JP2021088871A - Soil modifier and soil - Google Patents
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- JP2021088871A JP2021088871A JP2019219715A JP2019219715A JP2021088871A JP 2021088871 A JP2021088871 A JP 2021088871A JP 2019219715 A JP2019219715 A JP 2019219715A JP 2019219715 A JP2019219715 A JP 2019219715A JP 2021088871 A JP2021088871 A JP 2021088871A
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- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
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Landscapes
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、土壌改質材及び土壌に関する。 The present invention relates to a soil modifier and soil.
テニスコート、サッカー場、野球場、陸上競技場等の各種グランド、校庭、公園、遊園地、多目的広場等において、表層に土系の舗装が施された土壌が採用されている。表層が土系である土壌は、天候の風雨等による影響を受けやすく、例えば、風が吹くことによって土壌の表面に埃が発生したり、雨が降ることによって土壌の表面に水溜りが形成されたりすることがある。
そこで、表層が土系である土壌においては、土壌から発生する埃を抑制するために土に防塵剤を含ませることが提案されており（例えば、特許文献１参照）、また、土壌の雨による影響を削減するために土に疎水化するための添加材を含ませることが提案されている（例えば、特許文献２参照）。
In various grounds such as tennis courts, soccer fields, baseball fields, and athletics fields, schoolyards, parks, amusement parks, multipurpose plazas, etc., soil with soil-based paving is used for the surface layer. Soil whose surface layer is soil-based is easily affected by the weather, such as wind and rain. For example, dust is generated on the surface of the soil when the wind blows, and water pools are formed on the surface of the soil when it rains. It may happen.
Therefore, in soil whose surface layer is soil-based, it has been proposed to include a dustproof agent in the soil in order to suppress dust generated from the soil (see, for example, Patent Document 1), and due to soil rain. It has been proposed to include an additive for making the soil hydrophobic in order to reduce the effect (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
特許文献１に記載の処理を施した土壌においては、防塵性を向上させることはできるが、防塵効果の維持が不十分であった。また、特許文献２に記載の処理を施した土壌は、疎水化することで土壌への透水性を高めることはできるが、透水させた後の土壌の硬度回復性が不十分であった。 In the soil subjected to the treatment described in Patent Document 1, the dustproof property can be improved, but the maintenance of the dustproof effect is insufficient. Further, although the soil subjected to the treatment described in Patent Document 2 can be made hydrophobic to increase the water permeability to the soil, the hardness recovery of the soil after the water permeation is insufficient.
本発明は、上記問題に鑑み、土壌の防塵効果を維持する保水性を良好にすることができ、かつ、土壌の透水性及び硬度回復性を両立する土壌改質材及び土壌を提供することを目的とする。 In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a soil modifier and soil that can improve the water retention that maintains the dustproof effect of the soil and that achieve both the water permeability and the hardness recovery of the soil. The purpose.
本発明者らは、鋭意研究を重ねた結果、骨材の表面の少なくとも一部に、可塑剤を含む石油系重質成分を担持させることにより、上記課題を解決し得ることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。すなわち、本発明は、以下の［１］〜［１２］を提供する。
［１］土壌に混合して土壌の性質を改良する土壌改質材であって、骨材と、石油系重質成分と、可塑剤とを備え、前記骨材は、表面の少なくとも一部に、前記可塑剤を含む前記石油系重質成分を担持している、土壌改質材。
［２］前記可塑剤と前記石油系重質成分が相溶した状態で担持している、［１］に記載の土壌改質材。
［３］前記可塑剤を含む前記石油系重質成分の担持量は、土壌改質材の全量に対して、０．１質量％以上１０．０質量％以下である、［１］又は［２］に記載の土壌改質材。
［４］前記石油系重質成分と前記可塑剤との質量比は、２０：８０〜７０：３０である、［１］〜［３］のいずれかに記載の土壌改質材。
［５］４０℃におけるレオメータによるせん断速度１ｓ−１での粘度が３０，０００ｍＰａ・ｓ以下であり、４０℃におけるレオメータによるせん断速度１０ｓ−１での粘度が１０，０００ｍＰａ・ｓ以上である、［１］〜［４］のいずれかに記載の土壌改質材。
［６］前記骨材の最大粒径は、４．７５ｍｍ以下である、［１］〜［５］のいずれかに記載の土壌改質材。
［７］前記石油系重質成分は、アスファルトである、［１］〜［６］のいずれかに記載の土壌改質材。
［８］前記可塑剤は、オレフィン類、パラフィン類、石油樹脂類、天然樹脂類及びテルペン樹脂からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１つである、［１］〜［７］のいずれかに記載の土壌改質材。
［９］前記可塑剤は、ポリブテンである、［１］〜［８］のいずれかに記載の土壌改質材。
［１０］前記可塑剤は、４０℃における動粘度が５００ｍｍ２／ｓ以上１８０，０００ｍｍ２／ｓ以下である、［１］〜［９］のいずれかに記載の土壌改質材。
［１１］［１］〜［１０］のいずれかに記載の土壌改質材を表層の土に混合した土壌。
［１２］前記表層の土と前記土壌改質材との混合比は、体積比で１：９〜８：２である、［１１］に記載の土壌。
As a result of diligent research, the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by supporting a petroleum-based heavy component containing a plasticizer on at least a part of the surface of the aggregate, and the present invention has been made. Has been completed. That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to [12].
