CS241379B1 - Driving unit for extractors with vibrating levels - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a drive unit for extractors with vibrating floors with the floors running in the same direction or the opposite direction, with an electric linear oscillating motor 1 which is supplied from the mains via a static converter 6. The static converter for the electric linear oscillating motor is connected, via a frequency input Fd, to the frequency output on a regulating arrangement 5. A measuring member 4 is connected via its input to the armature of the electric linear oscillating motor 1 and via its output to the input of the regulating arrangement 5. The motor 1 is fastened to a system of floors 38 in the extractor 3 via a mechanical connecting link 2. The drive unit according to the invention can advantageously by used for all types of vibrating extractors and in particular for extractors with automatic operation regulation, for installations regulated manually via actuating units, or for apparatus which is connected to a process computer. <IMAGE>

Description

Drive unit for oscillating-deck vibration extractors with common motion and counter-motion of floors with oscillating linear electric motor, fed via a controlled converter from the distribution network. The static converter of the oscillating linear electric motor is connected by a frequency input to the frequency output of the regulator, the measuring element is connected by an input to the armature of the oscillating linear electric motor and the output to the input of the regulator.

The drive unit can be advantageously used for all types of oscillating extractors, in particular for extractors with automatic operation control, manually controlled by controllers or connected to a control computer.

Fig. 1

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a drive unit for oscillating tray extractors, enabling the amplitude and / or frequency and / or the product of the amplitude and frequency of the oscillating paths of the trays within the extractor to be varied continuously.

Linear oscillating movement of a set of punched trays positioned over the height of a vertical column [column] extractor causes countercurrent or co-current contact of two or more non-quenching or sparingly miscible liquids, one of the sparingly miscible liquids being dispersed into the other in small droplets or granular solid phase. The drive unit located outside the column imparts a oscillating motion to the trays. In order to achieve high extractor volumetric performance in terms of volume of processed liquids per unit of time and high extraction efficiency, for example in terms of the ratio of the extracted component concentrations in the inlet and outflow of the extracted liquid or granular solid phase, it is important spine. Under optimum operating conditions, these optimum values may vary due to variations in the amount and composition of the input currents, and it is therefore necessary to be able to regulate the amplitude and frequency of the oscillation path to new setpoints. In the first approach, the power and efficiency of the extractor are influenced not independently by the amplitude and frequency of the oscillation path, but by the product of these values, namely the amplitude of the oscillation speed. Thus, the extractor can be controlled either by varying the amplitude of the oscillation path at a constant frequency or by changing the frequency at a constant amplitude of the oscillation path, but also by simultaneously changing both quantities to set the desired value of their product. The latter control method makes it easier to apply optimization modes, such as operation with minimum energy input. However, in the prior art extractors with a kinetic motion of the trays, only the first two control methods are used.

The movable part of the oscillating tray extractors is a set of stacked horizontal plates, trays provided with openings of different shape and size. The trays move inside the extractor barrel. Usually, the trays are rigidly connected to each other and attached to a drive which gives them a common oscillating movement in the vertical direction. Some of these types of extractors are described in U.S. Patent 2,011,186, Germany Patent 1,066,543, Cs. 106 313, 132 022, AO 156 164. A type of extractor having counter-moving floors (CS. 139 895) has been found to be particularly advantageous for implementation in large dimensions, in which adjacent trays are connected to - different support bars and act oscillating. movement of the same frequency and amplitude of the oscillation path, but shifted 180 ° in phase.

Current oscillating-floor extractors are all driven by a crank mechanism and an eccentric. Adjustment of the oscillation path amplitude is ensured by an eccentrically adjustable eccentricity of the eccentric, the frequency variability being achieved either by connecting the eccentric with a constant speed rotary electric motor via a variable gear transmission or by using a variable speed electric motor or a variable speed hydraulic motor. In an extractor with a counter-motion of two sets of trays, two eccentrics rotated 180 ° are then used, each of the eccentrics imparting an oscillating motion to one half of the trays.

