2,000 mm 3%

The following technological conditions and their influence on the properties of the produced building materials were investigated: - pressing pressure during shaping - weight content of lime hydrate - temperature during hydrothermal curing - time of hydro thermal curing 40 - 110 MPa4,6 - 7,4% 68 - 82 ° C215 - 385 minutes physico-mechanical properties: - compressive strength after 24 hours - compressive strength after 28 days - specific mass of solid block - specific gravity of hollow block - water absorption - coefficient of thermal conductivity When combining the corresponding technological parameters, it was found that many possibilities of making building materials from this material.

Buildings of this building material must be provided with a plaster or other material sheath.

The tested waste materials have the following 8.3 - 18.7 MPa11.0 - 24.8 MPa2.030 kg / m ^ 1.020 kg / nP15.1 - 18.7% λ = 0.250

The energy consumption for the production of building materials from tribo-mechanically activated magnesite separation waste is 13.33 times less than the energy consumption of conventional building materials. Example 9

Wastes from the production of bricks and building ceramics.

Various samples of materials, such as those produced as fragments in the production of bricks, have been used for these experiments, and others such as those produced as building drying in demolition buildings. The disposal of these wastes, especially in large built-up areas, is problematic, and the possibilities for use or other regulation of these wastes are somewhat limited.

However, tribomechanical activation allows re-evaluation of these materials by their use in the manufacture of building materials.

The waste is coarsely ground to 0-4 mm in size before activation. The following characteristics of activated waste were found: a

AND

Chemical composition of activated brick and roof tile waste:% wt.

SiO2 59.43 Al2 ° 3 22.47 TiO2 0.63 Fe2 ° 3 3.93 FeO 0.76 MnO 0.06 MgO 1.50 CaO 3.16 Na20 0.25 K20 1.43 P2O5 trace sulfates SO ^ 0 , 63 sulphides SO3 0,13 - 21 - annealing loss 4,27 moisture content 1,30 total (% w / w):

Physical mechanical properties - specific gravity without pores and voids, g / cm3 - specific gravity kg / m a) bulk density b) after compression o - surface area, cm / g ~ granulometric test - sieve residue,% 99,95 2, 60 520 748 5.430 - 0.063 mm 86 - 0.080 mm 71 - 0.090 mm 60 - 0.125 mm 48 - 0.250 mm 26 - 0.500 mm 16 - 0.710 mm 12

The following technological parameters were investigated: - pressing pressure during shaping - mass content of lime hydrate - temperature during hydrothermal curing - time of hydrothermal curing 90 - 160 MPa3,6 - 6,4% 56 - 84 ° C258 - 342 minutes building materials with the following properties: - compressive strength after 24 hours - compressive strength after 28 days - specific density of solid block - water absorption - coefficient of thermal conductivity 12,4 - 24,6 MPa19,6 - 30,4 MPa1.720 kg / m318.0 - 23.5%

λ = 0.225 W / mK - 22

Building materials produced in this way can be used for building objects whose walls are covered with plaster or other materials.

Energy consumption in the production of these building materials is 15 times lower than in conventional building materials production. Example 10

Slag The subject of these experiments was slag, which is a waste of coal burning, district heating boiler rooms, boiler rooms in general and households. Transporting and storing this slag is expensive and environmentally friendly. The slag is occasionally used for the production of concrete, for so-called slag-concrete. The material thus produced has a very high specific gravity and therefore requires changes to the static projects. Prior to activation, the slag was coarsely ground to a grain size of 0-4 mm. Chemical analysis yielded the following results:

Chemical composition of activated slag% mass

FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na2O K90 P2O5 53.25 16.20 0.16 6.12 0.10 0.25 4.66 8.10 2.14 2.10 0.25 - 23 - SO3 sulphides SO3 0.45 0.20 loss by annealing 3.74 Moisture 2.40 Total (% w / w) 100.12

Physical-mechanical properties of activated slag: - specific gravity without pores and cavities, g / cnP 2,45 - specific gravity kg / nr a) bulk density 530 b) after compression 690 2 - specific surface, cm / g 3420 - granulometric test - residues on sieve, - 0.063 mm 83 - 0.080 mm 70 - 0.090 mm 58 - 0.125 mm 46 - 0.250 mm 28 - 0.500 mm 14 - 0.710 mm 6

Investigation of possibilities of production of building materials from tribomachane activated slag. In these tests, the following parameters were investigated: - Pressing pressure during shaping - Weight content of lime hydrate - Temperature during hydrothermal curing - Hydrothermal curing time 57 - 93 MPa2,2 - 7,8% 56 - 84 ° C276 - 444 minutes - 24 - At building materials with the following properties were made by choosing the appropriate parameters: - compressive strength after 24 hours - compressive strength after 28 days - specific mass of solid block - specific gravity of hollow block - water absorption - coefficient of thermal conductivity 11.8 - 21.4 MPa 19.2 - 24.8 MPa1.900 kg / m ^ 1.000 kg / m ^

18.2 - 23.4% λ = 0.24 W / mK

Building materials with these properties are suitable for the construction of buildings whose walls are protected by additional, sheathing.

