CS204996B2 - Process for preparing 2-alkylindane - Google Patents
Process for preparing 2-alkylindane Download PDFInfo
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- CS204996B2 CS204996B2 CS766203A CS620376A CS204996B2 CS 204996 B2 CS204996 B2 CS 204996B2 CS 766203 A CS766203 A CS 766203A CS 620376 A CS620376 A CS 620376A CS 204996 B2 CS204996 B2 CS 204996B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
- C07C49/76—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C49/82—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
- C07C1/22—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms by reduction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/45—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with a bicyclo ring system containing nine carbon atoms
- C07C13/465—Indenes; Completely or partially hydrogenated indenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/65—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by splitting-off hydrogen atoms or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups
- C07C45/66—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by splitting-off hydrogen atoms or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups by dehydration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
- C07C45/72—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction of compounds containing >C = O groups with the same or other compounds containing >C = O groups
- C07C45/75—Reactions with formaldehyde
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2602/00—Systems containing two condensed rings
- C07C2602/02—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having only two atoms in common
- C07C2602/04—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C2602/08—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being five-membered, e.g. indane
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Předmětem vynálezu je způsob výroby 2-alkylindanu.The present invention provides a process for the preparation of 2-alkylindan.
Z dosavadního stavu techniky jsou známy postupy podle US patentů 3 668 241 aProcesses according to U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,668,241 and
078 319, jakož i publikace od Bengt Wesslena. Žádná z těchto prací se však netýká způsobu přípravy sloučenin, jež lze vyrobit způsobem podle vynálezu. Rovněž žádná z těchto publikací sama o sobě nepopisuje souhrn jednotlivých stupňů, tvořících způsob podle vynálezu.078 319, as well as Bengt Wesslen's publications. However, none of these works relates to a process for the preparation of compounds which can be prepared by the process according to the invention. Neither of these publications alone discloses a summary of the individual steps making up the process of the invention.
Způsob podle vynálezu je obzvláště výhodný v průmyslovém měřítku pro svou jednoduchost, nízký počet pracovních stupňů a vynikající výtěžky.The process according to the invention is particularly advantageous on an industrial scale because of its simplicity, low number of operating steps and excellent yields.
2-alkylindanů, připravených způsobem podle vynálezu, je možno použít zejména jako cenných meziproduktů při výrobě protizánětlivých léčiv, jejichž výroba je předmětem čs. patentu č. 204 995.The 2-alkylindanes prepared by the process according to the invention can be used, in particular, as valuable intermediates in the manufacture of anti-inflammatory drugs, the manufacture of which is the subject of U.S. Pat. No. 204,995.
Způsob podle vynálezu k výrobě 2-alkylindanů obecného -vzorce I kdeThe process of the invention for the preparation of 2-alkylindanes of the general formula I wherein
R znamená alkylovou skupinu s 1 až 5 atomy uhlíku v přímém nebo rozvětveném řetězci nebo cykloalkylovou skupinu se 3 až 7 atomy uhlíku, se vyznačuje tím, že seR represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, characterized in that:
a) kondenzuje aromatický keton obecného- vzorce IIa) condenses the aromatic ketone of formula II
kdewhere
R má výše uvedený význam, s formaldehy-dem nebo prekursorem formaldehydu v zásaditém prostředí v polárním o-rganickém rozpouštědle za získání ketoalkoholu obecného vzorce- IIIR is as defined above, with formaldehyde or a formaldehyde precursor in an alkaline medium in a polar organic solvent to give the ketoalcohol of formula III
OO
CH&OH am (I) kdeCH < OH > and m (I) wherein
R má výše uvedený význam, načež seR is as defined above, whereupon
b) uvedený ketoalkohol obecného vzorce III cyklizuje v prostředí kyseliny sírové nebo kyseliny polyfosforečné za získání indanonu obecného vzorce IVb) cyclizing said ketoalcohol of formula III in sulfuric acid or polyphosphoric acid to obtain the indanone of formula IV
O (IV) kdeO (IV) where
R má výše uvedený význam, aR is as defined above, and
c) tento ěndanon obecného vzorce V se zredukuje Clemmensenovou nebo Wolff-Kižněrovou metodou nebo katalytickou hydrogenací za získání požadovaného 2-alkylindanu.c) reducing the indanone of formula (V) by the Clemmensen or Wolff-Kižner method or by catalytic hydrogenation to give the desired 2-alkylindane.
