CS202552B2 - Knitting frame - Google Patents

Abstract

The machine has knitting tools (5) which can be connected, according to the particular pattern, by means of coupling elements (16), controllable by a control device (33), to driving elements (12) which are driven by cam discs (10). For the purpose of substantially increasing the operating speed of such machines, irrespective of whether only a choice between knitting and not knitting or tucking is possible, the object of producing the drive of the knitting tools (5) without spring forces and of making sufficiently large time segments available for the selection of the knitting tools (5) is achieved in that the driving elements (12) and cam discs (10) are constantly coupled in the driving-out and drawing-off direction, whilst, during the drawing-off strokes, both the drawing-off parts (24) of the driving elements (12) bring about a drawing-off of the previously driven-out knitting tools (5) in each position of the coupling elements (16) and all the coupling elements (16) can be brought first into one of two specific positions and then out of this into the other specific position according to the particular pattern. The invention relates, in general terms, to the sector of knitting machines and can be put into practice, for example, on flat knitting machines having knitting tools (5) driven by eccentric discs. <IMAGE>

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a knitting machine with at least one needle bed, the grooves of which comprise at least one knitting device consisting of a needle connected to a driving element controlled by an eccentric for controlling stroke and retraction strokes. ► The machine is further provided with an angular offset, and for binding and breaking

I drive the driving elements and needles patterning mouth.

► In known knitting machines of this type, one of which is described, for example, in DOS no.

585 308, which are referred to as knitting machines without a slide and without locks, the drive elements are designed as pivotally mounted control levers, which are pressed by springs onto the rollers.

This arrangement has the disadvantage that the movement of the needles in the extending direction is effected only by means of springs, and that the drive of the needles by the eccentrics in the withdrawal direction of the needles must counteract the force of the spring. A further disadvantage is that the knitting needles have to be pulled out of the knitting position to a completely out-of-position position corresponding to the through position, which must be carried out before re-selecting by appropriate selection of couplers, leaving only a short choice time interval to remove the idle phase or empty eccentric stroke. It is also disadvantageous that only one choice can be made between knitting and the knitting break.

Both of these disadvantages also occur, to a substantially equal extent, with a similar knitting machine as described, for example, in DAS No. 1,296,733 and DOS No. 1,635,968.

Since these machines are selected in such a way that the movement of the control levers, which are under the influence of the springs, is blocked in the direction of the knitting needles extension according to the type of knitting pattern, only one choice can be made between knitting and grip.

Other known non-sledge knitting machines that allow pattern knitting and accordingly the selection of knitting needles are described in DOS No. 1,585,454, have essentially the same disadvantages, since knitting needles that have not been selected for knitting must be extended perpendicularly in the direction to the needle bed until their knees come out of engagement with the driver pin mounted on the eccentrics. The choice between knitting and grip is not possible with these knitting machines.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to overcome these disadvantages of prior art knitting machines of this kind and to provide a new selector system for knitting needles which should allow a choice between knitting and knocking out and, if necessary, knitting, knockout and catch.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a knitting machine of the type in which the knitting needle is moved in both directions not by the action of a spring, but to produce the appropriate eccentric, sufficient time intervals to select knitting at high eccentric speeds. needles.

The principle of the solution of the knitting machine according to the invention is that the knitting elements, for example knitting needles, are coupled to the respective driving and sliding elements for bringing the binding members during withdrawal of the respective knitting elements independently of the position in which the binding members are of the knitting needles, in one or the other position.

The main advantage of the knitting machine according to the invention is that it has a sufficiently long time interval for the selection of the knitting needles, which time is equal to virtually the entire stroke, i.e. approximately half of the eccentric rotation, without the knitting needles engaged during selection. with the drive elements and without having to disturb the engagement of the eccentrics or that the driving force from the eccentrics needs to be replaced in some direction by the spring force.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The knitting machine of the present invention is shown in the drawings, wherein FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the overall configuration of the knitting machine; FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the knitting machine of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 through a cross-section of the needle bed of the knitting machine of FIG. 1; FIGS. Fig. 16 shows examples of drive and selector assemblies for knitting needles, in the knitting machine according to the invention, at different stages of its movement, Figs. 17 to 20, further four exemplary embodiments of drive and selector assemblies; Figs. different stages of your movement,. 26 to 31 show two further exemplary embodiments of the drive and selector assemblies; and FIG. 32 shows a preferred exemplary embodiment of the drive elements of the drive and selector assemblies.