The described drive solutions of the oscillating-floor extractor have a number of disadvantages. The basic rotational speed of the rotary electric motors is high compared to the desired oscillating frequency of the plates, and therefore the transmission ratio of the mechanical transmission devices must be high. Such transmission devices are complex and have considerable energy losses. In electric motors with variable speed control, the power and efficiency of the drive decreases rapidly with decreasing speed. In practice, only the frequency of the pulses of the tray system can be controlled while the extractor is running; for a simultaneous continuous change in the amplitude of the oscillation path of the deck system, a complex special device would be needed to complicate the drive of the extractor, reduce its reliability and increase energy consumption. For this reason, a reliable mechanical device for simultaneously adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the oscillation path is not yet known, which prevents the use of optimization modes resulting from such a control method. Also, the drive of the hydraulic motor brings considerable energy losses and, moreover, does not provide sufficient stability of the rotational speed. When actuating these actuators remotely, servomotors must be used, leading to cumbersome systems with poor dynamic characteristics.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a propulsion unit for oscillating-deck oscillators with concurrent motion and counter-motion of the trays, consisting of a known single-action or double-acting oscillating linear electric motor controlled by an electronic peripheral. further fixedly connected to the movable part of the sensor which is part of the measuring member. The electrical signal from the measuring element is fed to a controller connected to the electronic periphery of the oscillating linear electric motor. The electronic periphery consists of a static converter connected to the mains and supplying an electric motor, connected to the controller by frequency and path input. The measuring member consists of a known inductive or a Cs magnetic sensor. AO 233 252 with an associated peripheral, which is coupled to a correction member transmitting information about the frequency and amplitude of the armature vibration path to the controller. The controller consists of a programming part in which the control mode is selected, a frequency and / or path and / or speed part that regulate the oscillation frequency, the oscillation path amplitude and the oscillation speed amplitude to a selected constant value according to information from the measuring member. The controller may also be equipped with auto-oscillation feedback to enable frequency adaptive control mode. The coupling comprises a vertical slidably mounted linkage coupled flexibly to a linkage carrying a stack of oscillating plates and to a linkage carrying an anchor of the electric motor, further springs fastened one end to the linkage linkage and the other end to adjustable pads to adjust the rest position and spring. In an extractor with counter-motion of the trays, the connecting member consists of two vertical sliding bars connected flexibly to two bars carrying both sub-sets of plates, and an isosceles rocker to the ends of which both vertical bars are attached. A tie rod carrying an anchor of the oscillating linear electric motor is attached to the rocker and imparts a oscillating movement in the vertical plane. The drive unit according to the invention has been able to remedy the above-mentioned drawbacks of the vibration extractor drives used so far.

The progress achieved by the invention consists in providing an extremely simple, economical, economical and very reliable drive unit that can be operated in operation, which is structurally extremely simple. simply control and automatically regulate with good dynamic quality, even with independent control of path amplitude and oscillation frequency.

The drive control system allows three operating modes to be implemented: In the first, the drive operates at the vibration path amplitude reference value and at the frequency reference value. In the second, it operates at the setpoint of the amplitude of the oscillation speed (proportional to the product of the path amplitude and the frequency). In the third, frequency adaptive, the amplitude of the oscillation path is regulated to the set point ¹ immediately and the frequency automatically adapts to the resonant frequency of the driven system. This ensures minimal drive power at all times. A synchronous type is preferably used as the oscillating linear electric motor.

The current state of development of oscillating linear electric motors is characterized by the following inventions: MS. AO · 121,299, 127,628, 160,185, 124,281, 132,055, 143,871 and 160,473.

Examples of the drive arrangement according to the invention are explained in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is an overall diagram of the drive unit; Fig. 2 is a diagram of the basic embodiment of the controller; Fig. 5 is a diagram of the construction of the coupling built into the oscillating linear motor; and Fig. 6 is a diagram of the construction of the coupling for the extractor with counter-motion of the trays.

Figure 1 shows an overall diagram of the drive unit for oscillating tray extractors. The single-action or double-action oscillating linear electric motor 1 is connected by means of a mechanical coupling member 2 to the tray set of the extractor 3, which it 'sets' into oscillating motion. The resulting movement is indicated by the measuring member 4 and converted to a signal S, which enters the regulator 5. The regulator 5 also sets the selected mode, Q and some of the desired quantities: the desired oscillation frequency, F _dw , the desired oscillation path amplitude Y _mw , or Vibration speed amplitude reference, V _mw . The output signal of regulator 5 controls a static converter S connected to line 7, which supplies motor 1.