[1] A soil modifier that is mixed with soil to improve the properties of soil, and is provided with an aggregate, a petroleum-based heavy component, and a plasticizer, and the aggregate is applied to at least a part of the surface. , A soil modifier that carries the petroleum-based heavy component containing the plasticizer.
[2] The soil modifier according to [1], which is supported in a state in which the plasticizer and the petroleum-based heavy component are compatible with each other.
[3] The amount of the petroleum-based heavy component including the plasticizer supported is 0.1% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the soil modifier, [1] or [2]. ] The soil modifier described in.
[4] The soil modifier according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the mass ratio of the petroleum-based heavy component to the plasticizer is 20:80 to 70:30.
[5] The viscosity at a shear rate of 1 s -1 by a rheometer at 40 ° C. is 30,000 mPa · s or less, and the viscosity at a shear rate of 10 s -1 by a rheometer at 40 ° C. is 10,000 mPa · s or more. The soil modifier according to any one of 1] to [4].
[6] The soil modifier according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the maximum particle size of the aggregate is 4.75 mm or less.
[7] The soil modifier according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the petroleum-based heavy component is asphalt.
[8] The soil according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the plasticizer is at least one selected from the group consisting of olefins, paraffins, petroleum resins, natural resins and terpene resins. Modified material.
[9] The soil modifier according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the plasticizer is polybutene.
[10] The plasticizer has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. is not more than 500 mm 2 / s or more 180,000mm 2 / s, [1] ~ soil amendment material according to any of [9].
[11] A soil in which the soil modifier according to any one of [1] to [10] is mixed with the surface soil.
[12] The soil according to [11], wherein the mixing ratio of the surface layer soil to the soil modifier is 1: 9 to 8: 2 in volume ratio.
本発明によれば、土壌の防塵効果を維持する保水性を良好にすることができ、かつ、土壌の透水性及び硬度回復性を両立する土壌改質材及び土壌を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a soil modifier and soil that can improve the water retention that maintains the dustproof effect of the soil and that have both the water permeability and the hardness recovery of the soil.
［土壌改質材］
本発明の実施形態に係る土壌改質材は、土壌に混合して土壌の性質を改良する土壌改質材であって、骨材と、石油系重質成分と、可塑剤とを備え、骨材は、表面の少なくとも一部に、可塑剤を含む石油系重質成分を担持していることを特徴とする。ここで、「担持」とは、骨材の表面の少なくとも一部に可塑剤を含む石油系重質成分が付着している状態をいい、高温状態（目安としては１２０〜１５０℃）において骨材から可塑剤を含む石油系重質成分が流出しない状態をいう。
土壌改質材は、可塑剤と石油系重質成分が相溶した状態で担持していることが好ましい。ここで、「相溶した状態」とは、石油系重質成分と可塑剤とが均一に分散しており、分離することがない状態をいう。
[Soil modifier]
The soil modifier according to the embodiment of the present invention is a soil modifier that is mixed with soil to improve the properties of soil, and comprises an aggregate, a petroleum-based heavy component, and a plasticizer, and is composed of bone. The material is characterized in that a petroleum-based heavy component containing a plasticizer is carried on at least a part of the surface thereof. Here, "supporting" refers to a state in which a petroleum-based heavy component containing a plasticizer is attached to at least a part of the surface of the aggregate, and the aggregate is in a high temperature state (120 to 150 ° C. as a guide). A state in which heavy petroleum components including plasticizers do not flow out from the surface.
The soil modifier is preferably supported in a state where the plasticizer and the petroleum-based heavy component are compatible with each other. Here, the "compatible state" means a state in which the petroleum-based heavy component and the plasticizer are uniformly dispersed and do not separate.
可塑剤を含む石油系重質成分の担持量は、土壌改質材の全量に対して、０．１質量％以上１０．０質量％以下であることが好ましく、０．５質量％以上８．０質量％以下であることがより好ましく、１．０質量％以上６．０質量％以下であることがさらに好ましい。骨材における可塑剤を含む石油系重質成分の担持量が上記範囲内であることで、可塑剤による土壌の保水性を向上と、石油系重質成分による土壌の透水性及び硬度回復性を向上とのそれぞれをバランスよく良好にすることができる。 The amount of the petroleum-based heavy component including the plasticizer is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less, and 0.5% by mass or more and 8.. It is more preferably 0% by mass or less, and further preferably 1.0% by mass or more and 6.0% by mass or less. When the amount of the petroleum-based heavy component including the plasticizer carried in the aggregate is within the above range, the water retention of the soil by the plasticizer is improved, and the water permeability and hardness recovery of the soil by the petroleum-based heavy component are improved. Each of the improvements can be made good in a well-balanced manner.
