CS219527B1 - Method of pretreatment of textile materials containing the cellulose mainly cotton fibres - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the use of reactive quaternary ammonium compounds in the pretreatment of textile materials containing cellulose fibers.

The dyeability of cellulosic fibers is very good in itself, the dye range for this type of textile fibers is wide and allows dyeing by various technologies, while the utility of the dyeing can also be selected depending on the dye cost. Improvements in the dyeability of cellulose fibers have therefore not been addressed for a long time. It is only in the post-World War II period that works describing the introduction of amino groups into the cellulose macromolecule with the aim of improving colorability are published. However, in recent years, under the influence of general energy problems, constant attention has been paid to the development and industrial application of cellulose fiber modification technology to increase dyeability.

The treatment of cellulose fibers with epoxy ammonium compounds according to Rupin's work is very good. The work of this author describes the use of N (2,3 epoxypropyl) -Ν, Ν, Ν-trimethylammonium chloride, which in an alkaline environment reacts with an epoxy group with hydroxyl groups of cellulose. The quaternary ammonium group of the cellulose ether thus formed is capable of ionically binding anionic dyes. This increases the use of anionic dyes in dyeing and increases their fastness.

However, the process is adversely affected by the strong unpleasant odor of the compound.

At present, however, several preparations of somewhat different constitutions have been protected, which are environmentally safe and whose technological effect is at least the same as that of N (2,3-epoxypropyl) -N, N, N-trimethylammonium chloride.

All of these reactive quaternary ammonium salts, technically referred to as cationic formulations, may be used prior to, simultaneously with or after the dye. The greatest effects of increasing the use of dyes and stability are brought about by modification with cationic preparations before dyeing. The application of the preparations together with the dye results in increased stability and less marked increase in dye utilization. Processing of finished dyeing only increases stability.

The actual modification before dyeing can be realized best by klocation methods. When drying the applied bath and heat treatment, the use of the products is highest. At the same time, coverage of affinity irregularities in subsequent dyeing is achieved, i.e., covering of dead and immature fibers, after pressing the viscose fiber stiffness and the like.

The technique of kangaroo and padding in the wrapping results in lower utilization of the preparation, while dead and immature fibers are completely covered during subsequent dyeing. When modified from a long bath, the use of the preparations is very low or lacking in substantivity.

The very high effect of cationic formulations and covering of dead and immature fibers during subsequent dyeing without drying and heat treatment can be achieved by the technology of the invention.

The high utilization of quaternary ammonium compounds in bath modification, without the use of drying and heat treatment, is achieved by a method of pretreating textile materials containing cellulosic, especially cotton fibers. In this method, the textile material is treated for 1 to 240 minutes. water bath at a temperature of 5 to 80 ° C, containing 80 to 350 g / l of sodium hydroxide, and then worked for 10 min. 10 to 80 ° C, containing a quaternary ammonium compound of the formula

Ί ⁺

Y-CH, -NR _t n

where Y is a group

CH 2 CH ^X O or CH 2 —CHCl OH

R 1, R 5 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a carbon number of 1 to 3

R 2 is alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a carbon number of 1 to 3, phenyl or alkylaryl having a carbon number of 7 to 9

X anion of a strong inorganic or organic acid n an integer of 1, 2 or 3

The first stage of the process, the action of the aqueous sodium hydroxide bath, is similar to mercerization or leaching. The textile material is impregnated with a water bath of sodium hydroxide on a flaring, mercerizing machine or a conventional leaching machine. The second stage, the application of the cationic preparation, can be carried out on conventional devices, such as fularda, provided the fabric's moisture content increases at the inlet outlet, on the jug, hashpa, Rotowa packing device, but also on JETs and dyeing equipment. A precondition for success is that the cellulosic material is not free of alkalinity prior to treatment with the cationic preparation.

It should be noted that this is not merely a combination of merceration or leaching processes and modification with a cationic agent, since the effect of the technology of the invention is significantly greater than the separate subsequent operation of both operations.

The meaning and use of the invention can be illustrated by examples:

Example 1

The cotton corduroy is soaked in a vacuum fulard bath

200 g. 1 ^_1 NaOH

After being packed for 30 minutes, the fabric is processed without washing on a jug in a bath containing

gl- ¹ N (3 chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) -N, N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium chloride.

Bath ratio 1: 3, treatment time 45 minutes at 50 ° C.

Coloring follows:

% direct blue No. С. I. 71 stain for 20 minutes at 50 ° C, 20 minutes at 70 ° C and 20 minutes at 95 ° C.

The resulting dyeing has very good wet stability, the dye is fully utilized, dead and immature fibers are fully covered. The fabric is characterized by high gloss.

Example 2

The loop fabric of a cotton / polyamide blend is impregnated onto the fulard with a bath containing

100 g. 1 ^_1 sodium hydroxide, is wrapped on a perforated beam apparatus Rotowa NW 41 and treated with a bath containing g. 1 ^_1 N (3 chloro 2 hydroxypropyl) -N, N, N-trimethylammonium chloride.

Temperature 50 ° C, treatment time 50 minutes. Washing, neutralization to pH 6-7 and staining follows:

1,5% reactive yellow No. С. I. 3 at pH bath 4.

The temperature is raised from 30 ° C to 95 ° C in 40 minutes and is dyed at this temperature for 20 minutes.

For washing with 60 ° C water and cold water the dyeing is finished. The dyeing has high stability, full utilization of the dye has been achieved.

Example 3

Working twill of cotton yarn is impregnated on the fulare with a 65% bath containing rinse

150 g. Even ^-1 NaOH.

This is followed by preparation on the second fulard solution

gl ^-1 N (2,3-epoxypropyl) -N, N-dimethyl-N-phenylammonium chloride cold with a 95% rinse.

The fabric is left to stand for 4 hours at 20-25 ° C. They are stained according to Example 1.

Example 4

For the fabric of Example 3, instead of mating, a saturated steam treatment of 102-105 ° C for 30 s is included.

Claims (3)

the subject of the invention Method for pretreating textile materials containing cellulosic, in particular cotton fibers, which modifies cellulosic fibers with a quaternary ammonium compound prior to dyeing with anionic dyes, characterized in that the textile material is treated for 1 to 240 minutes. in a 5 to 80 ° C water bath containing 80 to 350 g / l sodium hydroxide, and then worked for 10 min. water bath at 10 to 80 ° C containing a quaternary ammonium compound of the general formula - - X - n where Y is a group or CH 2 - CH - I I Cl OH R 1, R 3 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a carbon number of 1 to 3 R 2 is alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a carbon number of 1 to 3, phenyl or alkylaryl having a carbon number of 7 to 9 X anion of a strong inorganic or organic acid n an integer of 1, 2 or 3 optionally neutralizing and / or final water scrubbing. 2. The pretreatment method of claim 1, wherein the textile material is treated with a 200 to 350 g / l aqueous sodium hydroxide bath for 1 to 20 minutes at 10 to 30 [deg.] C. 3. The pretreatment method of claim 1, wherein the textile material is treated with a 100 to 200 g / l aqueous sodium hydroxide bath for 20 to 240 minutes at 10 to 30 [deg.] C.