CS203045B2 - Thermal and sound insulating concretes - Google Patents

Abstract

1362614 Insulating concrete ORSZAGOS GUMIIPARI VALLALAT 17 March 1972 [19 March 1971] 12729/72 Heading C1H A thermal and sound insulating concrete or mortar having a density not greater than 1500 kg./m.<3> is prepared by mixing an hydraulic binder, an aggregate and water, the proportion by weight of binder to aggregate being 10-66: 90-34%, the aggregate containing at least 50% by wt. of particulate vulcanized rubber of grain size less than 10 mm., and the rubber forming at least 34% of the combined binder plus aggregate, homogenizing the mixture until foaming and allowing to set. The binder may be Portland cement, CaSO4, lime or magnesia. The rubber is preferably produced from scrap tyres and may contain a natural fibre, synthetic polymeric fibre or glass fibre. The aggregate may include sand, gravel or glass. Gas-releasing agents, e.g. Al, Mg or CaCl2 may be added to the mixture. Other optional additives are additional binders, e.g. water glass, hardening accelerators, plasticizers, colouring agents, fungicides, and fire-retardant agents (e.g. Sb2O3).

Description

The invention relates to thermally and acoustically insulating concretes or building elements produced by using these compositions containing conventional binders, in particular cement, lime or gypsum and auxiliary materials used in the manufacture of concrete.

Recently, a variety of heat and sound insulating materials of the kind discussed in the present invention have been used. In accordance with the general requirements, these materials have certain common characteristics, such as low bulk density and long durability, they must be. quickly applicable to building components, i.e. prefabricated parts of buildings, they are intended to be breathable and to be made from waste materials or from unused material, but which is inexpensive.

Wood waste is known as a concrete filler. However, wood tends to decay, reacting to water, and can be used more advantageously in certain fields, such as wood wool. It is also known to produce mortar or cement mixes serving crushed cork. This material is expensive, reacts to water, does not have sufficient strength, and its manufacturing mooitvi is less

Admixtures of plant fibers to cement are also known. Obtaining multiple kinds of plant fibers is difficult, moreover such fibers exhibit low strength, are sensitive to water and are subject to decay. Additions of paper waste from the climb, chaff and opal. they are also used in other sectors, such as paper, feed and the like.

The use of leather waste as an admixture in concrete is also known. However, such waste is not available in the required quantity and is also used in other sectors.

Furthermore, plastics and elastomers are known as concrete admixtures, which are used primarily because they are water-resistant and have special binding properties. However, all these auxiliary majors are used only in a limited amount because they are expensive.

Products made by these well-known methods have the following characteristics: perlite-encapsulated concrete does not have adequate sound insulation values, is expensive to manufacture and moreover reacts to water, glass fiber admixtures are uneconomical for this purpose, wood waste or sawdust, they are flammable and therefore require special treatment.

Of the synthetically produced foam materials, thermoplastics (such as polystyrene, polyurethane, rigid PVC, soft PVC) and thermosets (such as phenolphalmaldehyde, urea formaldehyde) are most commonly used.

However, these materials are very costly, some of which can only be made from certain raw materials and do not resist traditional construction materials. Therefore, none of the materials produced in a known manner meet all the requirements. While some of these materials meet economic requirements, they do not meet the requirements of durability and quality. Other msaerials satisfy the technical network, but do not suit economically.

It is, therefore, an object of the invention to provide building blocks or individual building elements with thermal and acoustic insulation properties which do not have these drawbacks.

Research has shown that, for example, a mixture of rubber crumb of grain size below mm, cement, especially pellets, water and possibly a preparation to accelerate the hardening of the cement, is mixed to a homogeneous point and foaming, exhibits thermally after extraction. Insulating properties with very favorable results.

The volume ΙΐϋΌηοδί of the mixture depends on the mixing ratio, but in general it may be a mission! expressed in the ratio of the bonding agent to S, whereby the volume hiuo »ncdt finished · μμ31 is a

000 k ^{g //} m ³ .

This can be a very high moisture content because the bulk density and cementitious concrete of about 2,500 kg / m &lt; 2 &gt; several kinds of rubber, textile obsahuuících substance was between 200 »1 kgm 50C ^'i.

