CS239508B1 - Feed for calves - Google Patents

Abstract

The feed is intended for feeding calves up to 3 months of age with reduced consumption of milk or milk feed mixtures. In comparison with the initial state, 35 to 40% of natural nitrogen concentrates and 100% of feed sugar are replaced in the feed with starch obduced with synthetic nitrogen concentrate. The proposed composition of the feed meets the requirement of its production in a homogeneous state on common feed production facilities. With appropriate feeding technology, the feed helps to develop the digestive system earlier, or to shorten the milk period, and thus to reduce the consumption of milk feed mixtures below JO kg per reared animal without a negative effect on the growth and development of calves.

Description

The invention relates to feed for calves in which a part of the natural concentrates of digestible nitrogenous substances and feed sugar are replaced by starch produced from a synthetic concentrate.

Currently, the main sources of nitrogenous substance concentrates (hereinafter N-substances) in feed mixtures for raising calves are crude extracted meal of the 1st quality group, especially soy, as well as animal feed such as fish meal, etc. Raising is ensured with the use of relatively high daily and total consumption of milk, or milk feed mixtures for raising calves (hereinafter MKS) per raised animal. The introduction of rational methods of raising calves, directed towards reducing MKS consumption, creates the need to produce feed mixtures with higher nutritional value, especially in the content of N-substances and energy, which compensate for the lower supply of nutrients in the form of MKS. While a core feed mixture containing 9-11% digestible nitrogenous substances (hereinafter SNL) and 50-60 starch units (hereinafter ŠJ) is fully sufficient for conventional calf rearing with a consumption of 40-50 kg of MKS per reared animal, raising calves using the early weaning method with a consumption of up to 25 kg of MKS requires a mixture for early weaning calves (hereinafter ŠOT) with a content of over 16% SNI and 60 ŠJ.

However, the current raw material balance of domestic and imported sources of N-substance concentrates does not cover the required production of feed mixtures of SOT with higher nutritional value, and this leads to stagnation in the expansion of rational methods of calf rearing. The production of these mixtures is centrally controlled and these are used mostly in plants with large-scale production technologies, where the traditional method of rearing, characterized by a long period of milk nutrition, cannot be implemented due to the applied construction and technical solutions and the necessity of adhering to the established feeding technique. If in these conditions there is no

- 2,239,508 lower supply of milk nutrients compensated by nutritionally high-quality feed mixtures of ČOT, calves suffer, which is reflected in low gains, higher morbidity, including premature culling, and the development of stunted and externally defective animals.

Experiments conducted in recent periods have demonstrated the possibility of replacing part of the natural N-substance concentrates in mixtures for calf rearing with a combination of synthetic sources of N-substances, primarily urea, and sources of natural simple sugars, such as feed sugar, molasses, or technologically modified and saccharified starches. This solution caused a number of technical problems with the production of these mixtures, especially with their homogeneity, which subsequently had a negative impact on the results of calf rearing. Therefore, these mixtures were accepted in practice with considerable distrust and did not become more widely used.

With regard to the need to further reduce the consumption of MKS for calf rearing, which positively contributes to reducing energy intensity and costs, increasing labor productivity and other factors for rearing, and also due to the limited possibility of ensuring sufficient natural sources of N-substance concentrates in relation to foreign exchange funds, the need arose for a new solution for the appropriate composition of core feed mixtures for calf rearing using domestic resources. In doing so, it was necessary to respect the specific physiological needs of calves with regard to the functional underdevelopment of the digestive tract and its development in the desired direction and adequate growth in the relevant periods of rearing.