Použití polárního organického rozpouštědla, jako je například tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamid, hexamethylfosfortrlamid a dimethylsulfoxid, ve stupni a) kondenzace . . způsobu podle vynálezu . umožňuje .. zejména zvýšit výtěžek a snížit — při ostatních nezměněných podmínkách — množství použitého výchozího ketonu.Use of a polar organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide and dimethyl sulfoxide in step a) of the condensation. . of the process according to the invention. in particular, it allows to increase the yield and to reduce - under other unchanged conditions - the amount of starting ketone used.
Výhodným organickým polárním rozpouštědlem je dimethylsulfoxid.A preferred organic polar solvent is dimethylsulfoxide.
Při provádění stupně a) je . možno použít jak formaldehydu, tak i „trioxymethylenu“, který . je cyklickým trimerem formaldehydu.In carrying out step a) it is. both formaldehyde and 'trioxymethylene' may be used, which may be used. is a cyclic trimer of formaldehyde.
Způsob podle vynálezu je obzvláště vhodný pro přípravu 2-alkyl-indanů, . u . nichž alkylovým . zbytkem . je ethylový nebo isopropylový · zbytek.The process of the invention is particularly suitable for the preparation of 2-alkyl-indanes. u. of which alkyl. the rest. is an ethyl or isopropyl moiety.
Silnou kyselinou, použitou ve stupni b), může být zejména kyselina . sírová nebo kyselina polyfosforečná.In particular, the strong acid used in step b) may be an acid. sulfuric or polyphosphoric acid.
Redukce ve stupni c) .se může . provádět klasickou reakcí Clemmensenovou nebo Wolff-Kižněrovou nebo katalytickou hydrogenací indanonu obecného vzorce IV.The reduction in step c) can be carried out. by the classical reaction of Clemmensen or Wolff-Kižněr or catalytic hydrogenation of the indanone of formula IV.
K vytvoření zásaditého prostředí ve stupni a) je možno použít například hydroxidu sodného, hydroxidu draselného, alkoholátu, kvarterního hydroxidu . amonného, uhličitanu atd.For example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, alcoholate, quaternary hydroxide can be used to form the basic medium in step a). ammonium, carbonate, etc.
Prekursorem formaldehydu se rozumí polykondenzovaná forma . formaldehydu, která za podmínek ve stupni a) uvolňuje . formaldehyd, jako . je . tomu . například u již výše uvedeného . trtoxy-methylenu.A formaldehyde precursor is understood to be a polycondensed form. formaldehyde which liberates under the conditions of step a). formaldehyde, such as. Yippee . him. for example the above. of trtoxy-methylene.
Způsob podle vynálezu je blíže objasněn v dále uvedených příkladech provedení, které však jeho rozsah nijak neomezují.The process according to the invention is illustrated in more detail by the following non-limiting examples.
