CS231675B1 - Processing of fodder containing vegetable proteins - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention solves better nitrogen utilization substances in feed for monogastral animals that contain vegetable proteins thereby contributing to enlargement use of plant proteins in this species, and to feed savings due to weight gains of these animals. Feeding as one component containing vegetable proteins is represented by application of up to 20% wheat and their natural amino acids, who decide on the use of nitrogen substances in the feed, i.e. lysine and / or metbionine is not represented even in optimal quantity, even at an appropriate rate, are treated by the addition of at least one of of these crucial amino acids in synthetic form that is still dry with other ingredients, the feed will homogenize And then the feed is adjusted for feeding. In relation to wheat weight gluten with synthetic amino acids and are added within a range of 1% to 10% by weight.

Description

Method of treating feed containing vegetable proteins

The invention solves better utilization of nitrogenous substances in feed for monogastral animals containing vegetable proteins, thus contributing both to the expansion of the use of vegetable proteins in this animal species as well as to the savings of feeds due to the increase in live weight of these animals. Feedingstuffs for which as a single component containing vegetable protein is represented by the application of up to 20% wheat gluten and whose natural amino acids, which decide on the use of crude protein in the feed, ie lysine and / or metbionine, are not present in optimal amounts or in appropriate proportions, are treated by adding at least one of these critical amino acids in a synthetic form which is homogenized with the other ingredients of the feed while it is dry ”and then the feed is treated for feeding. In relation to the weight of wheat gluten, synthetic amino acids are added in the range of 1% to 10% by weight.

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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a process for treating a protein-containing feed, in particular of vegetable origin, intended for animals with a single stomach, in particular for pigs and poultry. This method of treatment is focused more on the content of essential amino acids present in the nitrogen and especially protein components of these feeds.

The vegetable protein components of feed for monogastral livestock may to some extent replace the more expensive animal proteins, but they need to be enriched mainly by the so-called. gluten resulting from the manufacture of starch from cereals or maize as a useful by-product. Due to the nutritional requirements of monogastres, gluten, as a relatively rich source of plant protein, is used in feed for such animals because they contain very valuable essential amino acids, but their proportions are not balanced. Partial balancing of essential amino acids can be achieved by inclusion of protein components of animal origin, but even in these cases lysine, sometimes methionine, remains deficient.

It is known that in animals with a single stomach, the utility of nitrogenous substances, which are largely amino acids, is due to the amino acid that is deficient in other amino acids. For example. the dependence of the fattening weight increase is known

pigs only on lysine content, which is in the tabular pulp such as: lysine content (%) in the dry matter of feed 0.43 0.47 0.52 0.57 0.61 0.65 daily weight gain (g) 455 512 549 597 569 531 The table takes into account only relative lysine content in total dry matter

feed, without being related to its protein component. It shows that the optimal lysine content in the dry matter of rations

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- 2 is 0.57%; higher or lower relative lysine contents in the experimental feed ration results in lysine disbalance to the content of other amino acids and therefore a reduction in increments. The table does not show the relative amount of lysine to other amino acids. However, this is embodied in valid feed mix standards in the form of experimentally and operationally tested recipes. According to them, for example, a compound feed for pigs of 50-110 kg live weight should contain 13.5% of crude protein (NL), 0.66% of lysine and 0.45% of sulfur amino acids (me.thionine and cystine), with methionine being at least 45% of the total sulfur amino acid content. Because gluten - whether wheat or maize - can only form part of the protein component of a compound feed, they are used in a weight ratio of up to 20% only, so that despite being a relatively rich source of plant nitrogen (NL), and the ratio of the essential essential amino acids, because, for example, the wheat gluten it has

71.55% of crude protein (NL), containing only 1.37% lysine and 0.73% methionine. At its maximum proportional proportion in the feed it supplies it with only 0.2% lysine and 0.1%. methionine. It is therefore clear that even gluten as a vegetable protein cannot provide the feed with sufficient critical amino acids. Since the ratio of lysine to methionine is in part critical to the use of proteinaceous feed components, an attempt is made to provide a feed composition that provides this ratio in addition to the amino acid present as the predominant component in the natural protein feed component currently available. It is certain that it is not always possible to achieve the appropriate optimum ratio of these critical amino acids, regardless of their optimum content in the feed at all. Although it is not possible to achieve their optimal dosage, such a procedure is desirable and beneficial.