Figure 2 shows schematically the basic embodiment of the controller a. coupling of its elements with other elements of the powerplant. The oscillating linear electric motor 1, fed from the controlled static converter 8, connected to the distribution network 7, is connected by a mechanical coupling 2 to the extractor tray set 38. The mechanical oscillations of the extractor tray set 38 are sensed by the first input 8el of the oscillation sensor 8. measure, according to the used principle, the path, velocity or acceleration of mechanical oscillations. The oscillation sensor 8 is connected via a second input 8e2 to a peripheral block 9, the function of which depends on the physical principle of the oscillation sensor 8. For example, in differential inductive oscillation path sensing, it is a carrier wave generator, when using a transducer with a foreign-excited magnetic circuit, it is a source of excitation current. The output signal of the oscillation sensor 8 enters a correction element 19, the function of which depends on the physical principle of the oscillation sensor 8. For example, in differential inductive oscillation path sensing it provides amplitude detection of the carrier wave, in another type of sensing it can amplify the output signal of the oscillation sensor 8 or correct the transmission characteristic of the oscillator. The output signal S from the correction member 10 is applied to the input 11e of the programming member 11, allowing the selection of variations of the operating mode Q.

When driving to the desired Ymw vibration path amplitude and the desired operating frequency

F _dw , the signal S proportional to the time course of the sensed kinematic variable (path, velocity, or acceleration) of the oscillations is fed into the path amplitude control channel A _y , for the speed amplitude control channel A _v and the frequency control channel F are locked by the speed block llabv and the frequency blocking output llabf of the programming member 11 by signals bv and b. Signal b _v blocks gate 12 to prevent the velocity amplitude reference signal V _{raw from} entering the system. The gates 13 and 14 are unblocked by the signals b _y and b _t for the signals of said setpoints Y _mw and F _dw . Thus, only the path amplitude control channel Ay is operable through which the signal S is fed via the path output llay of the programming member 11 to the path correction and amplitude modulation member 15. In the member, the S signal is converted into a signal proportional to the path oscillations and amplitude are detected. The detected signal y _rfi , proportional to the instantaneous amplitude of the oscillation path, is compared in the path amplitude differential Dy with the desired amplitude of the oscillation path Ymw, and the resulting path control deviation e _y affects the path control correction 16 of integral nature (usually PI). The correction output variable n _H acts on the path input 6ey of the controlled converter 6, adjusting the supply voltage for the oscillating linear electric motor 1 so as to compensate for the control deviation at a practically zero value. Frequency control to the setpoint frequency Fdw is independent and therefore not feedback. The frequency is controlled by the input of the desired operating frequency Fdw by a control frequency generator 17 whose output signal fj controls the frequency input 6ef of the controlled converter 6 affecting the frequency of the supply voltage for the oscillating linear electric motor 1.

When controlling the setpoint value of the vibration velocity amplitude V _mw , the signal S is applied with. path, velocity and frequency output, llay, llav and Ilaf, programming member 11 to all three control channels, Ay, Av and F. Signal b _v unlocks speed gate 12 for inputting the desired vibration velocity amplitude Vmw into the system; runway exit troughs programming locking member 11 is in the track gate 13 is locked reference input oscillation amplitude path Y _{ni, V,} and unblocking the inlet of the control signal and the feedback signal y _MW · _T b is within the frequency gate 14 previously input desired operating frequency F w _Cl. The channel of velocity amplitude regulation A _v becomes the superior. The signal S supplied to it through the programming member 11 is converted into a signal proportional to the waveform velocity (according to the type of 8-wave sensor used) in the velocity correction and amplitude modulation member 18 and detected in amplitude. The output signal in _m , proportional to the instantaneous amplitude of the oscillation speed, is compared in the velocity amplitude differential Dv with the setpoint value of the amplitude of the oscillation speed

The resulting speed control deviation e _v is introduced into the speed control correction 19. This control correction 19 has two channels, a frequency channel 191 and a path channel 192, both of an integral nature (usually PI). The fast path channel 192 acts with its output action variable y _nnv in the path of the path amplitude control Ay. This quantity y _imv here acts as the instantaneous path amplitude reference. oscillations and via the path amplitude differential D, - with the output path control deviation o, induces the dynamic component of the speed control deviation ev.

