CS229606B2 - Method for the producing af bituminous binder for building materials - Google Patents

Description

229 BOB

The invention belongs to the field of construction, especially road construction.

The invention solves the problem of reducing the viscosity of a bituminous binder by virtue of polyolefin materials, so that the building materials made using this binder can be laid with conventional construction machines.

The problem is solved by mixing the polyolefin material, especially polyethylene or polypropylene, and the bitumen with hot mixing, and homogenizing the mixture at a temperature of 260 to 310 ° C, while reducing the viscosity of the mixture associated with the progressive homogenization of the mixture and the homogenization process. it terminates when the viscosity of the mixture drops by one tenth to one fifth of the viscosity that the mixture has immediately after dissolving the olefinic material in the resin.

In particular, the invention can be applied to the construction of bituminous bitumen roofing materials using conventional machinery and equipment. 2 229 βΟβ

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a process for the production of bituminous binders comprising dispersion solids, predominantly of inorganic origin, such as pulp and sands, and which are particularly suitable for producing casting layers, the binder being composed of resin and polyolefin material production, the binders are homogenized by hot mixing.

A large number of different building materials are known which are formed using a bituminous binder. These masses are used, in particular, to form a surface, eventually a backing layer of conveying surfaces, as well as to make protective layers of roofs, in particular flat roofs. These building materials are commonly known under various conditions, such as cast asphalt, rolled asphalt, bituminous gravel. For road construction, the proportion of binders is less than 15% by weight of the stone and sand used.

Building materials with bituminous binder have numerous advantages but also inadequacies. The bitumen softens at elevated temperatures. The increase in temperature is most often caused by the sun's rays in summer, with the dark color of the resin contributing to the absorption of thermal radiation. The softened building material is easily deformed during operation, flowing on oblique surfaces, so that depressions, tracks, waves and other deformations of the road surface are formed. On the other hand, in frost, the resin becomes brittle, so that dangerous and difficult-to-repair potholes on the road surface can easily arise.

It is known that the effect of these undesirable resin properties can be mitigated by the addition of polyolefin to the resin. Polyolefin additive 3 229 609 reduces brittleness at low temperatures and moderates the bitumen softening at high temperatures. However, the addition of polyolefin to the resin substantially increases the rigidity of the building material. By adding such an amount of polyolefin to the resin as is required to improve the thermal properties of the material, a material is obtained that is rigid so that it cannot be processed using conventional construction or backing construction materials.

Since the stiffness of the building material increases with the increasing content of polyolefin additives as well as the fact that the polyolefin additives are more expensive than resins, there has been a tendency to reduce the proportion of polyolefin additives to the lowest possible extent. It is also believed that it is expedient to heat the bituminous-polyolefin mixture only for as long as a homogeneous mass is formed, avoiding any thermal dispersion of both the resin and the polyolefin additives. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for the production of bituminous binders comprising polyolefin additives for building materials, and for the construction materials with this binder to be applied mechanically. The object of the present invention is to provide a process for the production of bituminous binders for building materials which contain dispersible solids, mainly inorganic in origin, such as pulp and sands 4 229 606 and which are intended, in particular, for the manufacture of compression and casting layers, the binder being composed of resin and polyolefin ma The thermally mixed binder is homogenized by hot mixing, which differs from the known processes according to the invention in that the polyolefin material, in particular polyethylene and / or polypropylene and the resin is mixed by hot mixing and the mixture is homogenized at a temperature of 260 ° to 310 ° C, wherein the decrease in viscosity of the mixture associated with the progressive homogenization of the mixture and the homogenization process is terminated when the viscosity of the mixture decreases by one tenth to one-fifth of the viscosity that the composition has immediately upon dissolution of the olefin material in the resin. The basis of the invention is the practical use of the unused properties of polyolefin mixtures with the use of polyolefins, which is manifested by the fact that after a certain and relatively longer homogenization of the mixture, the individual chains of polyolefin molecules are separated, decomposed and bound. some radicals with resin components, especially naphthon, contained in the resin. This is accompanied by a sharp decrease in viscosity resulting from the binder. This is a developing process by which the inventive method is developed. Thus, this process is characterized by a considerably longer process of homogenization and, as a rule, a higher proportion of olefin in the binder than is customary to date. Preferably, according to the invention, the mixture is homogenized at 290 ° C. At this temperature and the polyethylene / resin ratio in the 30: 70 mixture, the reaction occurs within about 20 minutes, at a 50:50 ratio over about 40 minutes. 5

