CS202902B1 - Assembled dry floor - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the production of prefabricated dry floors eliminating the wet processes of manufactured floors in the field of construction in residential buildings, office buildings, halls, and halls, in buildings of both production and non-production nature, including urban amenities and housing estates.

So far, a wet process, in particular concreting, has generally been used in flooring production. A leveling layer with a partial thermal insulating effect of bulk material, such as sand or rubble, is applied to the supporting structure. By placing another layer of compact material, the thermal insulation effect is increased and the sound attenuation ability of the floor is increased to a certain extent. Neither of these layers is statically supportive. For this reason, underlay concretes with screed are used as a load-bearing element of the floor. However, this is a so-called wet process, which must be protected against water, given the underlying layers and the bearing structure of the ceiling as well as the walls to the height of the concrete mixture by laying an additional insulating layer of un sandblasted cardboard and asphalt coating. Only after the foundation concrete has been matured is the floor covering layer laid. If a dry process is used, various material variants such as foundry sand, slag sand and the like are used and combined with the solution.

sewn layer of particle board and similar materials. The sheathing of plastic and similar materials used as treads does not withstand the stresses generated by the point load. Tread layers of frieze or parquet type carry these pressures considerably better, but even with these tread layers the technological procedure does not allow their laying without. sufficiently rigid support pads. In both traditional examples, the backing is represented by screed concrete. This layer, as a wet process, is technologically demanding and requires quite a long time from the construction schedule (the maturing time of concrete requires at least three weeks of technological break of other related craft work). In winter, the sub-concretes cannot be realized without special thermal engineering measures (heating of the building by so-called coke-oven, which is caused by China, fires, or for example by provisional connection of central heating, etc.).

The construction of thin-layered floors, the so-called "floating floors" used for modern technological units, is characterized by a relatively low thermal and acoustic insulating ability, low acoustic attenuation. From the point of view of fire protection, the materials used, in whole or in part, are tangible, flammable or flame-retardant. Self-extinguishing treatments for plastics require significant treatment costs while not meeting the parameters required by fire protection (inspection). Even at low temperatures of about 100 ° C their strength is generally zero and the plastics are so deformed that they do not serve their original purpose. Some, like polystyrene (foam), evaporate at these and lower temperatures. Economically, these technologies are expensive. Due to the shorter lifetime of these existing floor constructions than the construction lifetime, these floors require expensive overhauls in operation for two, three or more replacements of these floors (depending on the type of floor used) for the lifetime of the entire construction. None of the floors used so far are absolutely waterproof for operation in areas where hot water is used (washrooms, showers, etc.), as evidenced by overhauls of newly built dormitories and school facilities, spa facilities and swimming pools, etc. for a construction height of 5 cm or less, they do not allow for quality laying of mosaic parquet.

The above-mentioned drawbacks are remedied by the assembled dry floor according to the invention, with a rigid underlay placed on a layer of bulk material, characterized in that the underlay is metal and the embankment is of an inorganic thermal and acoustic insulating material whose bulk density is less than 500 kg per cubic meter. most preferably less than 200 kg / m ³ and the thermal conductivity is less than 0.06 kcal / mh ° C, for example of expanded iperlite. As a metal backing, it is possible to use a flat, pressed or otherwise shaped sheet of various metals, a laminated sheet of plastics or a metal closed foil filled with expanded perlite or another substrate corresponding to the above mentioned parameters. On this substrate is a conventional or simplified technology the position selected by the top layer which, in use, metal plate with satisfactory coating is not necessary, therefore, evaporation _(DA, and is thus made entirely installed in a dry floor characterized by low height, a high degree of thermal and sound insulation properties, improved sound attenuation, waterproofness, fire resistance, flexibility and increased lifetime for the duration of the construction.

The progress of prefabricated dry flooring is mainly that it can be produced 1 in the winter directly on site in the dimensions of the room under consideration, or can be produced in. specialized production plants in different sized panels of modular dimensions, from which the required floor dimension is composed and can be used for buildings such as office, school, housing, civic amenities, industrial, etc.