Frequency channel 191 is slow relative to track channel 192 '. The output variable fdw of frequency channel 191 represents the instantaneous operating frequency reference in channel F of the frequency control. In this case, the operating frequency is controlled by means of a signal f at the output of the evaluating member evaluating the instantaneous operating frequency. The signal f. Proportional to this quantity is compared in the frequency differential D ₍ · with the instantaneous setpoint of the operating frequency f. _Hv) and the resulting frequency control deviation is compensated by the frequency control correction 21 of integral nature (usually P1I controlling the control frequency generator 17). It slowly changes the operating frequency of the drive, so that only the quasi-stationary components of the speed control deviation e, are compensated by the frequency control. The operating frequency information can also be switched to this instrument 39. The control disturbances affecting the drive and causing, the control deviations are mainly changes in the amplitude-voltage uim of the supply network, currency frequency of this network 7 and changes in technological quantities and parameters of oscillating mechanism of extractor 3. marked symbols, z ..

Figure 3 is a schematic of introducing auto-oscillation feedback into the basic embodiment of the controller of Figure 2. In the mode with automatic control of the amplitude of the oscillation path to the setpoint Ymw, this coupling provides frequency adaptability. The programming member 11 is additionally provided with a channel auto-oscillation output 11a .:. AOF of the auto-oscillation feedback 22, which feeds the desired operating frequency Fdw through the frequency gate 14 to the control frequency generator 17. The auto-oscillation feedback channel AOF 22 synchronizes the control frequency generator 17 with the periodic variable zero signal passages, thereby continuously adjusting the operating frequency to the instantaneous resonant frequency of the driven extractor tray set 3. Similarly, the frequency adaptive mode can be introduced with automatic control on the amplitude velocity setpoint.

Figure 4 shows a diagram of the mechanical coupling 2 in an arrangement for the concurrent movement of the extractor trays, consisting of two mutually fixed horizontal plates 23 and 25 between which sliding bearings are located on the vertical axis and 26 through which the shaft 2 '7 passes. The plate 23 is rigidly coupled to the oscillating linear motor 1. The plate 25 is rigidly coupled to the extractor 3, whose plurality of plates 38 to which the oscillating movement is imparted is flexibly connected by a shaft 27 and a length adjustable clutch 29 to the armature 28 of the oscillating linear electric motor 1. Between the plates 23 and coaxial with the shaft 27 is located a spring 30, one end of which is fixed to the plate 25. The spring 33 is mounted on an adjusting screw 32 to compensate for the gravity force of the deck assembly 38 and electric motor 1.

Figure 5 shows a structure diagram of a mechanical coupling 2 built into a double-acting oscillating linear electric motor 1. The spring 38 is housed in a cavity of this electric motor 1 comprising plates 23 and 25. One end of the spring 30 is fixed to the shaft 27 of the oscillating linear electric motor 1. ko-

Claims (9)

