CS214403B1 - A method and apparatus for conditioning oilseeds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention solves the optimization of oilseed conditioning conditions. By replacing one to three lower floors of the conditioning pan of the classic concept with a perforated bottom and installing air supply and exhaust, intensive and controllable evaporation of the required amount of water in the semi-fluid layer is possible at an optimal material temperature of 50 - 100 °C and thus increasing the extractability of materials prepared for oilseed extraction.

Description

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method and apparatus for the conditioning of oilseeds in vertical conditioning pans.

In obtaining the crude oils by pressing or pre-casting and extracting, a special treatment of the seeds by grinding (possibly by flocculation) and conditioning to create the conditions to release the oil is necessary before the actual pressing. The conditioning consists in heating the ground seed at a certain humidity and temperature for a certain time in a suitable conditioning device. Physical, chemical and biological changes take place in the material during conditioning. Conditioning is done in two stages. In the first stage, the walls of the oil-containing cells swell with water, lose mechanical strength, and the contents of the cell walls, which have not been opened prior to milling, burst with internal pressure upon heating. conditions for oil release are created. In the second step, the water content of the material is reduced to a value necessary to achieve a suitable mechanical and porous structure of the material for compression and extraction. Kondioionace is accompanied by undesirable partial protein denaturation, resulting in reduction in the nutritional value of the seed residue after obtaining crude ¹ eje pomace extraction or scrap. This decrease is the higher the temperature is and the heating time is longer.

So far, the most widespread method of conditioning oilseeds in industrial practice is to heat them in a vertical conditioning pan of several, 3 to 7 floors by indirect steam. In the vertical conditioning pan, the material is moved and mixed with a mixer on each individual floor from top to bottom. The stirrers are mounted on a common axis, the walls of the trays, sometimes the bottoms have a jacket and are heated indirectly by saturated steam. On the upper floors, the water content of the ground seed is adjusted to optimal value by direct steam or water. The material is gradually heated to the optimum temperature according to the type of seed to reduce the water content to a value suitable for pressing.

This conditioning process has the following disadvantages:

The amount of water evaporated from the material is low, difficult to control according to the type of material. The time to evaporate 2 - 4% of the water from the optimum content is long, or the temperature must be too high and the protein can be denatured. The water content of the individual particles of the material is uneven, some are dried to burned, others are not dried and the extractability of the compacts is not satisfactory. At modern high capacity v

In the case of high-pressure presses, a large pan is required for conditioning, since the heating surface must be increased for poor heat transfer in the dried material.

The above-mentioned drawbacks are eliminated according to the invention by changing the technological process and reconstructing the lower part of the conditioning pan. By replacing the 1-3 lower trays of the pelvis with a perforated bottom, it is possible to carry out a second stage of conditioning, evaporating the necessary amount of water with air in the semifluidic layer. The evaporation of the water is very intense so that it is possible to work at a substantially lower material temperature and thus avoid any adverse effects.

The combined method of conditioning the material according to the invention is achieved in a short time

214 403 during high, controllable evaporation of required amount of water (2 - 5%) at low material temperature (50 - 100 ° C), required mechanical and porous material structure with lower protein denaturation, uniform water content in all material particles and thus continuous filling high-performance material-conditioned presses and very good extractability of each particle of the material with the extraction solvent so that the oil content of the extraction scrap is reduced.

The attached drawing shows a vertical conditioning pan. The upper part constitutes the first conditioning stage of the classic concept with material input i and five floors on which the material is indirectly heated by steam.

According to the invention, the second conditioning stage is provided with a perforated bottom 8, openings for hot air inlet X, exhaust air 5, in the jacket through the sight glasses for monitoring the progress of drying 2, 3, a hatch 6, 2 for material discharge into the screw.

The treated material passes through the ladle from above on individual floors and on the perforated bottom to lunge into the press. On the upper floors, the optimum water content is adjusted to the optimum temperature of 80-110 ° C as soon as possible, and in the lower chamber of the controlled temperature air pan, the amount evaporates in the sernifluid layer from 2-5% of water from the optimum moisture content to needed to obtain a suitable mechanical and porous structure.

Claims (2)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION Process for conditioning oil seeds in a vertical pan, characterized in that, in a second conditioning step, the water in the sernifluidic layer is evaporated at a temperature of 50 to 100 ° C 2. An apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1, comprising a vertical conditioning pan, characterized in that the second conditioning stage is provided with a perforated bottom (8) and air distribution to form a sernifluidic layer of the material to be treated.