It is therefore an object of the invention to eliminate, or at least substantially reduce, these deficiencies arising from the feeding of lysine-deficient plant proteins in particular, and for certain categories of livestock, methionine deficiency.

According to the invention, this is achieved by:

231 875 essential amino acid content, ie lysine and / or methionine, in the natural protein constituents of feed for monogastral livestock, in which vegetable gluten, such as wheat and / or corn, are present in a maximum weight ratio of up to 20% relative to the gluten weight at least one of said deficient natural essential amino acids is (dry dry) in a synthetic form in an amount of 1% to 10%, after which the feed is homogenized and optionally further processed for direct feeding.

The progress and advantages of such a solution lie in facilitating a balanced content, or at least ratios, of essential amino acids in the feeding of plant proteins and thus a better utilization of the nitrogenous substances contained therein, which leads to a relative reduction in feed consumption. In addition, the application of synthetic amino acids to the treatment of plant proteins in crinivatives contributes to the replacement of animal proteins with plant proteins and thus to the growth of livestock economics in the field of monogastral livestock.

Although there are not yet enough synthetic amino acids to ensure optimal feed levels, it is still possible to partially feed plant protein feed to improve feed alongside these critical amino acids and at least make it easier and more effective to the appropriate ratio of the more important amino acid that is decisive for the monogastral livestock. Therefore, even this route, which does not completely eliminate the disadvantages of the previous use of plant proteins for this species of livestock due to the low production of synthetic amino acids, improves the present state of utilization of nitrogenous feed components and thus contributes to relative reduction of its consumption per unit weight gain.

treatment of the feed according to the invention is carried out by admixing a deficient amount of the corresponding amino acid in synthetic form.

Mixing and homogenization of the added amounts of lysine and / or methionine are carried out dry, after which the bucC thus prepared is temporarily stored for later use, or is immediately further treated, for example, with liquid components to feed the pigs. Whereas the main source of protein and hence essential amino acids in feedingstuffs for monogastral animals is gluten and in particular

231 675 wheat gluten, represented by up to 20% by weight in feed for these animals, should be substituted for 1% to 10% of synthetic, deficient amino acid forms in relation to its proportion to feed.

The treatment of the feed according to the invention exemplifies best.

Examples:

1. For chickens to be fed, the compound feed is required to contain 205 g of crude protein (KL) and 0.75 g of lysine, ie 4.7 g of lysine per ICO g of: crude protein (NL) per kg. Provided that the other feed ingredients do not contain nitrogenous substances and lysine, or if this proportion of the other ingredients is sufficiently subsidized in this respect, the wheat gluten component must be enriched with lysine alone so that the relative amount of lysine represents its required proportion. Wheat gluten for this purpose can be treated by adding synthetic lysine as follows:

Dry blend 100 kg of wheat gluten and

2.55 kg of synthetic lysine.

Tin. the following track is obtained:

wheat gluten 100 kg nitrogen compounds (NL) 71,55 kg lysine 0,08 kg synthesized iyzine 2,55kg__ ^w __2,55 kg ^w 2,55 kg total lC2,55kg 74,10 kg '3,53 kg

Lysine (natural + synthetic) represents 3.53: 0.741 = 4.76% in this crude protein (NL) blend and is therefore at the desired level.

2. If the feed contains, among other ingredients, meat meal, a source of animal protein which itself contains 89% of crude protein with 7,3% of lysine and is to be supplemented with wheat gluten to complete the feed, then mix and homogenize these proportions :

(a) ingredients with a balanced proportion of lysine, such as chicken feed, in a quantity of 351 kg

(b) meat meal 48 kg

(c) wheat gluten 100 kg

d) synthetic lysine 1 kg

Item (a) has a balanced proportion of 4,76 ‘X lysine by weight

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231 Crude protein (NL) in the feed additive. Therefore, it is sufficient to balance the tact component: kg meat meal 48 wheat gluten 100 synthetics. total: 149 kg NL kg of lysine

42.72 3.504.

71.55 0.98

1_1

115.27 5.484

The three components are also balanced, since there are 5,484 in their crude protein: 1,1527 β 4,757 * 4,76% lysine, the prescribed optimal amount, which required 1% by weight of wheat gluten to be synthesized.