The term &quot; VGPt &quot; in relation to the invention may include the formation of air bubbles resulting from the admixture of rubber pulp, cement and water in the production of building materials. This phenomenon is believed to be due to the high air retention rate of several of the polymers present on the surface of the rubber arresters. fatty hip 1 »and the like ::» substaxicí, which is generally already-purposes such as rubber component to exchange other. successively OUT ¹ wvjb n «Vilku.izovaré rubber surface. These substances cross-linked to the rubber surface make them very thin. As a result of their chemical and physical properties, after they have formed the same, the pressure on the air, they do not attract the body, and they also increase the strength of the coating. t ^ ta vpd · sr rubs with other fillers such as Jr Štěr, pi set a

The ability to bind and attract air into the mixture can also be due to the fact that the rubber is also irregular ( ^even irregularly shaped). Consequently, the mixing of concrete, mortar and concrete cement and rubber pulp, always contains air pores, distributed throughout the entire construction material.

The air-filled pores form an unconnected OAPHAR system, which causes very good breathability. The final product shows a uniform lóϊlsvitsst. If you need to get a mat! Higher flame-retardant or gas-releasing agents, such as, for example, aluminum, calcium carbonate or calcium chloride, and the like can be used.

The high air and rubber sound and tear values are generally known: rubber - 0.14 tcel / mh ° C at 20 ° C, air = 3.0216 ° C / 10 ° C at 20 ° C. After sowing, it is advisable to give a concrete conductivity of 1.30 koal / mh ° C at 20 ° C.

<03045

When used together in a mixture, the thermal and acoustic insulating properties of the SiO2! is significantly improved when compared to conventional concrete. In addition, since three substances of different hardness are combined in one direction, the product has improved acoustic damping properties. It is also known that different substances absorb or sound waves differently.

The drawbacks of the prior art are eliminated by the heat-insulating concretes according to the invention, which is based on the fact that, as an admixture of both ground rubber, the ground rubber is at a maximum grain size of 10 mm in a textile material. the binder to the additive is 10 to 70 to 90 to 30, while the textile material constitutes up to 25 percent of the total weight of the composition.

It is also an object of the invention that the vulcanized ground rubber and / or the ground rubber containing the textile rubber. it is obtained from worn tires, from scrap tires or from vulcanized rubber waste.

It is also an object of the invention that the textile fabric in the spunbond rubber is natural cotton, linen or silk or synthetic fibers, in particular polyamide, polyester, viscose, polyethylene or polypropylene and / or glass fiber.

An advantage of the invention is that maat can be applied to masonry as well as maat to a traditional type. In addition, the plaster acquires other favorable properties which do not take up in a traditional way mortars.

Density. thermally in sound insulating mats, concrete in products made of them. It depends on the loading of the filler and so can vary from 500 kg / m to <500 kg / m 2, and thus it is also possible to spill the pressure. from 0.1 kg / ca / to 100 kg, · cm v · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · The relevant values of thermal water votϋ are between 0.10 and 1.00 kcvl / rnh · oop The bulk density is particularly high. mixing ratio, in response to 5 to 60% at 512 Hz for a 5 cm thick layer.

. Other technical materials according to the invention are dependent on the fact that they are: eéchalcká parameters · c.; V ^T ^ νbbínícl οό such as m-and-ones, plasters, concretes fat · // οησα be further ovllvňuváp · · y ^ uěrw binder / · ·? cejmntu, labels? lime, magnesium chloride similarly to plnidllm, jvko <·· ·; .. ··> »p / _'{ьН RNI · · · <· rubber with the OECD-hum textile substances, which specifically depends ns / ch. The binder may range from about 10 to about 70 percent of the total weight of the binder. ⁱⁿ to 30 percent hmtnottt ..