Energy consumption in the production of these building materials is 14.2 times lower than in conventional building materials production. The following table shows that the energy used to make a wall of tribomechanically produced faces is several times lower than that of conventional building materials. All walls meet the requirements of building insulation standards. The energy consumption of a 1 m ^ wall structure is insignificant for all three climatic zones, so considerable energy savings or building costs can be achieved by using tribomechanically produced building materials. - 25 -

Comparative table of perimeter wall structures according to the climatic zones in terms of energy consumed: built-in climatic technology- index example construction description zone k% energy kW / m2 1. - cladding plaster, 2.5 cm I 63.8 100 blocks of 70,9 100 - lime plaster, 2 cm III 77,5 100 2. - heat insulating seals, 4 cm I 86,6 136 waste blocks in the separation of magnesite, produced tribomechanically II 92,2 130 - lime plaster, 2 cm III 99,4 128 3. - "Jubizol" with polystyrene I 311,6 388 - building bricks, 25 cm II 319,6 351 - lime plaster, 2 cm III 323, 6 317 4. - '' Jubizol 'with polystyrene I 283,6 344 - reinforced concrete, 20 cm II 291,6 311 - lime plaster, 2 cm III 295,6 281 - 26 - coat plaster, 2,5 cm <I 107 , 0 168 - lightweight concrete blocks, 20 cm II 119,5 169 - lime plaster, 2 cm III 132,0 170

In all of the above examples, lime hydrate was bonded. This gave the best results. Roof tiles made using Portland cement also show good properties. In principle, however, all the binders mentioned are useful in the process of the invention. Chemical composition of lime hydrate by weight. loss by annealing at 1.000 ° C 23.10 humidity at 120 ° C 0.13 crystal water at 600 ° C 20.79 co2 2.20 SiO2 + insoluble residues 0.14 Fe2 ° 3 0.14 ^ 2θ3 0.09 CaO 74 , 50 MgO 1,55 S ° 3 0,10 Na20 0,29 k2o 0,05 P2O5 0,02 MnO 0,01 TiO2 0,02 active CaO + MgO content 94,35 total (% wt.) 100,03 - He represents: -. ^; Ing ^ Jiři CHLUSTINA 'patents, researches, translations -t' 'Hviakarenkova 47 .120 00 Praha 2-Vinohrady 7' phone 25 27 39

Claims (8)

PATENT N to R C 2. 2. 3. 3. 27 A building material for the manufacture of shaped pieces and prefabricated elements, such as bricks, slabs, beams, tubes and the like, consisting of a base component of 85 to 100 wt.%, Preferably 90.6 to 95.4 wt. , preferably slaked or non-slaked lime, representing 0 to 15% by weight, preferably 4.6 to 9.4% by weight, and water in an amount corresponding to the weight ratio of the base component and the binder to 1: 0.05 to 1: 0.25, characterized in that the basic component consists of activated households / or industrial wastes, in particular slags and fly ash, waste incineration plants or power plants, brick and / or concrete debris, or wastes from the production of bricks and / or concrete which is tribomechanically activated. A method for producing a building composition according to claim 1, in particular for producing fittings such as bricks, slabs, beams, tubes and the like, characterized in that it is between 85 and 100% by weight, preferably 90.6 to 95.4% by weight. the basic component, which consists of household and / or industrial waste, in particular slags and waste incineration or power plant debris, brick / or concrete debris, or wastes from the production of brick / or concrete and the like, is activated tribomechanically, then optionally, % is mixed with 0-15% by weight, preferably 4.6-9.4% by weight. binders, preferably slaked or quick-lime, and the mixture with water is compressed to the desired shape and hydrothermally cured. 2. A process according to claim 2, wherein the mixing water is added in a weight ratio of mixture to water of 1: 0.05 to 1: 0.25, preferably in a ratio of 1: 0.08 to 1: 0.16. . - 28 - 4. A method according to claim 2, wherein the particles of the baffle component are first milled to a maximum particle size of 4 mm by means of mechanical devices such as crushers or hammer mills. 5. A method according to claim 2, wherein each particle of the base component is subjected to at least 0.05 seconds for at least three impacts of the impact bodies moving at a rate of at least 15 m / sec. 6. A method according to claim 2, wherein the pressing pressure is in the range of 3 to 160 MPa. 7. A process according to claim 2, wherein the hydro-thermal curing is carried out at a temperature between 56 and 90 [deg.] C. for a period of time ranging from 3.5 to 7.5 hours. 8. A process according to claim 2 wherein the hydrothermal curing is carried out at a steam pressure and temperatures above 100 DEG C. for a period of time ranging from 3 to 7 hours. Represented by: íngTliříCHLUSTINA Patents, reSeršs, preklodyMakarenkova 47 120 00 Praha 2-Vinohrady tel t ΟίΤ Π- »ΛΛ · tel. ' 25 27 39