229 80B

In order to achieve the desired results, the polyolefin material is at least 10% by weight of the resin, i.e. at least 10 kg of polyolefin additive per 100 kg of resin, together with the bituminous and homogenized material. Various polyolefin materials, especially low pressure and high pressure polyethylene, or polypropylene, may be used. Waste can be used to reduce production costs, even if they contain plastics of a different chemical composition. The process of homogenization also takes place in the presence of other substances, such as thermosetting plastics, or high melting point thermoplastics, but also other non-olefinic thermoplastics. These substances act similarly as fillers in the chemical reaction.

According to the invention, it is particularly advantageous if the polyolefin material is added in an amount of 30 to 100% by weight of the amount of resin, i.e. 30 kg to 100 kg of polyolefin additives per 100 kg nutrient.

According to the invention, it is also possible to homogenize the high polyolefin-containing composition and to adjust the required ratio between the polyolefin additive and the resin by additionally adding the resin, even after a longer period of time. The production of bituminous binders for building materials by the method of the invention, as well as the use of building materials containing this bituminous binder, has numerous advantages. 6 229 608 In this process, the resin and the polyolefin material are thoroughly homogenized so that a uniform mass is produced whose viscosity decreases significantly during production. The building material made using this bituminous binder is relatively fluid, so it can be laid in a conventional way with machines. Doing so. this building material retains resistance to temperature changes. The bituminous binder produced according to the invention does not tend to re-admix the resin and polyoledin materials. That is, the resins and polyolefin materials can be mixed in any proportions of practical importance. Thus, the existing restriction that the resin mixture with the polyolefin material in the range of 80: 20 to 20: 80 is not stable is no longer valid.

A further advantage of the bituminous binder according to the invention is that the bituminous binder reliably adheres to the aggregate irrespective of whether it is acidic or alkaline aggregate. This is explained by the emergence of chemical bonds between the bituminous binder and the aggregate timber surfaces with the pulp. These chemical bonds strengthen the adhesion bonds between the bituminous binder and the quartz.

The possibility of mixing and homogenizing the resin with the polyolefin material is of great practical importance for rationalizing the production of not only bituminous binder but also of the respective building materials. First, it produces a basic binder mixture with a high proportion of polyolefin material. This basic binder mixture is then additionally adjusted to the required ratio between the resin and the polyolefin material by the addition of a resin. 7 229 609 The resin does not need to be added to the base binder mixture immediately after it has been produced. The basic binder mixture is very stable so that it can be stored without difficulty. After heating, the resin is mixed well with a very homogeneous binder. For the production of a bituminous binder according to the invention, it is possible to use the known resin processing equipment, for example, the so-called "Trinidad" boiler. The base binder mixture is added separately to the mixer containing hot aggregate or sand. The building material can be prepared by making the base binder mixture in a "Tri lidad" boiler. In the mixer, the hot aggregate is mixed with the additional resin to which it adds, especially the base binder mixture. Thus, it is possible to produce the bituminous binder in a manner according to the invention in already known devices.

The building material produced using the bituminous binder produced by the process of the invention has very good mechanical properties, in particular it resists the pressure of wheels and heavy vehicles at elevated temperatures and does not become frost-resistant. This is also apparent from the results of the Marshall Test, which is used to determine the quality of bituminous roads.

The process for producing the bituminous binder for building materials according to the invention is further explained by way of example with reference to the values found in the tests. 8 Example 1 229 909

Waste polyethylene in the form of thin, translucent, irregularly shaped leaves of about 1 to 10 mm in size was mixed with 180 to 200 ° C in a Kotthof blender with conventional B 80 for road construction and the mixture was homogenized. At the same time, mixtures with different polyolefin contents of 3, 10 and 20% by weight were produced. When homogenizing the mixture with the addition of 3% by weight, the mixture must be stirred for 10 minutes. With the addition of 10% by weight, stirring is continued for 15 minutes, and 30 minutes with the addition of 20% by weight.