骨材に担持する石油系重質成分と可塑剤との質量比は、２０：８０〜７０：３０であることが好ましく、２５：７５〜７５：２５であることがより好ましく、３０：７０〜８０：２０であることがさらに好ましい。骨材に担持する石油系重質成分と可塑剤との質量比が上記範囲内であることで、石油系重質成分と可塑剤との混合物が好適な流動性を有し、混合物が粘性流動することで骨材に絡みやすく、骨材に対する混合物の担持を容易に行うことができる。また、骨材に担持する石油系重質成分と可塑剤との質量比が上記範囲内であることで、骨材に石油系重質成分と可塑剤との混合物を担持させた際に、塊となることがなく、取り扱い性が良好となる。 The mass ratio of the petroleum-based heavy component supported on the aggregate to the plasticizer is preferably 20:80 to 70:30, more preferably 25:75 to 75:25, and 30:70 to 70:20. It is more preferably 80:20. When the mass ratio of the petroleum-based heavy component and the plasticizer supported on the aggregate is within the above range, the mixture of the petroleum-based heavy component and the plasticizer has suitable fluidity, and the mixture has a viscous flow. By doing so, it is easy to get entangled with the aggregate, and the mixture can be easily supported on the aggregate. Further, since the mass ratio of the petroleum-based heavy component and the plasticizer supported on the aggregate is within the above range, when the mixture of the petroleum-based heavy component and the plasticizer is supported on the aggregate, a lump is formed. The handleability is improved.
土壌改質材は、４０℃におけるレオメータによるせん断速度１ｓ−１での粘度が３０，０００ｍＰａ・ｓ以下であることが好ましく、２９，０００ｍＰａ・ｓ以下であることがより好ましく、２８，０００ｍＰａ・ｓ以下であることがさらに好ましい。土壌改質材の４０℃におけるレオメータによるせん断速度１ｓ−１での粘度が上記上限値以下であることで、４０℃において粘性流動して変形することが可能であり、常温（目安としては５〜４５℃）にて土壌改質材を土と混合させることができる。
土壌改質材は、４０℃におけるレオメータによるせん断速度１０ｓ−１での粘度が１０，０００ｍＰａ・ｓ以上であることが好ましく、１５，０００ｍＰａ・ｓ以上であることがより好ましく、２０，０００ｍＰａ・ｓ以上であることがさらに好ましい。土壌改質材の４０℃におけるレオメータによるせん断速度１０ｓ−１での粘度が上記下限値以上であることで、４０℃において粘性流動して変形することが可能であり、常温（目安としては５〜４５℃）にて塊となることがなく、取り扱い性が良好となる。また、土壌改質材の４０℃におけるレオメータによるせん断速度１０ｓ−１での粘度が上記下限値以上であることで、４０℃において粘性を有し、常温（目安としては５〜４５℃）での骨材における可塑剤を含む石油系重質成分の担持量を所望の範囲に維持することができる。
The soil modifier has a viscosity of 30,000 mPa · s or less, more preferably 29,000 mPa · s or less, and 28,000 mPa · s at a shear rate of 1s- 1 at 40 ° C. The following is more preferable. When the viscosity of the soil modifier at a shear rate of 1s -1 by a rheometer at 40 ° C. is equal to or less than the above upper limit, it is possible to viscously flow and deform at 40 ° C. The soil modifier can be mixed with the soil at 45 ° C.).
The soil modifier has a viscosity of 10,000 mPa · s or more, more preferably 15,000 mPa · s or more, and 20,000 mPa · s at a shear rate of 10 s-1 by a rheometer at 40 ° C. The above is more preferable. When the viscosity of the soil modifier at a shear rate of 10s -1 by a rheometer at 40 ° C. is equal to or higher than the above lower limit, it is possible to viscously flow and deform at 40 ° C. At 45 ° C.), it does not become lumpy and is easy to handle. Further, when the viscosity of the soil modifier at a shear rate of 10s- 1 by a rheometer at 40 ° C. is equal to or higher than the above lower limit value, the soil modifier has viscosity at 40 ° C. and is at room temperature (as a guide, 5 to 45 ° C.). The amount of the petroleum-based heavy component including the plasticizer carried in the aggregate can be maintained in a desired range.
土壌改質材は、２０℃におけるレオメータによるせん断速度１ｓ−１での粘度が２００，０００ｍＰａ・ｓ以下であることが好ましく、１６０，０００ｍＰａ・ｓ以下であることがより好ましく、１２０，０００ｍＰａ・ｓ以下であることがさらに好ましい。土壌改質材の２０℃におけるレオメータによるせん断速度１ｓ−１での粘度が上記上限値以下であることで、２０℃において粘性流動して変形することが可能であり、常温（目安としては５〜４５℃）にて土壌改質材を土と混合させることができる。
土壌改質材は、２０℃におけるレオメータによるせん断速度１０ｓ−１での粘度が５０，０００ｍＰａ・ｓ以上であることが好ましく、７５，０００ｍＰａ・ｓ以上であることがより好ましく、１００，０００ｍＰａ・ｓ以上であることがさらに好ましい。土壌改質材の２０℃におけるレオメータによるせん断速度１０ｓ−１での粘度が上記下限値以上であることで、２０℃において粘性流動して変形することが可能であり、常温（目安としては５〜４５℃）にて塊となることがなく、取り扱い性が良好となる。また、土壌改質材の２０℃におけるレオメータによるせん断速度１０ｓ−１での粘度が上記下限値以上であることで、２０℃において粘性を有し、常温（目安としては５〜４５℃）での骨材における可塑剤を含む石油系重質成分の担持量を所望の範囲に維持することができる。
The soil modifier has a viscosity of 200,000 mPa · s or less, more preferably 160,000 mPa · s or less, and 120,000 mPa · s at a shear rate of 1s- 1 at 20 ° C. The following is more preferable. When the viscosity of the soil modifier at a shear rate of 1s -1 by a rheometer at 20 ° C is not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to viscously flow and deform at 20 ° C, and it is possible to deform at room temperature (as a guide, 5 to 5). The soil modifier can be mixed with the soil at 45 ° C.).
