CS202730B1 - Armoured fibrous web,method of and apparatus for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Description

( ⁵⁴ ) Reinforced fibrous sheet formation, process for its manufacture and apparatus for doing so

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a flat fiber structure of staple or filaments for the production of nonwoven fabrics, which achieves higher utility properties through the use of reinforcing materials, and to a method for manufacturing the same and apparatus for carrying out the method.

The prior art fiber layers used in the production of nonwoven fabrics are manufactured in the form of longitudinally oriented webs of fibrous, webs of crosswise or longitudinally oriented webs, randomly oriented webs of filaments, or webs of continuous filaments. Machinery for the production of these forms of layers are generally known, but they are carding machines cotton, wool, garnets and druzets with a possible combination and punching devices, pneumatic web formers, hydrodynamic machines, machines for the production of spunbond fleece or eplel fleece of continuous filaments.

The properties of the aforementioned types of fiber layers, and thus to a large extent the properties of the finished products made therefrom, depend mainly on the fiber material used, the fiber orientation in the fiber layer and the quality of any pre-hardening which is carried out by known methods such as due to these operations, the utility properties of the fiber layers increase, but mainly only in connection with the facilitation of subsequent processing, even when handling the layers, or

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202 730 as a necessary technological operation. The mechanical-physical properties of the final product are only influenced to a lesser extent by the above methods. For example, by using more strongly oriented fibers in the fiber layer, it is possible to achieve a higher strength of the final product in a given direction, but at the expense of a strength in a direction perpendicular to it. Compensation for these differences could be accomplished by combining two fiber layers, for example, oriented perpendicularly to each other, which would result in both complexity of production equipment and technological. Despite these combinations, in many cases the desired parameters of the final product, ie strength, ductility, swelling, etc., cannot be achieved.

The aforementioned drawbacks are overcome by the use of a reinforced sheet according to the invention, which is based on a fiber layer produced by known methods, reinforced in a transverse or longitudinal direction, or a combination of said directions, by yarn formations of staple or endless natural or artificial fibers. These lowers may be located either on the outside of the fiber layer or within the fiber layer. This reinforced sheet is suitable for further processing in the production of nonwovens and, depending on the quality of the reinforcing material, the desired parameters can be achieved in the final product.

According to the invention, the transverse threads are guided in a tensioned state between two endless chain conveyors running in parallel and parallel. These conveyors are guided outside the press rollers so that the thread plane passes through the roll press nip. Partial fiber layers are introduced into the press slot together with the yarns, already in the form of pre-reinforced fibrous webs or pre-reinforced nonwoven webs or spunbonded nonwoven webs, pre-reinforced layers of randomly arranged endless materials etc., or various combinations thereof. At least one of said components must contain a suitable adhesive which, under the effect of pressure and possibly heat, allows the individual fiber layers to be joined together by reinforcing threads. In addition to the aforementioned use of parallel cross threads, longitudinal threads can be used in combination with them for reinforcing.

After interconnection of the individual layers by reinforcing yarns, the transversely mounted reinforcing yarns, which, after leaving the press zone, carry the reinforced fiber layer, are removed from the transport chains and the reinforced reel thus produced is wound into a large-pack form and ready for further processing.

The various types of reinforced fiber layers and devices forming these layers are shown in the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a reinforced fiber sheet composed of two partial fiber layers and transverse threads; Figure 2 a reinforced fiber sheet composed of one Fig. 3 a reinforced fiber sheet composed of one partial fiber sheet and transverse and longitudinal threads, Fig. 4 a reinforced fiber sheet composed of two partial fiber sheets and transverse and longitudinal threads, Fig. 5 a reinforced fiber sheet composed of a single fiber layer and transverse and longitudinally threaded threads; Fig. 6 a reinforced fiber sheet formed by two partial fiber layers and transverse threads; Fig. 7 a reinforced fiber sheet consisting of one d Fig. 9 a reinforced fiber sheet composed of one partial fiber layer and a crosswise and longitudinally extending thread, FIG. 9 a reinforced fiber sheet consisting of two partial fiber layers and a transverse and longitudinally extending threads; FIG. 10 shows a reinforced fiber sheet composed of two partial fibrous layers and transverse and longitudinally threaded threads;

FIG. 1 shows a reinforced fiber sheet consisting of a lower partial fiber layer 1 made of either staple or filament, and an upper partial fiber layer 2 made of either staple or filament, of crosswise laid yarns. and a continuous or discontinuous layer of a suitable adhesive, either in the form of, for example, a thermoplastic powder, dispersion, fibers, foil or lattice. The individual fiber layers 1 and 2 enclose the transverse threads 4 with the aid of adhesive 4.