Příklad 1Example 1
2-isopropyl-l-fcnylpropae-3-ol-l-oe obecného vzorce III, kde R znamená isopropylový . zbytek2-Isopropyl-1-phenyl-prope-3-ol-1-oe of formula III wherein R is isopropyl. residue
K roztoku 1800 g isovalcrofcnteu a 333 g tritxymethylenu v 550 ml . dimethylsulfoxidu se přikape při teplotě 20 °C 184 . ml . normálního ethanolického roztoku . hydroxidu draselného. Teplota reakčního prostředí se postupně . zvýší ze 20 na 45 °C a . roztok se vyčiří. Po skončení přídavku se reakční směs míchá po 3 hodiny, přičemž reakční teplota klesne na teplotu okolí. . Směs se ponechá stát přes noc, načež se přidá směs vody a ledu a reakční směs se . extrahuje etherem. . Etherová fáze se třikrát promyje vodou a pak se vysuší síranem sodným. Ether se odpaří za sníženého tlaku, čímž se získá 2066 g 2-isopropyl-l-fenylpropan-3-tl-1-onu v podobě bílých krystalů o teplotě tání 46 až 48 °C. Tohoto ketoalkoholu se použije bez jakéhokoliv čištění v dalších . stupních, je však nicméně možné. ho. popřípadě předestiltvat. Teplota . varu za tlaku 266 Pa je 145 až 150 °C. Výtěžek činí . 97 % teorie.To a solution of 1800 g of isovalent and 333 g of tritxymethylene in 550 ml. of dimethyl sulfoxide was added dropwise at 20 ° C 184. ml. normal ethanolic solution. potassium hydroxide. The temperature of the reaction medium is gradually increased. increase from 20 to 45 ° C; and. the solution becomes clear. After the addition was complete, the reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours while the reaction temperature dropped to ambient temperature. . The mixture was allowed to stand overnight, then a mixture of water and ice was added and the reaction mixture was stirred. extract with ether. . The ether phase was washed three times with water and then dried over sodium sulfate. The ether was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 2066 g of 2-isopropyl-1-phenylpropan-3-yl-1-one as white crystals, mp 46-48 ° C. This ketoalcohol is used without further purification in others. degrees, however, is possible. him. optionally pre-filter. Temperature. boiling at 266 Pa is 145-150 ° C. The yield is. 97% of theory.
P ř í k 1 a d 2 - ,Example 1 a d 2 -,
2-Ethyl-lteenyloropaз-t-ol-t-on obecného vzorce III, kde R znamená ethylový zbytek2-Ethyl-1-phenyl-benzo-t-ol-t-one of formula III, wherein R is an ethyl radical
Postupem podle příkladu 1, avšak za použití .200 . g . butyrofenonu se získá . 232. g . . 2-ethyl-l-feeylpropae-3-ol-l-onu o teplotě varu v rozmezí 135 až 140 °C za tlaku 266 Pa. Výtěžek činí 96 % teorie.Using the procedure of Example 1, but using .200. g. butyrophenone is obtained. 232. g. . 2-ethyl-1-feeylpropae-3-ol-1-one having a boiling range of 135-140 ° C at a pressure of 266 Pa. Yield 96%.
Příklad 3Example 3
2-tsoptoyyiidaan-t-on obecného vzorce IV, kde R znamená isopropylový zbytekA compound of formula (IV) wherein R is an isopropyl radical
100 g 2-isopropyl-l-feeylρrtpae-3-ol-lonu se přikape během 15 minut . za . intenzivního míchání, přičemž teplota. se .udržuje pod . 60 °C, ke 220. ml koncentrované kyseliny . sírové . o . hustotě 1,84. Po . skončení.. přídavku se směs ochladí na teplotu pod 50 °C a v. míchání se pokračuje, přičemž se . teplota . reakční . směsi postupně sníží na teplotu okolí. Pak se reakční směs vlije na rozdrcený led a extrahuje etherem.100 g of 2-isopropyl-1-feeyl-rtpae-3-ol-lone are added dropwise over 15 minutes. for. vigorous stirring, taking the temperature. is maintained below. 60 ° C to 220 ml of concentrated acid. sulfuric. o. density 1.84. Mon. When the addition is complete, the mixture is cooled to a temperature below 50 ° C and stirring is continued while stirring. temperature. reaction. the mixture gradually decreases to ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was then poured onto crushed ice and extracted with ether.