A further development of prefabricated dry flooring is that a lightweight and higher quality floor is produced with improved thermal and acoustic insulation and improved sound attenuation, which together create a more comfortable home or work environment. The application of metal underlay in the production of floors for wet premises, laundries, showers, washrooms, etc. using galvanized sheet metal or aluminum, or other suitable material, results in absolute waterproofing of the floor. The use of expanded perlite and the properties of substances similar to it results in the fire resistance of the floor. By using a layer of expanded perlite and a metal backing, the required degree of floor elasticity is achieved. The use of inorganic substances in the floor assembly achieves an extended lifetime up to the lifetime of the entire building, so that it does not need to be replaced several times as with organic substances. The choice of construction materials according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a low construction height of the floor construction while maintaining or improving the existing technical parameters. From the point of view of the building organization, less material types and better utilization of the regional material base are achieved. The production process results in a faster, less-sophisticated flooring without wet processes, allowing for continuous laying of floors even during winter investment construction, so that the workmanship is not prolonged or delayed and can start 3 weeks earlier because this technology shortens the original construction schedule the necessary technological break. Due to the fact that prefabricated dry floors are laid only after the completion of all craft work, including painting, there is no need for cleaning and washing after painting and laying of floors can be included at the end of IV. stages of the construction schedule. The prefabricated dry floor eliminates the risk of fire from makeshift, heating sources such as open coke heating baskets, etc., for the implementation of the wet process in winter. Saves the thermal energy needed for laying and maturing floors with underlay concrete in this winter. From the economic point of view, the construction of the actual floor according to the invention is cheaper. Wipe away thermal energy at the time of its operation from the final building approval to the entire lifetime of the building, which is not taken into account in today's projects. It ensures a more uniform temperature of all materials used in the construction, a more even thermal environment, thus reducing the inner material density and dilatation effects, especially on the highest and lowest floors. From the whole society point of view, the whole building can be put into use three weeks earlier, which reduces the building under construction and increases the turnover of investment capital. Based on the solidity of the floor and the more comfortable home or work environment created, u202902 '6 is a pre-installed dry floor for the user's satisfaction, thus enhancing confidence in the new construction technology, ie the expansion and popularity and manufacturing merits of panel construction. This product gives the possibility to increase the proportion of prefabrication of the construction and to establish another production department with new job opportunities. Other substrates of inorganic nature with thermal and acoustic insulation and attenuation properties having similar technical characteristics, such as expanded perlite, can also be processed and utilized for this product. The use of a metal backing partially protects against wear on soft cladding, which is otherwise quickly damaged by high point loads when walking in footwear with stiletto heels, in pallet transport operations, etc.

The attached drawing shows a cross-section of an assembled dry floor in one embodiment of the invention. It is an alternative using a metal molded underlay with a combination of polyvinyl chloride wear layer and expanded perlite fill.

After all craftsmanship, the coarse dirt is removed from the structure 1 as in all types of floors. The expanded perlite 2 or similar substrate is spread over the support structure 1, cutting the expanded perlite paper bag underneath a long cut and slowly sliding the perlite bag over the support structure to layer the material at an appropriate height (depending on the slant slope) and it stays in place without dust. After the layer 2 has been leveled to the required height, a rigid washer 3, for example of pressed metal sheet or straight metal sheet, is laid. If necessary, the embossments 4, for example asphalt or bitumen perlite, as well as the edges of the rigid backing, are optionally sealed from above. Then, a binder 5 is applied to the leveled underlay to connect the underlay to the top tread of the floor. The type and amount of binder is determined by the technological properties of the wear layer 6, which is laid in a conventional or simplified manner. In some cases, the underlay pad may be omitted. The floor is terminated at the wall with a molding

7.

The invention can be applied in addition to the production of prefabricated dry floors as well as for the production of roof cladding, in the same way as for the installation of prefabricated dry floors including laying a metal backing, for example of galvanized sheet metal. A binder, preferably asphalt or bitumenperlite, is applied to the leveled substrate to connect the substrate to the waterproofing layer, for example, asphalt board. Depending on whether the roof is to be walkable or not, a wear layer (preferably of thermal insulation materials such as ceramic tiles) is placed on the insulating layer. The invention can also be applied to the production of complete or multi-layered floor and roof panels manufactured in modular dimensions. Expanded perlite wrapped in metal foils, such as aluminum foil, manufactured in modular and other dimensions, can be used not only for the rapid production of prefabricated dry flooring with different flooring layers, roofing, but in reverse order of layer layering after bitumen, bitumenperlit or other bonding. It can also be used for ceilings of ceilings that are particularly stressed, such as cellar lounges (wine bars and other premises) in old buildings, where it forms a thermal bridge against the formation of dew point and thus the deterioration of the building. Dew point control can be used for colonnade and spa operation rooms below pools and other areas with higher relative humidity environments. The final ceiling is solved by the architect. Also, expanded perlite metal backing panels may be applied to the perimeter vertical sheath in the reverse manufacturing process, i.e., a bent metal backing with a coating, such as laminated plastic or aluminum, etc., is placed on the bottom of the panel form, face down, it is filled with expanded perlite and poured with perlit concrete or other concrete mixture and compacted according to the required strength and type of panel, which corresponds to the inserted concrete mixer. The complete use of the elements and components listed here as prefabricated dry floors, roofing, soffits and vertical thermal and acoustic insulation cladding and vertical partition walls made on the basis of a rigid metal backing and embankment of the stated technical parameters, such as expanded perlite, achieves a more uniform temperature and sound levels of building constructions and spaces of the given environment, such as flats, special workrooms and dispatching centers, movable cells of the title equipment, sanitary facilities of buildings, cottages, etc. demanding on temperature stability and minimum noise of the indoor environment.

Claims (1)

Prefabricated dry floor with a rigid underlay placed on a layer of bulk material, characterized in that the underlay is made of metal and the embankment is of an inorganic thermal and sound insulating material whose volume BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION the weight is less than 500 kg / m ³ , in particular less than 200 kg / m ³ , and the thermal conductivity is less than 0.06 kcaVmh ° C, for example of expanded perlite.