Specifically, the mttr: socket is e <normally-or or 3UoJov \ for the storage for .ì / toax · tO: ώ work <. • '. parts, for ott. · o ·· j: Ίi ^, pt ·: with one layer -, ebu more temperature <w.é and syncs ize -, χ. · сзКсь !. Mte ^ I ^ i ^ VVl. moth b ^; · Р? Ш as prr výrr '=. load-bearing elements d melting _: which. ; r ;. ^? - ^? ne thermal in «shrink / insulating Лткс / лак j '' castle thermal and sši-tutvij per dokur-čené 'кьуь»

3'υ mixing can. <Л <аг.г '<· .t.jypán and Tizpro.ílu .1: Ovpy „·' /.? C ть ntry · .. ·. according to the purpose of the method. where ués. As well as the etiquette, the adherent part of the construction f.c & tóš r · -; <£ together. Its volume ΚοοΟϊϊ031 may be ·. ... ··. . o · -ρ ... .-- aAre in the mixing 'nemdv-'. weca.vlx ··? ·? ^ »

y ě š Un------Un---------- It is His prod. ke- / m / d · • n-.Am <-use using some 8'ie OTN ^ -E ^ · m r complex tteiálů zújPefX ^Ί * '-.у z''·<· Betonim made in accordance VYR .Pler.u, my. their volume does not change, or increases over time, as it is moderate. .

evnu & l. · Bending 'of concrete, mortar and sVv \ v <hb lightweight parts η ... * you.''' / Can be increased, p ^^ iajtís: "'лг / pdb md .. for example some <ь. _: Лт t "'cal<y rat as sirens, νέpenatý the like, eg.' _U i přdsůreof» in čásoДc afflicting _with VLA as školných e "at a high solid-T., Which are л ··, ·· ddáni · Du v, j? S ^, ev, or use of% i metal;

2C3045 4

Fibers have high tensile strength and adhesion and provide excellent thermal and acoustic insulation. In this way, prefabricates of this kind can be produced as ceiling panels, load-bearing wall panels and panel partitions. This makes it possible to use components made in a single operation, thus simplifying the technology used so far.

Components of this type can be manufactured in panel production in standard and standard sizes and can be easily transported and stored by painting. Due to the porous structure, the components are frost-resistant and thus applicable to the exterior parts of buildings exposed to the weather.

Currently, only a few percent of the worn tires can be used mainly in the rubber industry as a re-used raw material. The remainder merely increases the difficulty of storing this at a global scale.

Products made according to the invention, such as concrete, mmata and components made of these materials, jakoο;) osti in particular as good thermal and acoustic insulating properties, low volume hmoonnst, can be transported cheaply and can be used quickly and easily, the production method is simple both in the lumber works and directly at the construction site and can be made using traditional raw materials available on the domestic market. Furthermore, compared to known types of concrete, this material has a substantially lower thermal conductivity, the layers made of it exhibit considerable vibration absorption, are breathable to air and vapor, the material also exhibits high sound absorption, and generally prevents the reproduction of fungi and microorganisms.

Exemplary embodiments of the inventive coils are shown in the drawings.

Fig. 2 shows the heat and sound insulating building element in horizontal position, Fig. 2 shows the heat and sound insulating building element in horizontal position, which also has a supporting function, Fig. 3 shows the heat and sound insulating building element in horizontal position , provided with a supporting frame, on the obn. 4 is again a thermal and acoustic insulating building element having a supporting function and provided with a supporting frame, but additionally comprising a prestressed glass fiber or steel reinforcement; FIG. In Fig. 6 is a thermal and acoustic insulating element with a lower thermal and acoustic insulating layer placed in a horizontally delimited space, in Fig. 7 is a horizontally placed thermal and acoustic insulating building element composed of several insulating layers, in Fig. 8 a heat and sound insulating aateriái for filling the gaps between one t ^ v ^ and structural elements in FIG. 9 is a vertically arranged building heat and sound insulating element, FIG. 10 ₄ is vertically mounted heat and sound insulating building element who kept can fill the space between the support and cover materials, in Fig. 11 it is vertically supported, support and at the same time heat and sound insulating building element with prestressed glass fiber reinforcement or steel reinforcement, in Fig. 12 is a heat and sound insulating material for vertical load-bearing building elements, in Fig. 13 is a vertically mounted, heat and sound insulating element which also has Fig. 14 shows a horizontally laid, heat and acoustic insulating building element with glass fiber or steel reinforcement; Fig. 15 shows a vertically placed support panel with a thermal and acoustic insulation layer on the inner side; vertically laid back panel with thermal and acoustic insulation layer on the outside, Fig. 17 shows a vertically laid back panel with thermal and acoustic insulation layer on both sides, Fig. 18 shows a vertically laid back panel with thermal and acoustic insulation layer, both sides, combined with the cover material, in FIG.