The soil modifier has a viscosity of 50,000 mPa · s or more, more preferably 75,000 mPa · s or more, at a shear rate of 10 s -1 by a rheometer at 20 ° C., 100,000 mPa · s. The above is more preferable. When the viscosity of the soil modifier at a shear rate of 10s -1 by a rheometer at 20 ° C. is equal to or higher than the above lower limit, it is possible to viscously flow and deform at 20 ° C. At 45 ° C.), it does not become lumpy and is easy to handle. Further, when the viscosity of the soil modifier at a shear rate of 10s- 1 by a rheometer at 20 ° C. is equal to or higher than the above lower limit value, the soil modifier has viscosity at 20 ° C. and is at room temperature (as a guide, 5 to 45 ° C.). The amount of the petroleum-based heavy component including the plasticizer carried in the aggregate can be maintained in a desired range.
土壌改質材は、骨材から石油系重質成分と可塑剤との混合物が剥離することを防止する観点から、剥離防止剤を含有することが好ましい。
剥離防止剤としては、消石灰及び塩化アンモニウム等が挙げられる。
剥離防止剤の含有量は、剥離防止機能を十分に発揮する観点から、土壌改質材の全量に対して、０．１質量％以上５．０質量％以下であることが好ましく、０．５質量％以上４．０質量％以下であることがより好ましく、１．０質量％以上３．０質量％以下であることがさらに好ましい。
The soil modifier preferably contains a peeling inhibitor from the viewpoint of preventing the mixture of the petroleum-based heavy component and the plasticizer from peeling from the aggregate.
Examples of the anti-peeling agent include slaked lime and ammonium chloride.
The content of the anti-peeling agent is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 5.0% by mass or less, preferably 0.5% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the soil modifier from the viewpoint of fully exerting the anti-peeling function. It is more preferably mass% or more and 4.0 mass% or less, and further preferably 1.0 mass% or more and 3.0 mass% or less.
＜骨材＞
本発明の骨材は、表面の少なくとも一部に、可塑剤を含む石油系重質成分が担持される。可塑剤を含む石油系重質成分を担持する骨材は、可塑剤によって土壌の保水性を向上させることができ、かつ、石油系重質成分によって土壌の透水性及び硬度回復性を向上させることができる。
骨材としては、特に限定されることはなく、無機系骨材及び有機系骨材を用いることができ、単体又は複合体を用いることができる。骨材には、繊維補強材及び舗装用充填材等を適宜添加することもできる。
無機系骨材としては、例えば、砂、硅砂、砕石、石粉、スクリーニングス、再生骨材、カラーサンド、カラーチップ及び鉱物チップ等が挙げられる。
有機系骨材としては、例えば、木本植物又は草本植物のおがくず、樹皮、木質チップ、果実の種子及び種子殻、並びに、ゴム素材等が挙げられる。
<Aggregate>
In the aggregate of the present invention, a petroleum-based heavy component containing a plasticizer is supported on at least a part of the surface thereof. For aggregates that support petroleum-based heavy components including plasticizers, the water retention of soil can be improved by the plasticizer, and the water permeability and hardness recovery of soil can be improved by the petroleum-based heavy components. Can be done.
The aggregate is not particularly limited, and an inorganic aggregate and an organic aggregate can be used, and a single substance or a complex can be used. A fiber reinforcing material, a filling material for pavement, and the like can be appropriately added to the aggregate.
Examples of the inorganic aggregate include sand, silica sand, crushed stone, stone powder, screenings, recycled aggregate, colored sand, color chips and mineral chips.
Examples of the organic aggregate include sawdust, bark, wood chips, fruit seeds and seed husks of woody plants or herbaceous plants, and rubber materials.
骨材の最大粒径は、４．７５ｍｍ以下であることが好ましく、２．３６ｍｍ以下であることがより好ましく、１．１８ｍｍ以下であることがさらに好ましい。
骨材の最小粒径は、０．０７５ｍｍ以上であることが好ましく、０．１５ｍｍ以上であることがより好ましく、０．３ｍｍ以上であることがさらに好ましい。
骨材の最大粒径及び最小粒径が上記範囲内であることで、土壌の保水性及び透水性を良好にすることができる。
なお、上記範囲の最大粒径及び最小粒径である骨材は、ＪＩＳ Ａ １１０２：２０１４に準拠して篩い分けにより得られる。
The maximum particle size of the aggregate is preferably 4.75 mm or less, more preferably 2.36 mm or less, and even more preferably 1.18 mm or less.
The minimum particle size of the aggregate is preferably 0.075 mm or more, more preferably 0.15 mm or more, and further preferably 0.3 mm or more.
When the maximum particle size and the minimum particle size of the aggregate are within the above ranges, the water retention and water permeability of the soil can be improved.
The aggregates having the maximum particle size and the minimum particle size in the above range are obtained by sieving according to JIS A 1102: 2014.