1 to 3 shows a knitting machine according to the invention which has a knitting machine. in these examples, a flat form. of knitting machine. Two V-shaped needle beds 3 are fixedly fixed to the machine frame 1, in whose grooves the knitting needles 5 are mounted in a known manner. with hooks 6, which are, for example, in the form of reed needles, longitudinally displaceable.

In each needle bed 3 there is a drive shaft 7 mounted rotatably in the bearings 8. The drive shafts 7 can be connected to a drive unit (not shown) which grants them the necessary ones. number of revolutions. A plurality of eccentrics 10, corresponding to the number of knitting needles 5, are disposed on the drive shaft 7, each eccentric 10 lying flush with the corresponding knitting needle 5 and having a thickness slightly less than the pitch of two adjacent knitting needles 5. V As an alternative embodiment, the eccentrics 10 may lie in planes other than the respective knitting needles 5, in which case the drive and displacement elements 12 must be provided with appropriate bends or kinks.

According to FIGS. 2 and 3, each eccentric 10 is provided with one drive and displacement element 12, which is mounted primarily in alignment with the eccentric 10. Each drive and displacement element is formed in the form of a forked part having two parallel forked arms 14 The two fork arms 14, 15 surround the eccentric 10 from two sides so that the points of contact lie on a line that extends substantially parallel to the knitting axis. of the needles 5, so that the drive and displacement element 12 is raised or lowered when the eccentric 10 is rotated in a direction parallel to the axes of the knitting needles 5, thereby effecting extension and retraction strokes. The eccentrics 10 and the drive and displacement elements 12 are formed such that the two fork arms 14, 15 of the drive and displacement element 12 are mounted on its surface regardless of the rotation of the eccentric 10, so that in each position of the eccentric 10 in contact and is therefore guided by it.

On the side of the drive and displacement element 12 is located a shank 18 connecting to the connecting web 16, at the end of which (FIG. 2) a retaining spring 20 is attached, fastened with its other end to the carcass 1 of the knitting machine; this pressure spring 2 ° presses the connecting web 16 onto the eccentric 10, and according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3, it can also be supported on another part of the drive and displacement element 12. The stem 18 is supported in a sliding and sliding bearing. in the form of an elongated slot 21 in which a pin 22 is attached to the frame 1; the driving and sliding element 12 is on the one hand. . it is held in contact with the eccentric 10 by the pressure spring 20 and, on the other hand, is mounted. with its elongated cutout 21 rotatable and sliding. on the pin 22. The drive and displacement element 12 may, in another exemplary embodiment, be received in a spring 23 (FIG. 27) which allows it to perform similar movements to the pin 22 housed in the longitudinal slot 21; the spring 23 can simultaneously assume the function of the pressure spring.

A recess is formed on the upper side of the driving and sliding element 12, the upper edge of which simultaneously serves as a withdrawal part 24 and its lower edge serves as a withdrawal part 25 for extending the knitting needles 5 in which it engages behind their nodes 39. the knitting needle body 28 and the upper edge of the knees 39 are the pulling member 29. The pulling member 24 of the driving and sliding member 12 is of such a length that during the eccentric stroke of the eccentrics 10 it extends over the pulling member 29. only extends the ejection member 28 in the mutual coupling position as shown in Figures 2 and 3.

In the manufacture of the patterned weaves, the knitting needles 5 are each actuated by one patterning device, which in the exemplary embodiment has holding magnets 33, the operation of which is controlled according to the finished pattern, and an actuating spring 34; both of these elements are fixed to the frame 1 of the machine. The actuating spring 34 is unilaterally tensioned and its free end can be brought under a bias to the pole surface of the retaining magnet 33 by means of a protrusion 36 formed on the shank 18. If the retaining magnet 33 pulls the actuating spring 34, then the connecting web 16 can engage the respective eccentric 10 until the extension member 25 overlaps the extension member 28. If the control spring 34 is pulled by the holding magnet 33, then due to its biasing it falls off the pole of the holding magnet 33 and abuts against the stop 37 formed on the shank 18 so that the drive and slide 12 is the compression springs 34 are locked and the extension part 25 remains outside the engagement region of the extension member 28.