These can be located in the reinforced sheet formation both on the neutral axis and off to one side or the other - depending on the thickness of the fiber layers 1 and 2 used. The fiber layers 1 and 2 are only connected to each other in the areas between the cross threads.

FIG. 2 shows a reinforced fiber sheet consisting of a lower fiber layer 1 made of either staple or continuous filaments and transverse reinforcing threads 6 and a continuous or discontinuous layer of a suitable adhesive 6, for example in the form of dispersions , thermoplastic fibers, foil, grid or powder. The transverse reinforcing threads 8 are glued to the lower fiber layer 1 by means of adhesive 4.

FIG. 3 shows a reinforced fiber sheet consisting of a lower fiber layer 1 made of either staple or continuous filaments, transverse reinforcement threads 6, longitudinal reinforcement threads 6 and a continuous or discontinuous layer of a suitable adhesive. , for example in the form of thermoplastic powders, fibers, grids, films or dispersions. The transverse threads 8 are glued to the lower partial fiber layer 1 in less than one length by means of an adhesive 4, the longitudinal threads 4 only in the sections between the transverse threads 6.

Fig. 4 shows a reinforced fiber sheet consisting of a lower partial fiber layer 1 made of either staple or filament, an upper partial fiber layer 2 made of either staple or filament, and a transverse reinforcement threads 6, longitudinally extending reinforcement threads 6 and a continuous or discontinuous layer of a suitable adhesive 6, for example in the form of thermoplastic powders, films, grids, fibers or dispersions. The fiber layers 1 and 2 are interconnected only in the free areas between the reinforcing threads 6 and 6.

FIG. 5 shows a reinforced fiber sheet consisting of a lower fiber layer 1 made of either staple or continuous filaments, transversely reinforced yarns 4 and longitudinally reinforced yarns 4 on which adhesive 5 is placed, for example in the form of thermoplastic powders or dispersions. The longitudinally threaded yarns 72 are adhered to the partial fiber layer 1 over the entire length. The transverse threads 6 are adhered to the fiber layer 1 only at the points of intersection with the longitudinal threads 6, the other sections of the transverse threads 11 are not glued.

Fig. 6 shows a reinforced fiber sheet consisting of a lower fiber layer 1 made of staple or continuous filaments and comprising uniformly distributed adhesive 2, for example in the form of powder or fibers, over the entire cross-section of the layer, further comprising an upper fiber The fibrous layers 2, made of staple or filament cells and containing uniformly distributed adhesive 6 over the entire cross-section of the layer, for example in the form of powder or fibers, and longer crosswise reinforcing yarns J. The fibrous layers 1 and 2 are interconnected by adhesive on the one hand, in the areas between the cross-threads J, and on the other hand 2

Fig. 7 shows a reinforced fiber sheet consisting of a lower fiber layer 1 made of staple or continuous filaments and containing uniformly distributed adhesive throughout the cross-section of the adhesive, for example in the form of thermoplastic powders or fibers, and crosswise reinforcing yarns which are adhered to this layer in full length by means of an adhesive 2 contained in the fiber layer 1.

FIG. 8 shows a reinforced fiber sheet consisting of a lower fiber layer 1 made of staple or continuous filaments and comprising a uniformly distributed adhesive 2 over the entire cross-section of the layer, for example in the form of thermoplastic powders or fibers of transverse reinforcement threads ²⁸ of longitudinally extending reinforcement threads. The transversely laid yarns 4 are adhered to the fibrous layer 1 by means of an adhesive 20 over the entire length.

Fig. 9 shows a reinforced fiber sheet consisting of a lower partial fiber layer 1 made of staple or filament cell, and an upper partial fiber layer 2 made of staple or filament cell of transverse reinforcement threads And longitudinally extending reinforcement threads. The two fiber layers 1 and 2 comprise an evenly distributed adhesive 6 over their entire cross-section, for example in the form of thermoplastic powders or fibers. The reinforcing yarns 4 and 6 are adhered by means of an adhesive 2 between the fiber and layers 1 and 2 in full lengths. The fiber layers 1 and 2 are interconnected in the areas between the reinforcement threads 2 and 6 and, on the other hand, through reinforcement threads 4 and 6.