Figure 20 is a thermal and acoustic insulating layer for a horizontally mounted load-bearing building element; Figure 20 is a thermal and acoustic insulating layer for ceiling structures; Figure 21 is an alay for warm and glitter-free middle surfaces; a material for making an additional heat and sound insulating layer deposited on the building element under the upper covering, in FIG. Fig. 23 is a material for the cover layer to be additionally deposited on the building elements; Fig. 24 is a material for producing various flat, arcuate and otherwise shaped thermally and acoustically insulating elements.

The individual components are marked as follows:

- thermal and acoustic insulating mttria ^ 1.) 2 - bearing, 3 - pressure, 4 - fiberglass reinforcement, 5 - supporting frame, 6 - groove in the supporting frame, 7 - supporting part of the panel, 8 - covering of compressive forces 9 - a support or cover mιtí ^ i ^ i ^ ι ^ _t 2L 10 - structural part, 11 - part of the structure defining the space horizontally, 12 - carrier or cover οθ ζ- ^ ^ ι 13 - supporting or covering MJER ^ i ^]., 14 - bearing structure, 15 - bearing bearing; 16 - bearing structure, 17 - outer space, 18 - inner space, 19 - thermal and acoustic insulation (inside), 20 - thermal and acoustic insulation (outside), 21 - supporting structure, 22 - cover material, 23 - supporting structure, except ^! space horizontally, 24 · - bearing layer, 25 - floor covering, 26 - insulating layer, 27 - ventilation opening, 28 - thermal and acoustic insulating surface layer, 2'9 - covering layer, 30 - building structure, 31 - lining.

Example 1

500 grams of grit of 2-4 mm grain size, 500 grams of Class 4 Class 500 Portland cement is dry blended for 1, then 200 grams of water is added and mixing is continued until the mixture has the appropriate density required for the milling or concrete.

The material so produced is used as a thermal and acoustic insulating layer after foaming and curing, or as a starting product for the production of building prefabricated elements having the following characteristics: compression strength 14.5 kg / cm, bulk density 1000 kg / m and water absorption 10-15 percent by weight.

Example 2

500 g of rubber wire with a grain size of 0 to 2 mm, 500 g of Portland cement of class 500 a

350 g of water are added for 2 hours. The procedure is the same as for example i.

3 compressive strength 11 kg / cm, bulk density 870 kg / m and water absorption 10-15 percent by weight.

Example 3

500 g of grit of 2-4 mm grain size, 370 g of Class 500 Portland cement are mixed, then 200 g of water are added and mixing is continued for a further 2 minutes. The procedure is identical to Example 1. The pressure is 5.5 kg / cm, the density is 777 kg / m, the water absorption is 15 to 20 percent by weight.

Example 4

500 g of rubble of 0 to 2 mm grain size, 370 g of class 500 Portland cement and

430 g of water are mixed for 2 minutes. The same procedure as in Example 1 follows. Vastnooti: η Ί compressive strength 5 kg / cm ⁴ ', volume density 730 kg / m 2, water absorption 15 to 20 percent by weight.

Example 5.

500 g of 0 to 2 mm grit rubber, 370 g of Portland 500 class cement, 1.05 g of alupigm ^ent GGT aluminum powder are mixed for 2 minutes, then admixed with 430 g of water and continued for a further 2 minutes. 01θ ^ ζ101, which has a maca density, is poured into the mold. After the formation of gases caused by the superfluous agents that have been added to the mixture, the material cures and is used as a heat and sound insulating layer between the building components.

3

Properties: compressive strength 2.5 kg / cm, volume density 500 kg / m ·, water absorption 30 to 35 percent by weight.

б

Example б

500 g of rubber rubble from tires containing at least 20% by weight of textile substance units (the tires are treated without metal reinforcement) and 500 g of Portland cement (class 500) are blended aucha for 2 minutes, then add 45θ g of water and continue mixing 1.5 minutes. The following procedure is the same as Example 1. Properties: Compressive strength 7.2 kg / cm ² , density 750 kg / m 2 water absorption 30 to 40 percent by weight.

Example 7

500 g of grit of 2-4 mm grain size, 250 g of Class 500 Portland cement are mixed for 1 minute, then 200 g of water is added and mixing is continued for another minute. The same procedure as in Example 1 follows. Properties: Compressive strength 1.5 kg / cm ² , bulk density 630 kg / m 2, and water absorption 25 to 30 percent by weight.