As the polyolefin was added, the mixture became more gel-like in character. The softening and penetration temperature according to DIN 1995 was measured for the mixtures thus obtained and for the comparison of the pure B80 resin. The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Composition TenetraceDIN softening point 1995 according to the polyet. DIN 1955 at 2 ° C / at 25 ° C / Cis. % wt% t / wt. ° C 1/10 mm 1/10 mm 1 100 0 48.2 5 78 2 97 3 50, 1 5 79 3 90 10 73.8 7 42 4 80 20 110.0 2 12 9 Example 2 229 ΒΟβ

Building materials for road surface layers were produced using the bituminous binders of Example 1. Used fillers complying with the applicable regulations for the construction of bituminous roads, weight composition: 10% limestone meal, 13% natural sand 0/2, 25% basalt crushed sand 0/2, 26% basalt noble gravel 2/5 and 20% basalt of noble gravel 5/8.

To this filler were added 6.7% by weight of bituminous binder, namely pure bitumen B80, and bitumen B80 with the addition of 10 or 20% by weight polyethylene. The resulting building materials were relatively rigid, so that their processing and laying by conventional machinery was not possible. Of these building materials, Marshall's test shells were made, with which the usual tests were carried out. Their results are shown in Table 2 on page 10. Example 3

The time course of viscosity of polyethylene, polypropylene and mixtures thereof with resin at a constant temperature of 290 or 27O ° C was investigated on a Brabender plastograph. Plastograph blades rotated at 60 rpm while measuring the resistance torque.

A total of 7 trials were performed. In Experiment No. 1, the viscosity of milled polyethylene wastes was examined at 29 ° C, in Experiment No. 2, at 27 ° C. In Experiment No. 3, 10,229,806

228, 808, the viscosity of the polyethylene waste mixture and the B 80 ratio, mixed at a ratio of 50: 50 at 29 ° C, was determined. Experiment 4 examined a mixture of polyethylene waste with B 120 resin at 29 ° C. Experiment No. 5 investigated the properties of the blend of polyethylene waste and resin B 120 at a ratio of 30: 70 at 290 ° C. In experiment no. 6, the viscosity of ground polypropylene waste at 29 ° C was observed, and 7 then the properties of the blend of polypropylene waste with resin B 70 in the ratio of 30: 70 temperature 290 ° C. The results of the individual experiments are shown in Table 3, shown on page 12. From the values shown in Table 3, there is an apparent decrease in viscosity, versus time, as a result of the gradual decomposition of the polyolefin molar material. Over time, the viscosity value stabilizes, demonstrating that the decomposition of the molecules stops after some time. In a polyolefin mixture, the resin often increases the initial viscosity. This is because the polyolefin does not dissolve sufficiently at the start of the experiment, so that the device first measures the viscosity of the resin and only later measures the viscosity of the mixture itself. The results of the above experiments show clearly that in the production of the binder by the process according to the invention, a viscous drop in viscosity occurs, so that the building material made of conventional aggregate with the bituminous binder according to the invention can be processed by conventional construction techniques. 12