＜石油系重質成分＞
石油系重質成分は、原油の精製処理において残った残渣であり、原油中で分子量の大きな炭化水素及びその誘導体の混合物である。本発明で使用可能な石油系重質成分としては、例えば、アスファルト、石油系ピッチ、重油類及び重質原油等が挙げられ、中でも、アスファルトであることが好ましい。
アスファルトとしては、舗装用石油アスファルトであるストレートアスファルトを主成分とするもの、或いは、該ストレートアスファルトに、スチレン・ブタジエン・ブロック共重合体（ＳＢＳ）、スチレン・イソプレン・ブロック共重合体（ＳＩＳ）、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体（ＥＶＡ）などの熱可塑性エラストマーを添加して改質した改質アスファルトであってもよい。また、既設のアスファルト舗装に含まれる舗装用バインダ及び骨材から再生された再生アスファルトであってもよい。
<Petroleum-based heavy components>
The petroleum-based heavy component is a residue remaining in the refining process of crude oil, and is a mixture of hydrocarbons having a large molecular weight in crude oil and derivatives thereof. Examples of the petroleum-based heavy component that can be used in the present invention include asphalt, petroleum-based pitch, heavy oils, heavy crude oil, and the like, and among them, asphalt is preferable.
Asphalt is mainly composed of straight asphalt, which is petroleum asphalt for pavement, or styrene-butadiene block copolymer (SBS), styrene-isoprene block copolymer (SIS), etc. are added to the straight asphalt. It may be modified asphalt modified by adding a thermoplastic elastomer such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). Further, it may be recycled asphalt regenerated from the pavement binder and aggregate contained in the existing asphalt pavement.
＜可塑剤＞
可塑剤は、石油系重質成分と混合することで石油系重質成分の粘度を低下させる観点から、石油系重質成分との相溶性を有する液状樹脂であることが好ましい。ここで、「相溶性を有する」とは、石油系重質成分と可塑剤とが均一に分散しており、分離することがないことをいう。
本発明で使用可能な可塑剤としては、オレフィン類、パラフィン類、石油樹脂類、天然樹脂類及びテルペン樹脂が挙げられ、低臭気及び化学的安定性の観点から、中でもオレフィン類であることが好ましい。
オレフィン類としては、ポリエチレン（ＰＥ）、ポリプロピレン（ＰＰ）、ポリブテン（ＰＢ）等が挙げられる。オレフィン類としては、中でも、低臭気及び化学的安定性の観点から、ポリブテンが好ましい。ポリブテンの数平均分子量は、引火点及び流動性の観点から、５００以上３，０００以下であることが好ましく、７００以上２，０００以下であることがより好ましく、１，０００以上１，５００以下であることがさらに好ましい。
パラフィン類としては、ｎ−パラフィン及びイソパラフィン等が挙げられる。
石油樹脂類としては、Ｃ５系、Ｃ９系、スチレン系、ジクロロペンタジエン系及びこれらの水素添加物等が挙げられる。
天然樹脂類としては、アビエチン酸、パラストリン酸、イソピマール酸、デヒドロアビエチン酸、ネオアビエチン酸及びピマール酸等のロジン酸を主成分とするロジン樹脂が挙げられる。ロジン樹脂としては、ガムロジン及びウッドロジン等のロジン樹脂、グリセリン及びペンタエリスリトール等で変性したエステル化ロジン樹脂などが挙げられる。
テルペン樹脂としては、β−ピネンからのテルペン樹脂及びテルペン−フェノール樹脂等が挙げられる。
<Plasticizer>
The plasticizer is preferably a liquid resin having compatibility with the petroleum-based heavy component from the viewpoint of reducing the viscosity of the petroleum-based heavy component by mixing with the petroleum-based heavy component. Here, "having compatibility" means that the petroleum-based heavy component and the plasticizer are uniformly dispersed and do not separate.
Examples of the plasticizer that can be used in the present invention include olefins, paraffins, petroleum resins, natural resins and terpene resins, and olefins are preferable from the viewpoint of low odor and chemical stability. ..
Examples of olefins include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polybutene (PB) and the like. Among the olefins, polybutene is preferable from the viewpoint of low odor and chemical stability. The number average molecular weight of polybutene is preferably 500 or more and 3,000 or less, more preferably 700 or more and 2,000 or less, and 1,000 or more and 1,500 or less from the viewpoint of flash point and fluidity. It is more preferable to have.
Examples of paraffins include n-paraffin and isoparaffin.
Examples of petroleum resins include C5 type, C9 type, styrene type, dichloropentadiene type and hydrogenated additives thereof.
Examples of natural resins include rosin resins containing abietic acid, palastolic acid, isopimaric acid, dehydroabietic acid, neoavietic acid, pimaric acid and other rosin acids as main components. Examples of the rosin resin include rosin resins such as gum rosin and wood rosin, and esterified rosin resins modified with glycerin and pentaerythritol.
Examples of the terpene resin include a terpene resin from β-pinene and a terpene-phenol resin.