Example 8

500 g of grit of 0 to 2 mm grain size and 250 g of Portland cement are mixed for 1 minute, then 400 g of water are added and mixing is continued for another minute. The same procedure as in Example 1 follows: Properties: Compressive strength 1.45 kg / cm 2, bulk density 630 kg / m 2, and water absorption 30 to 35 percent by weight.

Example 9

500 grams of 2 to 4 mm grit rubber and 370 grams of Portland Class 500 were mixed for 1 minute, then a solution of 200 grams of water and 5 grams of calcium chloride as solidification accelerator and sodium nitrate as a corrosion protection agent were added. before stirring for 10 seconds and the whole mixture is stirred for an additional minute. The same procedure as in Example 1 follows.

The hardening of the material thus made is 20 to 30 percent faster and concrete or mortar can be mixed at low temperatures of up to -10 ° (b) Properties: compressive strength

3

5.3 kg / cm, bulk density 775 kg / m ^{&lt; 3} &gt; and water absorption of 15 to 20 percent by weight.

Example 10

500 g of grit of 2-4 mm grain size, 250 g of 500 class Portland cement and 250 g of river sand are mixed for 1 minute, then 350 g of water is added and mixing is continued for another Mnut. The same procedure as for the eyes of the invention follows: Properties: pressure to 4.5 kg / cm ^{@ 4} , density: 950 kg / m and absorption in water at 15 to 20% by weight.

Example 11

509 g of grit of 0 to 2 mm grain size and 35θ g of mortar are mixed for 1 minute, then 500 g of water are added and mixing is continued for a further 1.5 minutes. The same procedure as in Example L follows. Properties: Compressive strength 2.3 kg / cm ² , oil density 740 kg / kg, and absorption of 35-40 percent by weight.

Example 12

500 g of grit of 2-4 mm grain size, 350 g of mortar and 450 g of water are mixed for 2 minutes, o

The same procedure as in Example 1 follows. Properties: compressive strength 2.5 kg / cm, bulk density 740 kg / m &lt; 2 &gt; and water absorption 35 to 40 percent by weight.

Example 13

500 g of grit of 0 to 2 mm grain size, 500 g of slaked lime slurry and 250 g of water are mixed for 1.5 minutes. The mortar thus produced is used as a heat and sound insulating material after curing. Properties: compressive strength 1 kg / cm ² , bulk density 520 kg / m 2 and water absorption 35 to 45 percent by weight.

Example 14

500 g of grit of 0 to 2 mm grain size, 400 g of slaked lime slurry, 150 g of Portland 500 class cement and 250 g of water are mixed for one minute. The material is used according to Example 23 du 13. Properties: compressive strength 2 kg / cm, bulk density 550 kg / m and water absorption 35 to 40 percent by weight.

Example 15 g of antimony trioxide are mixed with the concrete mixture prepared according to Example 7 and this mixture is mixed for a further 0.5 minutes. The same procedure as in the example follows

1. Material produced in this manner exhibits increased fire resistance. Properties: compressive strength 1.5 kg / cm, bulk density 640 kg / m and water absorption 25 to 30 percent by weight.

Claims (3)

1. Thermal and acoustic insulating concretes and / or building elements produced by using these compositions containing conventional binders, in particular cement, lime or gypsum, and auxiliaries used in the manufacture of concrete, in particular solidification accelerators, cohesion improvers, gas and pore-forming agents and / or dyes of bactericidal and / or fungicidal substances used for the protection of concrete, characterized in that they contain, as an additive, a ground rubber having a grain size of 10 mm and containing a textile mass, wherein the weight ratio is / pi k7 The composition is 1070 to 90-30, while the textile material constitutes up to 25 percent of the total weight of the composition. Heat-insulating concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that the ground and vulcanized rubber and / or the ground rubber containing the textile material is obtained from pumped-on veneers, from discarded tire products. or from vulcanised rubber waste. 3- Thermal and acoustic insulating concretes according to rolls 1 n 2, characterized by a textile material. In vulcanized rubber, natural fibers are cotton,! ¥ · <! hsCable or synthetic fiber, especially polyamide, polyester, viscose, polycЪ ^; polylpy is pollen and / or scleronic fiber.