The eccentrics 10 mounted on the drive shaft 7 have a substantially constant and constant angular offset relative to the adjacent one, so that, as with known devices, their circumferences form a substantially helical envelope surface, the eccentrics 10 which are friction internally and in turn one pitch of the helix thread, forming a single knitting system. In order to set the desired angular offset, it is advantageous if each eccentric 10 of the opener shaft 7 is provided with an external toothing. In an alternative arrangement, one expanding eccentric with internal toothing may be arranged between the eccentrics 10, while the eccentric 10 itself has no internal toothing; instead, they are mounted almost free of play on the drive shaft 7 and rotated as required.

After correct rotation, their position is secured by coupling with spacers. For example, twenty-four, thirty-six, or seventy-seven knitting needles may be a single knitting system, i.e., every twenty-fourth, thirty-six, or seventy-second eccentric 10 lies in the same position as the first eccentric 10. In the embodiment of FIG. Thus, the ten knitting needles 5 and the needle bed 3 are made up of five knitting systems. The phase position of the two drive shafts 7 can be varied according to the type of article to be manufactured and the knitting technique used.

In the embodiments of the knitting machine shown in Figs. 1 and 2, each knitting needle 5 is provided with a knee 39 which cooperates with the retractable locks 40. The retractable locks 40 are mounted on an endless belt 42 guided around two deflection rollers 43 or other deflection rollers. and is driven by a power unit (not shown). The direction of movement is indicated by an arrow on the deflection rollers 43. Around the two rows of knitting needles 5 the retracting cams extend parallel to the needle beds 3 on fixed guide beds 46 extending along the length of the needle bed 3 so as to move at a constant height . Each retract lock 40 has a first, eccentrically effective first eccentric with a first working curvilinear surface 48 and one upwardly extending curvilinear surface 47 on the second eccentric, the two curvilinear surfaces on eccentrics defining a channel 49 therebetween through which the knees 39 of knitting needles pass. 5; the butts 39 are first pulled out by the two cams to form the stitches and then are transferred to the normal through position by the second cam surface 47.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 3, the second eccentric cam surface 47 is attached to a fixed portion of the retract lock 40, while the first eccentric cam surface 48 is displaceably mounted on the retractable cam 40 and has an arm 50 on which a compression spring 51 acts. At least one guide rail 53 is provided as a support bearing of the first edge of the curvilinear surface 48 and is provided over the entire width of the needle bed 3, the height of the guide rail 53 being adjustable. The knitting machine is provided with a plurality of guide rails 53 which, on the side facing the upper edge of the first curve surface 48, are provided with guides 54.

The upper edge of the arm 50 has grooves corresponding to the number of guides 54 and, depending on the type of finished pattern, inserts 55 can be inserted into them, the upper edges of which extend into the guide, thus ensuring mutual spacing between the two curved surfaces 47, 48 In this way, the retract locks 50 can be actuated and at the same time the retraction depth of the knitting needles 5 can be adjusted.

The retracting cams 40 are associated with the knees 39 of the knitting needles 5 at such a relative height that they can first enter the channel 49, and then the knitting needles 5 are pulled up to almost a normal through position by the pulling member 24 of the drive and slide 12. The first curvilinear surface 48 will only be effective at the end of the entire draw stroke of the eccentric 10 and cause only a small partial withdrawal, which serves to form a loop or loop on the yarn 70, the yarn loop 70 being first passed through the loop 6. placed on the shank of the needle 5,. whereas the largest part of the extraction is carried out by means of a driving and sliding element. 12, driven by an eccentric 10.

To prevent . since the draw stroke caused by the eccentric first cam surface 48 could interfere with the draw stroke caused by the drive and feed element 12, the knitting machine according to the invention is arranged such that the distance between the feed portion 25 and the feed portion 24 of the drive and feed element 12 is so much greater than the distance between the ejecting member 28 and the pulling member 29 of the knitting needles 5, that this difference corresponds to a maximum curvilinear surface 48 achievable by the additional pull stroke. That is, the connection of the knitting needles 5 to the eccentric 10 is made with such clearance that the knitting needles 5 can still move along the path that. is different from the path of movement imposed by the eccentric · 10.