可塑剤は、４０℃における動粘度が５００ｍｍ２／ｓ以上１８０，０００ｍｍ２／ｓ以下であることが好ましく、２，０００ｍｍ２／ｓ以上１００，０００ｍｍ２／ｓ以下であることがより好ましく、８，０００ｍｍ２／ｓ以上３０，０００ｍｍ２／ｓ以下であることがさらに好ましい。可塑剤の４０℃における動粘度が上記範囲内であることで、石油系重質成分と相溶した混合物が常温（目安としては５〜４５℃）において液体状態であり、土壌に付与される水分を保持することが可能であるので、土壌改質材の保水性向上に寄与することができる。
なお、可塑剤の４０℃における動粘度は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２８３：２０００に準拠して測定した値である。
Plasticizer, preferably a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. is not more than 500 mm 2 / s or more 180,000mm 2 / s, more preferably at most 2,000 mm 2 / s or more 100,000 mm 2 / s, 8 It is more preferably 000 mm 2 / s or more and 30,000 mm 2 / s or less. When the kinematic viscosity of the plasticizer at 40 ° C. is within the above range, the mixture compatible with the petroleum-based heavy components is in a liquid state at room temperature (as a guide, 5 to 45 ° C.), and the water imparted to the soil. Can contribute to the improvement of water retention of the soil modifier.
The kinematic viscosity of the plasticizer at 40 ° C. is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2283: 2000.
＜土壌改質材の製造方法＞
土壌改質材は、骨材の表面の少なくとも一部に、可塑剤を含む石油系重質成分を担持させることにより製造することができる。具体的には、以下の工程（１）、（２）を含む方法により製造することが工業的に有利である。
工程（１）：骨材を１１０℃以上に加温する工程
工程（２）：加温した骨材に、石油系重質成分及び可塑剤を供給して、これらをミキサー等により混合することで土壌改質材を得る工程
<Manufacturing method of soil modifier>
The soil modifier can be produced by supporting a petroleum-based heavy component containing a plasticizer on at least a part of the surface of the aggregate. Specifically, it is industrially advantageous to manufacture by a method including the following steps (1) and (2).
Step (1): Step of heating the aggregate to 110 ° C. or higher Step (2): By supplying a petroleum-based heavy component and a plasticizer to the heated aggregate and mixing them with a mixer or the like. Step to obtain soil modifier
工程（２）においては、石油系重質成分及び可塑剤を同時に供給してもよく、石油系重質成分を供給した後に可塑剤を供給してもよい。 In the step (2), the petroleum-based heavy component and the plasticizer may be supplied at the same time, or the petroleum-based heavy component may be supplied and then the plasticizer may be supplied.
［土壌］
本発明の実施の形態に係る土壌は、上述した土壌改質材を表層の土に混合した土壌であることを特徴とする。
土壌改質材を混合した土の厚さは、土壌の表面から５ｃｍ以上３０ｃｍ以下であることが好ましく、７ｃｍ以上２５ｃｍ以下であることがより好ましく、１０ｃｍ以上２０ｃｍ以下であることがさらに好ましい。土壌改質材を混合した土の厚さが上記範囲内であることで、土壌の防塵効果を維持する保水性を良好にすることができ、かつ、土壌の透水性及び硬度回復性を両立することができる。
[soil]
The soil according to the embodiment of the present invention is characterized by being a soil in which the above-mentioned soil modifier is mixed with the surface soil.
The thickness of the soil mixed with the soil modifier is preferably 5 cm or more and 30 cm or less, more preferably 7 cm or more and 25 cm or less, and further preferably 10 cm or more and 20 cm or less from the surface of the soil. When the thickness of the soil mixed with the soil modifier is within the above range, the water retention that maintains the dustproof effect of the soil can be improved, and the water permeability and hardness recovery of the soil are compatible. be able to.
表層の土と土壌改質材との混合比は、体積比で１：９〜８：２であることが好ましく、３：７〜７．５：２．５であることがより好ましく、５：５〜７：３であることがさらに好ましい。表層の土と土壌改質材との混合比が上記範囲内であることで、土壌の防塵効果を維持する保水性を良好にすることができ、かつ、土壌の透水性及び硬度回復性を両立することができる。 The mixing ratio of the surface soil and the soil modifier is preferably 1: 9 to 8: 2 in volume ratio, more preferably 3: 7 to 7.5: 2.5, and 5: It is more preferably 5 to 7: 3. When the mixing ratio of the surface soil and the soil modifier is within the above range, the water retention that maintains the dustproof effect of the soil can be improved, and the water permeability and hardness recovery of the soil are compatible. can do.
次に、本発明について実施例を用いて、さらに詳細に説明するが、本発明は、これらの例によって限定されない。 Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
［評価方法］
実施例及び比較例の土壌改質材及び土壌を下記の方法に従って評価した。
[Evaluation method]
The soil modifiers and soils of Examples and Comparative Examples were evaluated according to the following methods.
＜石油系重質成分と可塑剤との混合物の流動性＞
石油系重質成分（アスファルト）と可塑剤（ポリブテン、数平均分子量：１，３５０、４０℃動粘度：２４，０００ｍｍ２／ｓ）とを表１に示した配合でミキサーに投入し、混合することで混合物を得た。その混合物について、石油系重質成分及び可塑剤の質量比と、２０℃及び４０℃における流動性との関係を以下の基準で評価した。
（評価基準）
Ａ：混合物を自由に放置するだけで自然に粘性流動して変形する
Ｂ：混合物を自由に放置すると少しだけ流動する
Ｃ：混合物を自由に放置すると全く流動しない、又は、流動して形状を維持できない
<Fluidity of a mixture of petroleum-based heavy components and plasticizer>
A petroleum-based heavy component (asphalt) and a plasticizer (polybutene, number average molecular weight: 1,350, 40 ° C. kinematic viscosity: 24,000 mm 2 / s) are added to a mixer in the formulation shown in Table 1 and mixed. The mixture was obtained. For the mixture, the relationship between the mass ratio of the petroleum-based heavy component and the plasticizer and the fluidity at 20 ° C. and 40 ° C. was evaluated according to the following criteria.