Table 229 806 r *. PP + B 70/30: 70/290 1 OO 0.02 CO O o 0.015 0.015 sO r o s CM o CM 04 o • k • k k k k o CM CM CM CM CM CM CM / m axis os r * · sO - oooow— oooooma PE + B / 30: CM oooooooo í • o • CM change • 4 co r * 00 os 00 o - what about CM CM CM 4 mo 4 * w ·· os 3 oooooooo + o CM <0 wm B 04 o S o σ> n σ> what CM CM CM 00 mr * sO * n uo uo mm CO oo «m os oooooooo + ·· ω o04 m CM i co CM CM oowor ** m 4 4 <co what about CM (4 CM W · · CM O Ό or ^. Σ> Ό W o • 4- CM CM T— o oo r * r>. Os 04 O CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO U U U U U U U U M j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j 3 r 4 H • B. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 MP “CM co os CM m 00 C4 s 13 Example 4 229 909 In a practical experiment, polyethylene flakes homogeneously mixed with B 120 in a Trinidad plant for about 3 hours at a temperature of over 24 ° C. First, a basic polyethylene / resin binder mixture was produced at a ratio of 50:50. Then, by further addition of the hot resin, the polyethylene content of the bituminous binder was adjusted to 15, 18, 20 and 252 by weight for the individual tests. The bituminous binder thus produced was then sprayed onto a conventional Wibau mixer which contained aggregates heated to 23 ° C. For comparison, a building material with a bituminous binder was also produced without the addition of polyolefin. Of these building materials, the surface of the road was made about 600 m long, 5 m wide. This section of the sinter was heavily loaded with heavy traffic. The top of the road was laid by a machine engineer and compacted with a rubber wheel and two tandem rollers. It has been found that the building material produced by bituminous bonding, which also contained 252 weight percent polyethylene, was easily processed by conventional machinery. Samples were taken from the building materials thus produced, some of the samples were made directly from the mixed material, a part was taken from the prepared road by drilling the cores. Tests of these samples showed that the beneficial effect of polyolefin additives remains over the decomposition of the polyolefin molecules. Some values and properties of these building materials are even better than those made with bituminous binder containing uncleaved poly-olefin molecules. 14 229 606 It has been found, in determining the tensile strength at tensile strength of Marshal test specimens, that in the case of building material bodies with non-polyolefin additive, the fracture has been subjected to tensile fracture in the binder region by means of individual gravel grains. In the case of Marshall bodies made of K III and K IV materials made using the bituminous binder according to the invention, both the binding and the grains of the gravel broke in a flush. This suggests a very good adhesion of the bituminous binder to the aggregate, which is caused by the chemical bonds between the bituminous binder and the aggregate. Measurement of the slip coefficient of the road surface carried out by the rocking device RRL according to British Standard 812/1967 and SNV 640 511 has shown that the surface roughness of the building material produced by the inventive resin / average of 63 measurements / is somewhat greater than the surface roughness of the building material, made by adding 7% by weight of P 120 bituminous material, which contains no polyolefin material / mean of 61 measurements /. The results of the Marshall Body and Drilled Core tests are shown in Tables 4 and 5 at the end of this specification. Table 4 of column AB C / 12 shows test results of Marshall bodies of building material whose resinous binder does not contain polyolefin material. Column AE 0/12 K shows the same aggregate material as in the previous column, but using a bituminous binder with 20% by weight polyethylene. In both cases, a bituminous binder was added to the aggregate in an amount of 7% by weight. 15

229 SIM In Table 5 in columns K I, K III, K V, the values obtained on the Marshall bodies obtained by drilling cores from the road surface are given. These bodies were drilled out of the three chunks of building material, laid on the experimental section of the road, of which the same was the same aggregate, only the binder was different. In the building material K I, a bituminous binder was used without the addition of polyolefins. In the building material K III, a bituminous binder according to the invention was used with a proportion of 25 wt.% Polyethylene and in the building material K V a bituminous binder of the invention with a proportion of 15 wt.% Polyethylene. The addition of bituminous binder was 6.5% by weight.

Marshall bodies made using a bituminous binder according to the invention had better properties than the comparative body. The following tests were carried out: In the first test, the bodies were subjected to the following cycle: a / deposited in a saturated aqueous solution of road salt at + 20 to 22 ° C after 18 hours, * b / airborne at + 20 to 22 ° C for 9 hours; c / storing in an air conditioning chamber in cold air -20 ° C for 15 hours; d / air storage at +20 to 22 ° C for 9 hours. 16,229 60 &amp;

This cycle was repeated five times in total. However, in the fifth cycle, warming of the hot air bodies according to d / a was omitted, and the body was immediately tested for compressive strength by a 50 cm angular edge punch. The pressing speed was 25 mm per minute. The following results have been achieved:

Material

K I

K III

K V

Strength in cross section 50 cm

Specific strength

over 100 000 N over 100 000 N over 100 000 N at a pressure of over 20 MPa over 20 MPa over 20 MPa In the second test, the bodies were subjected to the same fivefold cycle, but at the end of the seven hour deposition at room temperature. results:

Material Compressive strength Specific compressive strength for cross-section 50 cm KI 39 000 N 7.8 MP and K III 60 300 N 12.0 MPa KV 62 300 N 12.4 MPa In the third test, the bodies were subjected to this fivefold cycle: cold storage air at -20 ° C for 15 hours followed by air storage at +20 to 22 ° C for 33 hours. Tests were performed after the fifth cycle, with the following results: 17

228 BM

Material Compressive strength 0 Specific compressive strength for 50 cm diameter K I 37 000 N 7.4 MP and K III 62 300 N 12.4 MPa K V 62 800 N 12.5 MPa

Finally, cores with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 5 cm were drilled twelve times and stored in a temperature of 60 ° C for 12 hours followed by storage in a cold environment at -20 ° C for six hours. After the twelfth cycle, 2 drilled cores were tested with a 50 cm die. The core strength of K V was 12,500 N, the K core strength was 15,000 N. K I cores cracked during self-weight heat treatment. 18 229 808 • a • o o o • o o o o o • o o • o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 o o o o o o o o o - CM t - o <o o o <5 T “· T - AX oi - v o CM o o co CO t - v o CM 00 sr *“ o o CM m what σ <ř ř CM CM what CM what uo T— · m CM o 3 co co O 1 o 1 <ø <r σ CM oo 43 A -O CM and in U0 what co and £> ** s »a (4 <o CM AX or o-O H H m---------CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO r r r r r r r 43 cd • ti 3. 4J X 3 3 * - 3 43 3 3 3 N cd N * rH r — 4 ti 4J 3 • HCM iH rH ti ea • H 44 O ► 44 43 ► and MU. Cd <d 0 CO 3 44 u u u u o u u 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 r r r 44 44 3 3 3 3 O O O O O O O O O O O O O 44 rl OH 3B X PM X ω X 43

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Material KIK III KV Dimense Density Marsha11Plastics 2,405 2,208 2,350 •, 3g / cm Density of Drilled Ader 2, 137 2,303 2,364 g / cm Apparent Density 2,504 2,461 2,490, 3g / cm Cavities in Marshall Pits 4,0 6,6 5,6% / vol . Cavities in boring cores 2.7 6.4 5.0% / vol. Compaction level 101 100 101 Z Marshall load-bearing capacity 8 240 1 7 900 17 200 N Yield value according to Marshall 21 16 17 mm / 1 ° Tensile strength at 20 ° C 8 130 16 500 14 900 N Tensile strength at tensile strength 29 22 22 mm / 1 ° Pressure test at 20 ° C, 50 mm / min 66 000 9 6 7 00 103 000 N

Claims (6)

20 809 A process for the production of bituminous binders for building materials, comprising as fillers dispersible solids, predominantly of inorganic origin, such as stone crumbs and sands, which are intended to make compression and casting layers, wherein the binder is composed of a resin and a polyolefin material characterized in that the polyolefin material, in particular polyethylene and / or polypropylene and the resin, is mixed by hot mixing and the mixture is homogenized at 260 ° C in 0 ° C to 310 ° C. wherein the decrease in viscosity of the mixture associated with the progressive homogenization of the mixture and the homogenization process is terminated when the viscosity of the mixture decreases by one tenth to one fifth of the viscosity that the composition has immediately upon dissolution of the olefin material in the resin. 2. The process of claim 1 wherein the mixture is homogenized at 290 ° C. 3. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said resin is mixed with said resin and homogenized with said polyolefin material at least 10% by weight of said resin. 4. A process according to claim 4 wherein the resin is mixed with the resin and homogenized with a polyolefin material having an amount of 30 to 100% by weight of the resin. 5. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein additional resin is added to the mixture after the mixture is homogenized. 6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the resin is added to the mixture additionally after a period of homogenisation of the mixture.