SUBJECT 1. Drive unit for oscillating-deck oscillators with common motion and counter-motion of floors with oscillating linear electric motor, fed via a controlled converter from the distribution network, characterized in that the static converter (6) of the oscillating linear electric motor (1) is connected by frequency input (6ef) with a frequency output (fd) by a controller (5), the measuring member (4) being connected by an input (8el) to the armature [28] of the oscillating linear electric motor (1) and the output (S) to the input (lle) of the regulator; 1) is connected to the extractor tray set (3) by a mechanical coupling (2). 2. The drive unit according to claim 1, the measuring member of which comprises an oscillator sensor and a respective peripheral block, characterized in that the oscillator sensor (8) is connected to a correction member (10) whose output [S] is connected to input (lle). the regulator (5). Drive unit according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the controller (5) consists of a programming element (11) whose frequency output (Haf) is connected to a frequency evaluation element (20) coupled to a frequency differential (D _f). ), coupled to a frequency control correction (21) connected to the first input [17el] of the control frequency generator (17) fed to the frequencies of the spring 30 is attached to a horizontal ring plate 31 centered by the shaft 27 and connected to the plates 23 and 25 with spacers 32 through the openings 33 in the anchors 28 of the double-acting oscillating linear electric motor 1. The screws 32 can be used to adjust the height of the plate 31 and thus the rest position of the entire oscillating deck assembly 38. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the coupling member 2 for the extractor counter-motion tray. Here, two parallel shafts 27 are mounted in the plates 23 and 25 in bearings 24 and 26. Coaxial with the shafts 27 are cylindrical springs 33 attached on one side to the shafts 27 and on the other to the plates 31, connected by spacer screws 32 to the plate 25 the biases of the springs 30 can be adjusted. The shafts 27 are flexibly connected at one end to the tray assembly 38 of the extractor 3. At the other end they are connected via rods 35 and a three-arm rocker 36 to an armature 28 of a linear electric motor 1 firmly connected to a plate 23 to which it is attached a rocker arm 37. The drive unit according to the invention can advantageously be used for all types of oscillating extractors, in particular for extractors with automatic operation control, manually controlled by controllers or connected to a control computer. invention of the external input (6ef) of the controlled converter (6), while the frequency differential (D _ø ) is simultaneously connected to the frequency channel (191) of the speed control correction (19) and the second input (17e2) of the control frequency generator (17) (14) to the frequency blocking output (llabf) of the programming member (11), while the path output (llay) of the programming member (11) is input to the path correction and amplitude modulation member (15) coupled via the path amplitude differential (D _y ) to a path control correction (16) coupled to the path input (6ey) of the controlled transducer (6), wherein the path amplitude differential (D _y ) is also coupled to the path gate (13) whose first input (13el) is coupled to the path lockout output (llaby) of the programming member (11) and whose second input (13e2) is connected to the path (192) of the speed control correction (19), the speed output (llav) the programming member (11) is coupled to the rate correction and amplitude modulation member (18) coupled via the speed differential (D _v ) to the speed control correction (19) and the speed amplitude differential (D _v ) is also coupled to the speed gate (12) output to the speed lockout output (llabv) of the programming member (11). 4. Powerplant according to items 1 to. 3, characterized in that the programming element (111) is provided with a measuring output (ax) connected to an indicator (22) of the process variable. Drive unit according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that - the programming element (11) is provided with an auto-oscillation output (11ao) introduced into the auto-oscillation feedback (22) connected via a frequency gate (14) to a second input (17e2) ) of the control frequency generator (17). 6. The drive unit according to claim 1, for extractors having the same level of movement of the trays, characterized in that the connecting member (2) consists of horizontal plates (23) and (25) fixedly connected to one another in which bearings (24) are coaxially arranged. and (26) through which the shaft (27) passes, the plate (25) being rigidly connected to the extractor (3) and the shaft (27) flexibly connected to the extractor tray assembly (3) at one end while the plate (23) is firmly coupled to the stator of the oscillating linear electric motor (1) and the shaft (27) is flexibly connected to the anchor (28) of the oscillating linear electric motor (1) by a coupling (29) of adjustable length of joint and further between the plates (23) and (25) disposed coaxially with the shaft (27) is a cylindrical spring (30), one end of which is attached to the plate (25) or (23) and the other end is attached to the shaft (27), the plate (25) or (23) 1), the cylindrical spring (30) is fixed by means of an adjustable spring washers. (32). Drive unit according to Claim 6, characterized in that a plurality of springs (30) are fixed between the plates (23) and (25), fixedly connected by one end to the shaft (27), all of which are connected to one of the plates (23). ) or (25) or half connected to the other end of the plate (23) and half connected to the plate (25), each of the springs connected to the plate (23) corresponding to one of the springs connected to the plate (25) having the same Properties. Drive unit according to Claims 1 and 6, characterized in that the spring (30) is housed in the stator cavity of the oscillating linear electric motor (1) and the plates (23) and (25) form part of the stator of the motor (1). - (30) is attached to the anchor (28) of the oscillating linear electric motor (1) and the other end of the spring (30) is connected to a horizontal annular plate (31) centered by an anchor shaft (27) or motor anchors (28) (1) and which is connected to plates (23) and (25) by bolts (32) passing freely through holes (33) in the anchors (28) of the oscillating linear electric motor (1). ' Drive unit according to Claim 1, for extractors with counter-movement of the floors, characterized in that - the connecting member (2) consists of horizontal plates (23) and (25) fixed to each other, the plate (25) being fixedly connected to an extractor (3) and provided with two bearings (24) and the plate (23) is provided with two bearings (26) coaxial with the bearings (24) and further that the bearings (24) and (26) have shafts (27), cylindrical springs (30) fixed at one end to the shafts (27) and at the other end to the plate (31), bolted (32) to the plate (25) and further to the plate (23) are coaxially disposed with these shafts (27). are supported by horizontal bearings (37), in which an isosceler arm (36) is mounted, with ends of which flexibly connected with rods (35), which are flexibly connected to one end of the shafts (27) with the other end, 27) is flexibly connected to rods (34) supporting each half of the floors of the extractor (3); and Finally, an oscillating linear electric motor (1) is fastened to the plate (23), the armature (28) of which is flexibly connected to the rocker arm (36).