(Evaluation criteria)
A: The mixture naturally viscously flows and deforms when left freely. B: It flows slightly when the mixture is left freely. C: It does not flow at all when the mixture is left freely, or it flows and maintains its shape. Can not
表１より、２０℃における流動性は、石油系重質成分と可塑剤との質量比が１００：０〜４０：６０までは良好であり、その範囲外では流動性が低下した。また、４０℃における流動性は、石油系重質成分と可塑剤との質量比が８０：２０〜２０：８０では良好であったが、その範囲外では極端に流動性が高いものであり、不適切であった。
表１で示した結果より、２０℃及び４０℃における流動性が良好であったものは石油系重質成分と可塑剤との質量比が８０：２０〜３０：７０であった。
From Table 1, the fluidity at 20 ° C. was good when the mass ratio of the petroleum-based heavy component and the plasticizer was 100: 0 to 40:60, and the fluidity decreased outside that range. The fluidity at 40 ° C. was good when the mass ratio of the petroleum-based heavy component to the plasticizer was 80:20 to 20:80, but the fluidity was extremely high outside that range. It was inappropriate.
From the results shown in Table 1, those having good fluidity at 20 ° C. and 40 ° C. had a mass ratio of petroleum-based heavy components to plasticizers of 80:20 to 30:70.
＜レーザ透過率＞
各実施例、比較例の土壌改質材１０ｇを水３００ｇに投入し、スターラで１２０秒間撹拌した。その後、スターラを停止し、６０秒間静止した。懸濁液の上澄みを採取し、採取した上澄み１ｍｌを測定器（株式会社堀場製作所製、製品名「ＬＡ−３００」）のセル内で４ｍｌの水で希釈したサンプルのレーザ透過率を測定した。レーザ光の透過性が高いほど、懸濁液が澄んでいることになり、埃になりやすい成分が取り除かれているということで防塵効果が高いと判断する。
<Laser transmittance>
10 g of the soil modifier of each example and comparative example was put into 300 g of water, and the mixture was stirred with a stirrer for 120 seconds. After that, the stirrer was stopped and stopped for 60 seconds. The supernatant of the suspension was collected, and the laser transmittance of a sample obtained by diluting 1 ml of the collected supernatant with 4 ml of water in a cell of a measuring instrument (manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd., product name "LA-300") was measured. The higher the transparency of the laser beam, the clearer the suspension, and the more dust-prone components are removed, so it is judged that the dustproof effect is high.
＜硬度回復性＞
各実施例、比較例の土壌改質材を混合した土を突き固めた浸漬前の土壌硬度Ｈａを土壌硬度計（大和建工株式会社製）で測定した。また、各実施例、比較例の土壌改質材を混合した土を突き固めて２４時間水に浸漬させ、水から引き上げた４時間後の土壌硬度Ｈｂを上記土壌硬度計で測定した。硬度回復性Ｒを以下の式により算出した。
Ｒ（％）＝Ｈｂ／Ｈａ×１００
<Hardness recovery>
The soil hardness Ha before immersion in which the soil mixed with the soil modifiers of each example and comparative example was compacted was measured with a soil hardness tester (manufactured by Daiwa Kenko Co., Ltd.). Further, the soil mixed with the soil modifiers of each Example and Comparative Example was compacted and immersed in water for 24 hours, and the soil hardness Hb 4 hours after being pulled up from the water was measured with the above-mentioned soil hardness meter. Hardness recovery R was calculated by the following formula.
R (%) = Hb / Ha × 100
＜保水性＞
各実施例、比較例の土壌改質材を混合した土を突き固めた浸漬前の質量Ｍａ１を測定した。また、各実施例、比較例の土壌改質材を混合した土を突き固めて２４時間水に浸漬させ、水から引き上げた後の質量Ｍｂ１を測定した。保水性Ｗｒを以下の式により算出した。
Ｗｒ（％）＝Ｍｂ１／Ｍａ１×１００
<Water retention>
The mass Ma 1 before immersion in which the soil mixed with the soil modifiers of each Example and Comparative Example was compacted was measured. Further, the soil mixed with the soil modifiers of each Example and Comparative Example was compacted and immersed in water for 24 hours, and the mass Mb 1 after being pulled out of the water was measured. The water retention Wr was calculated by the following formula.
Wr (%) = Mb 1 / Ma 1 x 100
＜浸水崩壊＞
各実施例、比較例の土壌改質材を混合した土を突き固めて脱型した後、６０℃で乾燥させ、質量Ｍａ２を測定した。乾燥させたものを水に２分間浸漬し、型の形状を維持しているものの質量Ｍｂ２を測定した。浸水崩壊Ｆを以下の式により算出した。
Ｆ（％）＝Ｍｂ２／Ｍａ２×１００
<Inundation collapse>
The soil mixed with the soil modifiers of each Example and Comparative Example was compacted and demolded, dried at 60 ° C., and the mass Ma 2 was measured. The dried product was immersed in water for 2 minutes, and the mass Mb 2 of the product maintaining the shape of the mold was measured. The inundation collapse F was calculated by the following formula.