Fig. 10 shows an aramid fiber sheet consisting of a lower partial fiber layer 1 made of staple or filament cell, and an upper fiber layer 2 made of staple or filament cell, of transverse reinforcement threads 2 and longitudinally extending reinforcing yarns 6 on which the adhesive is placed, for example in the form of thermoplastic powders or dispersions. The reinforcing threads 4 and 6 are glued between the fiber layers 1 and 2 by means of adhesive 2,

202 730 such that the longitudinally threaded threads 4 are adhered between the fiber formations 1 and 2 in full length and the transversely threaded threads J are glued between the fiber layers only at the intersection points with the longitudinally threaded threads 4.

FIG. 11 shows an apparatus for producing a reinforced fiber sheet. The apparatus consists of an upper pressable cylinder 11 with heating and a lower cylinder 12, on each side of which endless conveyor chains 13 are arranged for supporting the cross-threads J, so that the plane of the cross-threads 2 passes through the pressing gap between the rolls 11 and 12. the unwinding of the fiber layers 1 and 2 serves the unwinding device 10. located below the plane of the cross threads 2 » ^{and the} unwinding device 16, located above the plane of the cross threads 2 ·

The cutting device 17 and 18 is used to trim the individual fiber layers 1 and 2 to the width of the press slot. In the event that binder is deposited on the longitudinally spun yarn 4, maintained at the desired pitch by the guide comb 12, the binder deposit device 20 is used. The stripping device 14 located downstream of the press rollers II and 12 is used to dislodge the cross-threads 2 ^{from the} conveyor chains 13 after pressing with the fiber layers 1 and 2. equipment 22.

operation of the above equipment is as follows:

The endless conveyor chains 12, in which the transverse threads 2 are attached, are guided parallel to each other, such that the plane of the threads 2 passes through the press nip formed by the rollers 11 and 12 and just outside the ends of the rollers 11 and 12. At the same time, longitudinal, parallel mutually spaced yarns 4 are fed, the pitch of which is determined by the density of the guide comb 19 used. From the underside of the two yarn systems 2 and 4, the lower fiber layer 1 is provided. the layer is trimmed at the width edges equal to the working width of the press rollers 11 and 12 before entering the press nip. By means of a trimming device 17 From the upper side of the nia systems 2 ^and 1 an upper partial fiber layer 2 is provided. of suitable adhesive 2 · T This layer is trimmed in widthwise edges at the edges, also equal to the working width of the press rolls 11 and 12, by a trimming device 18 before entering the press nip. All the above components, namely the nile formations 2 ^and 4 and the fiber layers 1 and 2 containing of a suitable adhesive 2 'are interconnected in the press nip between the rolls 11 and 12 by pressure and, optionally, heat. The reinforced fiber layer 23 coming out of the press nip is supported immediately at the outlet by transversely threaded yarns 2 retained on the conveyor chains 13. it is guided over the bar span 21 to the winding device 22, where it is wound in the form of a pin 24. Components such as the upper partial fibrous layer 2 or the longitudinally disposed threads 4 need not be used. The products described in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9 are obtained as described above.

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Another alternative of the above-mentioned device is the following activity:

The endless conveyor chains 13 on which the transverse threads g are attached are guided parallel to each other and so that the plane of the transverse threads g passes through the press nip of rolls 11 and 12 and closely outside the faces of these rollers 11 and 12. longitudinal threads 8, the spacing of which is determined by the guide comb 19, and which are immediately coated with a suitable adhesive g immediately before entering the press nip 20 by means of an applicator 20. From the underside of the two yarn thread systems g, the lower fiber layer is fed into the press nip. 1, which is trimmed in widths equal to the working width of the press rollers 11 β 12 before entering the press nip, by a trimming apparatus 17. From the upper side of the yarn system 4 and 6, the upper partial fiber layer 2 is fed to the press nip. before entering The pressing slots cut in widths equal to the working width of the pressing rollers 11 and 12 by means of a trimming device 18. The above-mentioned components, yarns g and the fiber layers 1 and 2, are guided between the pressing rolls 11 and 12. where they are interconnected by pressure and, where appropriate, heat. The reinforced fiber sheet 23 emerging from the press nip is immediately supported at the outlet by the transverse threads g held on the conveyor chains 13. Then, the transverse threads 8 are removed from the conveyor chains 18 by the squeezing device 16, the loosened reinforced fiber sheet. 23 is further guided by a bar spreader 21 to the wrapping device 22 where it is wound in the form of a pin 24. The upper fiber layer 1 need not be used. The products described in Figures 5 and 10 are obtained by the above described operation of the device.