Vytvoří se zbytek, . který . zůstane . suspendován v etheru. Tento zbytek . se odstraní dekantací a etherová . fáze se promyje . postupně nasyceným vodným roztokem · chloridu sodného, 5% roztokem hydroxidu sodného, a . opět nasyceným vodným roztokem .chloridu sodného.A residue is formed,. which. will stay. suspended in ether. This rest. is removed by decantation and ether. phase is washed. sequentially with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, 5% sodium hydroxide solution, and. again with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride.
Pak se etherová . fáze vysuší a zahustí za sníženého tlaku. Tím se získá zbytek v .množství 83,8 g (výtěžek 92 . % teorie),- který se podrobí destilaci za sníženého tlaku. Po destilaci zbývá 79 g (výtěžek 87 % teorie) čistého 2-istpгopylindan-l-oeu o teplotě varu 135 °C za tlaku 1596 Pa.Then get ethereal. the phases are dried and concentrated under reduced pressure. This gives a residue of 83.8 g (92% yield) which is distilled under reduced pressure. After distillation, 79 g (87% of theory) of pure 2-isopropylindan-1-oeu remained at a boiling point of 135 DEG C. at 15 mm Hg.
Příklad 4Example 4
2-Ethylindan-l-on . obecného vzorce IV, kde2-Ethylindan-1-one. of formula IV wherein
R znamená ethylový zbytekR is ethyl
Postupem podle příkladu 3, avšak za použití 100 g 2-ethyl-l-fenylpropan-3-ol-l-onu jako výchozí látky se získá 84,5 g 2-ethylindan-l-onu o teplotě varu 144 °C za tlaku 2394 Pa. Výtěžek odpovídá 94 °/o teorie.Using the procedure of Example 3, but using 100 g of 2-ethyl-1-phenylpropan-3-ol-1-one as the starting material, 84.5 g of 2-ethylindan-1-one having a boiling point of 144 ° C at 2394 was obtained. Bye. Yield: 94%.
Příklad 5Example 5
2-lsopropylindan obecného vzorce I, kde R znamená isopropylový zbytek2-Isopropylindane of formula I wherein R is an isopropyl radical
Směs 520 g Zn, 52 g HgClž, 520 ml destilované vody a 26 ml koncentrované kyseliny chlorovodíkové se míchá 5 minut. Po skončení míchání se směs dekantuje. Ke slitině se pak za intenzivního míchání přidá 330 ml destilované vody a 520 ml koncentrované kyseliny chlorovodíkové, načež se zahřívá pod zpětným chladičem.A mixture of 520 g of Zn, 52 g of HgCl2, 520 ml of distilled water and 26 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid is stirred for 5 minutes. After stirring, the mixture was decanted. 330 ml of distilled water and 520 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid are then added to the alloy with vigorous stirring and then heated to reflux.
Za důkladného míchání se pak к reakční směsi přikape roztok 468 g 2-isopropylindan-l-onu v 520 ml ethanolu. Reakce se nechá probíhat 3 hodiny pod zpětným chladičem. Poté se v malých dávkách přidá 520 ml koncentrované kyseliny chlorovodíkové a vWith vigorous stirring, a solution of 468 g of 2-isopropylindan-1-one in 520 ml of ethanol is then added dropwise to the reaction mixture. The reaction was allowed to proceed under reflux for 3 hours. Then 520 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid are added in small portions
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7529658A FR2325625A1 (en) | 1975-09-26 | 1975-09-26 | PROCESS FOR PREPARING 2-ALKYL INDANE |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CS204996B2 true CS204996B2 (en) | 1981-04-30 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CS766203A CS204996B2 (en) | 1975-09-26 | 1976-09-24 | Process for preparing 2-alkylindane |
Country Status (22)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JPS5257157A (en) |
AR (1) | AR210162A1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT346322B (en) |
AU (1) | AU497933B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE846528A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1062286A (en) |
CH (1) | CH595302A5 (en) |
CS (1) | CS204996B2 (en) |