3. For fattening pigs, ie in the weight category 50 to 110 kg, a compound feed containing, per kilogram of dry matter, 135 g of nitrogenous substances (NL), 6,6 g of lysine and 4,5 g of sulfur amino acids expressed in methionine shall be required. . If this mixture is transported only from wheat gluten, then per 100 g of crude protein (NL) present in the mixture should be 4,88 g per lysine and 3,33 g per mcthiorine. The mixture is prepared by homogenizing 100 kg of wheat gluten with 2.75 kg of synthetic lysine and 2.02 kg of synthetic methionine. 104.77 kg of dry mixture are obtained, containing in ICO g the desired 4.88 lysine and 3.33 g of methionine. The balance of nitrogenous substances and these crucial amino acids looks like this:

component: kg kg NL kg of lysine kg methionine wheat, gluten 100 ALIGN! 71.55 0.98 0.52 synthesized lysine 2.75 2.75 2.75 - synthetic methionine 2.02 2.02 - ........ total: 104.77 C C f 3 <2 3.73 2.54

In relation to the gluten weight, 2.75 L of synthetic lysine and 2.02% of synthetic methionine were added.

4. If the feed compound for pig fattening contains other constituents which are, however, in the extreme case free of the decisive amino acids mentioned, then it is necessary to subsidize these amino acids primarily with wheat gluten and synthetic forms of these deficient amino acids. Here it is definitely appropriate to fully utilize the maximum content of 20% of this gluten in the feed, so that the natural amino acids contained therein can sew as much as possible a balance of those vital substances.

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For example, lysine-free and methionine-free components with a total weight of 0000 kg have 68.274 kg of crude protein (NL). Adding 50 kg of wheat gluten adds 35.77 kg of crude protein (NL) to the mixture, their natural lysine weighs 0.49 kg and the natural methionine 0.26 kg. · When 5 kg of synthetic amino acid is added to the mixture lysine and 3,456 kg of synthetic methionine, the balance of nitrogenous and critical amino acids will be as follows:

Ingredients: _kg kg NL kg lysine kg methionine

components without lysine and methionine 200 68,274 · wheat gluten 50 35.77 0.49 0.26 synthesized lysine 5 5 5 - synth.methionine 3,456 3,456 - 3,456 total: 25S , 456 112.5 5.49 3,716 According to this balance contains feed mixture in relationship to nitrogenous Substances (NL) 4,88% lysine and 3.3% methionine, which corresponds to-

In the process, 10% of synthetic lysine and 6.912% of synthetic methionine were introduced into the mixture in relation to the gluten content.

The enrichment of feed with a limited gluten content for monogastral livestock by the limiting amino acids of synthetic origin cannot be understood as a mere addition of nitrogenous substances to the feed components. In fact, it is a method of treating feed, which aims to achieve a favorable ratio of essential amino acids, which are insufficient in the natural ingredients of feed, and thus better use of all the amino acids present in plant proteins and the whole protein and nitrogen parts of feed. This in turn means higher weight gains for animals and, in fact, relative feed savings. Assumptions based on the feed treatment method according to the invention have been experimentally verified in the feed of a pig control group by feeding a mixture in which 20% by weight of natural protein components of vegetable origin are in the form of wheat gluten adjusted to optimal levels by adding synthetic lysine and synthetic methionine. pigs were fed the same feed, but without synthetic amino acid supplements. The first pig control group showed on average 15.2% higher weight gains.

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Although these examples are about the full saturation of the critical amino acids, ie lysine and possibly methionine, given the lack of provision of these synthetic amino acids, it is obvious that cases leading to efforts to ensure in feeds containing nitrogen, especially vegetable, origin of subsidies of synthetic forms of these amino acids at least their necessary ratio, because it contributes to a wider use of plant proteins in non-gastrointestinal animals.

In any case, the addition of the synthetic amino acid is added to the other dry feed ingredients, i.e., the whole dry feed. also evaluates & appreciates. Only then is the mixture prepared either temporarily stored for later treatment or is prepared immediately for this feeding, which means, for example, in the case of pig fattening mixtures, the addition of liquid components.

Claims (1)

H η ϊΐ Βιά h Τ in f η A L ώ Z U 231 875 Process for the treatment of feed containing vegetable proteins, of which one component, represented in a weight ratio of up to 20%, is gluten and intended for animals with a single stomach, characterized in that in the absence of essential amino acids, i.e. lysine and / or methionine, of natural protein components, at least one of said deficient natural amino acids in dry form in an amount of 1 ažο to 10 is added in relation to the gluten weight, in a quantity of 1 Ίο to 10, after which the feed is homogenized and optionally further treated for feeding.