Exemplary embodiments of reinforced fiber sheets.

Example 1

The reinforced fiber sheet consists of an upper partial fiber layer 2, produced in a known manner on a carding machine and a horizontal webbing device in the form of a light transversely oriented web and subsequently pre-consolidated on a pre-needling machine of about 10 ppi / l cm. , of staple fibers of viscose staple with a fineness of 3.9 dtex with a cut length of 60 mm, in gray or color, as well as of the lower partial fiber layer 1, also produced on a carding machine with horizontal 10 stitches / 1 cm ² , of staple fibers of viscose staple with a fineness of 3.9 dtex β with a cut length of 60 mm, in gray or color, and in parallel with crosswise laid yarns of polyester fiber mixture and viscose in a ratio of 70%: 30% drawbar 25 tex x 2 and a density of 63.4 threads per 10 cm. The lower fiber layer 1 is coated with a thermoplastic powder g of high-pressure polystyrene having a grain size of 300 m, in an amount of 10 g / m. The aforementioned components are introduced together into a press nip between the rolls 11 and 12 which are heated, namely the upper roll 11 at 125 ° C and the lower roll 12 at 80 ° C, such that the lower fiber layer 1 it is introduced by means of an adhesive g to a crosswise thread g. The individual components are subjected to pressure

202 730 approx. 0.5 MPa and the above temperature at a speed of 1 m / min. The fiber layers 1 and 2 are interconnected at points between the transverse threads g and these threads g are adhered only to the backsheet 2 along its entire length. Upon exit of the reinforced fiber sheet from the press slot, the transverse yarns g are removed from the carrier transport chains 13 by the docking device 14 and the reinforced fiber sheet is wound into a roll.

This reinforced fiber sheet is particularly suitable for use as a web for interlocking machines and delivers a substantially higher transverse interlocking and a lower tensile strength of about 20%, which corresponds to the ductility of the fabrics and which cannot be achieved with the interlocking processes.

Example 2

The reinforced fiber sheet consists of a top fibrous layer 2, produced by a known method 2 on a carding machine, in the form of a longitudinally oriented web of 20 g / m 2 of a 85%: 15% viscose and polyvinyl chloride fiber mixture 1, produced in a known manner on a carding machine, in the form of a longitudinally oriented web of 20 g / m 2 of a mixture of viscose and polyvinyl chloride fibers in a ratio of 85%: 1596, further crosswise and mutually parallel threads of polyamide silk of 220 dtex; a density of 31.7 nt / 10 cm, furthermore longitudinally spaced parallel yarns of polyamide silk of 220 dtex and a density of 31.7 nt / 10 cm. The aforementioned components are fed together into the press nip of rollers 11 and 12, of which the upper roller 11 is heated to a temperature of about 180 ° C. The pressure between the rolls 11 and 12 is about 10 MPa and at a speed of 5 m / min. Here, the individual components are interconnected. Upon exiting the press nip, the transverse yarns g are removed from the carrier transport chains 13 and the reinforced fiber sheet is wound in the form of a pile.

This reinforced fiber sheet is particularly suitable as a stabilizing layer for use in the manufacture of dimensionally stable needled fabrics.

Example 3

The reinforced fiber sheet is composed of a lower fiber layer 1, manufactured in a known manner on a carding machine with a horizontal punching machine, in the form of a transversely oriented web of approx. 250 g / m 2 of fibrous mixture of recovered raw materials 2 pre-consolidated with approx. yarns of 70%: 30% blend of 25 tex x 2 and a density of 31.7 yarns / 10 cm parallel to each other and crosswise parallel to each other. 70%: 30% cotton with a fineness of 25 tex x 2 and a density of 31.7 yarns / 10 cm coated with g of chloroprene latex. The aforementioned components are guided into the press nip between the rollers 11 and 12, respectively. The transverse threads are arranged between the lower fiber layer 2 and longitudinally

202 730 are laid threads 4, where they are under the pressure of about 8 MPa at a speed of 5 m / min. by means of a coagulated latex interconnected, such that the longitudinal threads 4 are adhered to the lower fiber layer 2 along its entire length, the transverse threads J are adhered to the lower fiber layer by lacquering the longitudinally threaded threads 4 only at the crossing points. Upon exiting the press slot, the transverse yarns 2 are removed from the conveyor chains 12 and the reinforced, multi-faced sheet is wound into the form of a roll.

This reinforced multi-faced sheet is suitable, for example, for further processing on needling machines. The article can then serve as a dimensionally stable backing layer for plastic deposition.