DD (1) | DD126332A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2643074A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK424676A (en) |
ES (1) | ES451697A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2325625A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1500229A (en) |
GR (1) | GR58459B (en) |
HU (1) | HU172481B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7610336A (en) |
NO (1) | NO143703C (en) |
PT (1) | PT65587B (en) |
SE (1) | SE417086B (en) |
SU (1) | SU615847A3 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA765536B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS5975133U (en) * | 1982-11-12 | 1984-05-22 | 金鹿「こて」工業株式会社 | power wire brush |
FR2784986A1 (en) * | 1998-10-26 | 2000-04-28 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Preparation of indanone and thioindanone phytosanitary agents by cyclizing substituted aromatic compound in fluorinated organic sulfonic acid |
FR2788764B1 (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2001-03-02 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF AN INDANONE OR THIOINDANONE COMPOUND |
RU2768714C2 (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2022-03-24 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный лесотехнический университет имени С.М. Кирова" | Method for synthesis of 3-arylindan-1-ones by reaction of super-electrophilic aromatic substitution of cinnamic nitriles |
-
1975
- 1975-09-26 FR FR7529658A patent/FR2325625A1/en active Granted
-
1976
- 1976-08-23 GR GR51532A patent/GR58459B/en unknown
- 1976-08-26 GB GB35449/76A patent/GB1500229A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-09-09 HU HU76HE00000720A patent/HU172481B/en unknown
- 1976-09-13 CH CH1161876A patent/CH595302A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-09-13 PT PT65587A patent/PT65587B/en unknown
- 1976-09-14 JP JP51110660A patent/JPS5257157A/en active Granted
- 1976-09-15 ZA ZA765536A patent/ZA765536B/en unknown
- 1976-09-15 CA CA261,303A patent/CA1062286A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-09-16 NL NL7610336A patent/NL7610336A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-09-17 AR AR264748A patent/AR210162A1/en active
- 1976-09-17 AU AU17879/76A patent/AU497933B2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-09-20 ES ES451697A patent/ES451697A1/en not_active Expired
- 1976-09-21 DK DK424676A patent/DK424676A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-09-23 SU SU762403409A patent/SU615847A3/en active
- 1976-09-23 AT AT707376A patent/AT346322B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-09-24 DD DD194981A patent/DD126332A5/xx unknown
- 1976-09-24 SE SE7610637A patent/SE417086B/en unknown
- 1976-09-24 CS CS766203A patent/CS204996B2/en unknown
- 1976-09-24 DE DE19762643074 patent/DE2643074A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-09-24 NO NO763272A patent/NO143703C/en unknown
- 1976-09-24 BE BE2055330A patent/BE846528A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1062286A (en) | 1979-09-11 |
GR58459B (en) | 1977-10-12 |
GB1500229A (en) | 1978-02-08 |
DD126332A5 (en) | 1977-07-13 |
ZA765536B (en) | 1977-08-31 |
JPS543870B2 (en) | 1979-02-27 |
AT346322B (en) | 1978-11-10 |
AU497933B2 (en) | 1979-01-25 |
PT65587A (en) | 1976-10-01 |
NO143703B (en) | 1980-12-22 |
NO143703C (en) | 1981-04-08 |
AU1787976A (en) | 1978-03-23 |
NL7610336A (en) | 1977-03-29 |
JPS5257157A (en) | 1977-05-11 |
CH595302A5 (en) | 1978-02-15 |
AR210162A1 (en) | 1977-06-30 |
SU615847A3 (en) | 1978-07-15 |
ATA707376A (en) | 1978-03-15 |
SE417086B (en) | 1981-02-23 |
SE7610637L (en) | 1977-03-27 |
PT65587B (en) | 1978-03-28 |
DK424676A (en) | 1977-03-27 |
DE2643074A1 (en) | 1977-04-07 |
NO763272L (en) | 1977-03-29 |
BE846528A (en) | 1977-01-17 |
FR2325625A1 (en) | 1977-04-22 |
ES451697A1 (en) | 1977-08-16 |
FR2325625B1 (en) | 1980-08-01 |
HU172481B (en) | 1978-09-28 |
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