F (%) = Mb 2 / Ma 2 x 100
＜透水性＞
各実施例、比較例の土壌改質材を混合した土に対して、ＪＩＳ Ａ １２１８：２００９の「変水位透水試験」に準拠して測定した。
<Permeability>
The soil mixed with the soil modifiers of each example and comparative example was measured according to the "variable water level permeability test" of JIS A 1218: 2009.
＜土壌改質材の粘度＞
各実施例、比較例の土壌改質材を温度２０℃及び４０℃の条件において、レオメータ（株式会社アントンパール製、製品名「ＭＣＲ １０２」）を用いてせん断速度１ｓ−１から１０ｓ−１までの粘度を測定した。
<Viscosity of soil modifier>
Shear velocities 1s -1 to 10s -1 using a rheometer (manufactured by Anton Pearl Co., Ltd., product name "MCR 102") at temperatures of 20 ° C and 40 ° C for the soil modifiers of each example and comparative example. The viscosity of was measured.
［実施例１、比較例１〜３］
各実施例、比較例において、１１０℃以上に加温した骨材（砂、最大粒径：４．７５ｍｍ）に、石油系重質成分（アスファルト）及び可塑剤（ポリブテン、数平均分子量：１，３５０、４０℃動粘度：２４，０００ｍｍ２／ｓ）を表２に示した配合でミキサーに投入し、混合することで土壌改質材を製造した。製造した土壌改質材を土（真砂土）と混合することで各実施例、比較例の土壌とした。各実施例、比較例の土壌の評価結果を表２に示す。なお、石油系重質成分と可塑剤との混合物の担持量は、下記表２中の配合比とした。
[Example 1, Comparative Examples 1 to 3]
In each example and comparative example, a petroleum-based heavy component (asphalt) and a plasticizer (polybutene, number average molecular weight: 1,) were added to an aggregate (sand, maximum particle size: 4.75 mm) heated to 110 ° C. or higher. A soil modifier was produced by adding 350 and 40 ° C. kinematic viscosities: 24,000 mm 2 / s) to a mixer with the formulations shown in Table 2 and mixing them. The produced soil modifier was mixed with soil (composed granite soil) to prepare the soil for each example and comparative example. Table 2 shows the soil evaluation results of each example and comparative example. The amount of the mixture of the petroleum-based heavy component and the plasticizer supported was the compounding ratio in Table 2 below.
表２より、実施例１の土壌改質材を混合した土壌は、防塵効果に優れ、土壌の防塵効果を維持する保水性を良好にすることができ、かつ、土壌の透水性及び硬度回復性を両立することができた。比較例１の土壌改質材を混合した土壌は、防塵効果が不十分であり、保水性及び透水性が不十分であった。比較例２の土壌改質材を混合した土壌は、防塵効果が不十分であった。比較例３の土壌改質材を使用していない土壌は、防塵効果、硬度回復性、保水性、浸水崩壊及び透水性のいずれもが不十分であった。 From Table 2, the soil mixed with the soil modifier of Example 1 has an excellent dustproof effect, can improve the water retention to maintain the dustproof effect of the soil, and has the water permeability and hardness recovery of the soil. Was able to be compatible. The soil mixed with the soil modifier of Comparative Example 1 had an insufficient dustproof effect, and had insufficient water retention and water permeability. The soil mixed with the soil modifier of Comparative Example 2 had an insufficient dustproof effect. The soil in which the soil modifier of Comparative Example 3 was not used had insufficient dustproof effect, hardness recovery, water retention, inundation collapse, and water permeability.
Claims (12)
骨材と、石油系重質成分と、可塑剤とを備え、
前記骨材は、表面の少なくとも一部に、前記可塑剤を含む前記石油系重質成分を担持している、土壌改質材。 A soil modifier that mixes with the soil to improve the properties of the soil.
With aggregate, petroleum-based heavy components, and plasticizer,
The aggregate is a soil modifier in which the petroleum-based heavy component containing the plasticizer is supported on at least a part of the surface thereof.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4330537Y1 (en) * | 1964-06-05 | 1968-12-12 | ||
| JPS5163819A (en) * | 1974-09-13 | 1976-06-02 | Bunzl & Biach Ag | |
| JPS5813806A (en) * | 1981-07-20 | 1983-01-26 | 東亜道路工業株式会社 | Hydrophobic soil and method |
| JPH07188659A (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-07-25 | Kowa Chem Ind Co Ltd | Soil improvement composition |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4330537Y1 (en) * | 1964-06-05 | 1968-12-12 | ||
| JPS5163819A (en) * | 1974-09-13 | 1976-06-02 | Bunzl & Biach Ag | |
| JPS5813806A (en) * | 1981-07-20 | 1983-01-26 | 東亜道路工業株式会社 | Hydrophobic soil and method |
| JPH07188659A (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-07-25 | Kowa Chem Ind Co Ltd | Soil improvement composition |
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