Example 4

The reinforced multilayer sheet is composed of a lower fiber layer 1 produced in a known manner on a pneumatic web forming machine in the form of a light fleece with an isotropic fiber orientation of 20 g / m 2 from 5 g / m 2 butadiene acrylonitrile latex sprayed fibers; of yarns 2 ^and Ιθθ% of polyester fibers of 20 tex χ 1 and a density of 63,4 yarns / 10 cm. The aforementioned components are fed together into the press slot of cylinders 11 and 12, of which the upper cylinder 11 is heated to a temperature of 150 ° C. when the pressure between the press rolls 11 and 12 is about 1 MPa and the above temperature, both components are at a speed of 2 m / min. interconnected '. Upon exiting the press slot, the transversely threaded yarns 2 are removed from the carrier transport chains 13 and the reinforced multi-faceted sheet is wound in the form of a pile.

This reinforced multiwoven sheet is particularly suitable for use as a web for interlocking machines, by interlocking of which a low-weight interlocking with a high transverse stability corresponding to the fabric stability is obtained.

Claims (14)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION 1, A reinforced sponge-shaped sheet of at least one layer of staple or continuous filaments of natural or chemical nature, characterized in that it has mutually parallel and straightened transverse nile formations in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the product or threads in parallel with a longitudinal axis of the article and a direction perpendicular to it at the same time, and an adhesive that connects the components together. 2. The reinforced sponge sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that between the two fiber layers (1, 2) there are transverse directions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the yarn (3) and adhesive (5) which both fiber layers ( 1, 2) connects only between the yarn (73) (the threads (3) placed thereon). 3. The reinforced fabric as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive (5) fixes the transverse threads (3) to the partial fiber layer (1) in full lengths. 4. A reinforced fiber sheet according to claim 3, characterized in that the yarns (3) which are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction are positioned between the yarns (4) and the partial fibrous layer (1) to which they are fixed along their entire lengths. the threads (4) deposited in the longitudinal direction are attached to the partial fiber layer (1) in the sections between the crosswise threads (3). 5. A reinforced fiber sheet according to claim 2, characterized by. The threads (4) and the adhesive (5), which connect the two fiber layers (1, 2) only at the spacing between the threads (3, 4), are disposed in the longitudinal direction to the transverse threads C3). 6. The reinforced fiber sheet according to claim 4, characterized in that the transverse threads (3) are fixed to the partial fiber layer (1) at the crossing points with the longitudinal threads (4), while the longitudinal threads (4) are attached to the fiber layer (1). ) fixed in their entire lengths 7. The reinforced fiber sheet according to claim 2, characterized in that the adhesive (5) connects the fiber layers (1, 2) individually to each other at their longitudinally extending thread lengths (4) and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the thread. (3) are fixed between the fiber sub-layers (1, 2) only at the crossing points with the longitudinal threads (4). Method for producing a reinforced fiber sheet according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the at least one fiber layer is bonded by means of an adhesive (5) together with perpendicular to the longitudinal direction or with longitudinally and perpendicularly threaded yarns. at a pressure of 0.1 to 10 MPa and a temperature of 20 to 250 ° C. 9. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that an adhesive is applied to at least one layer of the fibrous layer and the layers are subsequently compressed with perpendicular to the longitudinal direction or threads placed perpendicular thereto. 10. A method according to claim 8, wherein the at least one fibrous layer containing the adhesive in the entire cross section is compressed with perpendicular or longitudinally extending and perpendicularly threads. 11. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the at least one fiber layer is compressed perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the yarns laid in the longitudinal direction, wherein an adhesive is applied to the longitudinally laid yarns. Method for producing a reinforced fiber sheet according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the partial fiber layers are cut to a width equal to the lengths of the yarns in the transverse direction before entering the die. 202 730 13. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to any of Claims 8 to 12, and press rolls forming a press slot for passing the material to be processed through its plane and with at least one unwinding device of partial fibrous woods and a roll-up device and binder application device. and a trimming device, characterized in that in the plane of the slots, endless transport chains (13) are placed on both sides of the press rollers (11, 12) for transversely storing the yarn (3) and a plurality of emitting devices (14) releasing the cross-threads (3) from the conveyor chain (13), followed by a bar spreader (21) to guide the reinforcing layer (23) to the wrapping device (22), the trimming device (17), 18) is positioned between the unwinding device (15, 16) and the pressing slot of the pressing rolls (11, 12).