The distance of the adjacent retractable cams 40 on the endless belts 42 is as large as the mutual distance of the two adjacent knitting systems, in terms of the number of needles 5.

The conveying speed of the endless belt 42 is synchronized with the speed of rotation of the drive shaft 7 so that the first cam surface 48 of the eccentric begins to influence the nodes 39 of the needles 5 when the respective knitting needle 5 is pulled by the drive and feed elements 12 near the passage position.

For feeding the yarns 70, the knitting machine may be provided with a feeding device as shown in Fig. 1. A beam 57 is provided for the guide eyelets 59, which are located approximately above the needle beds

3. The beam 57 is so curved that. all guide loops 59 have substantially the same. above the guide loops 59, they are mounted on a coil frame (not shown) of a number of guide loops 59 (not shown), and additional reserve coils may be mounted on the frame as needed.

In the region of the hooks 6 of the knitting needles 5, when in the extended position, a plurality of thread guides 63 are provided. These wires 63 are mounted on an endless belt 64 which is guided around two return rollers 67 or other return elements and which is driven by a drive unit (not shown) to slide parallel to the needle bed 3 and feed the wires 63 threads to the knitting needles 5. Each thread guide 63 is provided with a guide eyelet 69 into which a thread 70 coming from the bobbins 61 is inserted.

If the yarn guide 63 moves in the direction of the arrow marked on the deflection rollers 67, then in the arrangement of FIG. 1 it is on the right side. The threading device 3 is designed to cut the yarn 70 fed by the yarn guide 63 as soon as it is caught by the last hook 6. knitting needles 5, which thread this. 70 processes.

Converting free. thread ends 70 cut by the cutting device 71 to the left side of the needle bed 3 is provided by a blow tube 72, the end of which is connected by a tubing 73 to a source of compressed air coming in the direction of arrow P1. . The lower end of the blow tube 72. is located just above the location to which it is located. the guide guides 69 of the thread guides 63 arrive and are mounted, for example, in a ball joint 74 or the like. Blowing. the tube 72 is mounted on any rotation mechanism 75 which maintains the upper end of the blow tube 72 just below each upper guide eye 59.

Moreover, each blow tube 72 is further provided with a side groove or slot 76 extending from top to bottom and facing the right end of the needle bed 3 [FIG. 11, which, if necessary, may be covered by an elastic material fastened along the edge of the slot 76, which on the one hand ensures trouble-free transport of the yarn 70 through the blow tube 72 and allows the yarn 70 to be withdrawn from the tube 72 by the slot 76 laterally. Upper end. At the same time, the blow tube is designed such that a combined action of suction and blowing occurs when the compressed air is supplied. This is achieved. that the free end. The thread 70 hanging loosely downwards by the guide eyelet 59 and not inserted anywhere is retained by this treatment of the upper end of the blow tube 72 and guided to its lower end.

For gripping and gripping loose. ends. threads 70 guided by blow tube 72. from the end of the needle bed 3. to its beginning,. they can be on the left. needle. beds 3. a gripping means or a pneumatic suction device 68 into which the free end 70 is under pressure is provided. suck. and held for as long as. the thread 70 is not drawn into the individual hooks 6.

The thread guides 63 are fixed to each other at certain distances. an endless belt 64 whose width corresponds. knitting width. system, expressed in number. of knitting needles. 5. · Movement. . the endless belt.64 is synchronized. with a drive shaft speed of 7. so that to open. of hooks. 6 of the extended knitting needles 5 are. overcast. each one ·· thread · 70,. taking · shortly before. the knitting needles 5 are selected by means of a drive and slide element and are then withdrawn by retracting locks 40.