The essence of the proposed solution is to reduce the content of natural N-substance concentrates such as extracted soybean meal and feed sugar, especially in mixtures of CHOT by replacing the concentrate of synthetic N-substances, especially urea, with a colloidal form of technologically modified starch from cereals or other crops, with a dry matter content of 40 - 60% N-substances and 10 - 20% reducing sugars. This involves replacing 15 - 20% of the required N-substance content in the mixture, or 35 - 40% of natural N-substance concentrates, and from a nutritional point of view, 100% of the feed sugar with the aforementioned synthetic source. Composition of the proposed feed for calves: starch-coated concentrate of synthetic N-substances 5 - 12%

- 3 extracted cake meals, especially 1st quality group cereals - wheat, barley, oats, etc. mill feed products - wheat bran, etc. dried forages vitamin-rich mineral feed additives biofactor supplement for calves

239,508

- 22% 42.5 - 72% 5-.10%

- 10%

- 2.5%%

Considering the physiology of calf digestion, starch-derived synthetic N-substance concentrate is a suitable source of SNI and energy, which, during gradual hydrolysis in the rumen, has a positive effect on microbial activity and the utilization of the feed ration. As a component of CHOT mixtures and with appropriate feeding technology, it helps to develop the foreguts earlier, which are an integral condition for shortening the lactation period and thus the required reduction in the consumption of MKS.

The proposed composition of calf feed meets the requirement of the possibility of production in a homogeneous form on common feed production equipment. The technology for the production of starch-obduced concentrate of synthetic N-substances has been solved and these are produced in sufficient quantities in our country under the trade names Syrur and Solur.

During the field testing of the proposed calf feed, there was no reduction in production efficiency compared to a similar mixture made from extracted soybean meal and feed sugar.

'Example 1

Feed testing. To verify the production efficiency of the proposed feed, calves with an average age of 11 days were taken and divided into 4 balanced groups of ten. Under identical other feeding conditions, i.e. the milking period lasted 28 days and the subsequent test period lasted 63 days, groups 1 and 2 were fed control mixtures and groups 3 and 4 experimental mixtures with the following composition:

component - % 1 feed 2 mixture 3 4 soybean meal extracted 31.7 14.5 15,- 15,- flax extracted meal - 5,- 4.5 4.5 wheat 22,- 20.5 15.7 15.8 barley 35,- 27,- 26,- 26,- óVeS - 10,- 11.2 11.2 wheat bran - - 7,- 7,-

- 4,239,508

wheat feed flour - 10,- - am malt flower 5,- - am bone meal 1.5 - •m alfalfa meal - 7,~ 7,- mineral feed additive 1.5 1,- 1.5 1.5 dicalcium phosphate 1.5 0.5 0.5 feed salt 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 biofactor supplement for calves 1.5 0.5 1,- 1,- feed sugar 6.2 4.5 - - obduced concentrate of synthetics N-substances - Syrur - 10,- 10,- artificial sweetener - - - 0.1 am During the testing period, the following were achieved: same order groups following results 0 daily gains - kg x 0.784 0.665 0 ,933 0.920 with 0.116 0.131 0 ,134 0.139 consumption per 1 kg of gain dry matter - kg 2.53 3.28 2 .70 2.75 SNI - g 365 427 403 403 SJ 1.62 2.09 1 .67 1.68

Example 2

Feeding technique. Calves are limited to 5-6 liters of milk or MKS emulsion, i.e. when diluted with water in a ratio of 1:8-9, per animal per day. From the 2nd week of rearing, the proposed feed is fed until full and drinking water is heated to 25-30 C during the 1st month of rearing. At the same time, the feeding of roughage, usually hay, is started at the rate of 15-20% of the feed mixture dose. After reaching a daily consumption of 0.5 kg of feed per animal, the calves are weaned once. From about 2.5 months of age, the doses of the proposed feed are limited with regard to the nutritional value of roughage, which is then fed in ad libitum doses. The following general feed consumption is assumed

- 5 age - days

- 10

11-45 46 - 52 53 - 91 total for the period

- 91 colostrum and whole milk

5-6 daily consumption of MKS calf feed

0.66

- 60 23.1

0.3

1.4

1.9

95,239 508 lcg of bulk fodder dry matter

0.05

0.25

0.45

22.6

Claims (2)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION 239 SOB Calf food with reduced content of natural protein concentrates consisting of 5 to 12% starch-induced synthetic nitrogen concentrate, 10 to 22% extracted cake cake, 42,5 to 72% cereals, 5 to 10% mill feed products, 5 to 10% of vitamin-based fodder forage, 2 to 2.5% mineral feed additives and 1% calf supplements. Printed by Moravian Printing Works,