To be knitting. The machine according to FIG. 1, comprising five knitting systems, knits a tri-color pattern, then sets them. six coils. 61, of which always. . the two spools 61 comprise a thread 70 of the same color. Knitting then proceeds by repeating the following procedure one at a time. operations partially overlap. On the one hand. a yarn 70 fed by the yarn guide 63 to the hooks 6 of the selected knitting needles 5,. cuts, which is done. on . the right side of the needle bed 3, i.e. at the end of the weft knit; its end then hangs freely downwardly from the respective guides, stitches 59, and the yarn guide 63 may return along the back of the needle bed 3 to its left end, i.e. to the beginning of the fabric. On the other hand, the blow tube 72 is positioned on the guide eyelet 59 of the respective yarn 70 when the yarn 70 has been previously withdrawn from the side slot 76; the yarn 70 is sucked in the direction of the guide eyelets 59, is transported by the tube 72 to the beginning of the fabric, threaded into the guide eyelet 69 of the subsequent thread guide 63 just passing under the end of the blow tube 72, a further conductor 63 arrives at the storage position for the first knitting needle 5. Since this device is provided with five knitting systems, in this example one thread 70 remains free to return to the beginning of the fabric.

The yarn 70 inserted by the blow tube 72 into the loop 69 of the yarn guide 63 travels along with the yarn guide 63 towards the end of the fabric. Since the end of the yarn 70 is first firmly attached at the beginning of the pull knit, the yarn 70 moves out of the side slot 76 of the blow tube 72 as the guide 63 moves, starting from its lower end and continuing to the upper end until it passes. The entire yarn piece 70 between the guide 63 and the guide loop 59 is pulled around a number of needles 5 so that the upper end is ready at the guide eyelet 59 to continue transporting the yarn 70 in time before the next yarn guide 63 is moved.

Depending on the number of knitting systems and the number of colors required, a plurality of blow tubes may also be used, their operation and operation partially overlapping each other. By controlling the operation of the blow tubes 72 and their movement, it is also possible to vary the sequence of the threads to be processed 70. For drawing and winding the knitted fabric produced on the knitting machine according to the invention, a pulling and winding device is provided. beds 3.

The knitting machine according to the invention operates as follows:

For knitting a monochromatic weave without any pattern, the actuating springs 34 are pulled permanently by the holding magnet 33 so that they remain inclined from the region of the stop 37 formed on the shaft 18 of the drive and slide element 12. As a result 12 initially upward, wherein the ejector member 25 of the drive and displacement member 12 engages the ejector member 28 of the knitting needle 5 as a result of the pressure spring 20 and is raised until the extension of the eccentric 10 is fully extended and the knitting needle 5 has reached its highest position. At this point, the yarn guide 63 slides around the open hook 6 of the needle 5 so that the yarn 70 retracts and is introduced into the loop during the subsequent ejection. During the first half of the take-up stroke, the eccentric 10 simultaneously presses on the connection web 16, which together with the drive and displacement element 12 moves against the force of the pressure spring 20 and in a direction perpendicular to the axes of the knitting needles 5.

In this movement, the draw-off member 24 remains in engagement with the draw-off member 29 of the knitting needles 5. Since the control spring 34 is held by the holding magnet 33, the drive and feed member 12 moves during the second half of the eccentric stroke. a direction perpendicular to the axes of the knitting needles 5, so that the ejection member 25 of the drive and displacement element 12 touches the beginning of the next extendable stroke of the eccentric 10 of the knitting needle 28 of the knitting needles 5.

Upon completion of the take-up stroke, the retracting lock 40 has reached a position such that the eccentric first cam surface 48 begins to engage the knee 39 of the knitting needle 5, which is still in the through position and provides a retracting stroke of the knitting needle 5 53, while at the same time the eccentrics 10 begin to extend their stroke, so that the needles 5, once they have completed the retracting stroke, reach their highest position again. To reach the knitting needle 5 of the highest position, another thread guide 63 is located in the region of the hooks 6 so that the thread 70 can be retracted.

If the pattern of the fabric is to be finished such that certain knitting needles 5 remain in the through position during the retractable stroke, a control pulse is applied to the holding magnet 33 such that the actuating spring 34 falls off due to its bias and is stored by retracting the drive and feed an element 12 extending in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the knitting needles 5, to the stop 37. Thus, the connecting web 16 a. the drive and slide element 12 also locks in a position in which the slide 25 is located within the effective area of the slide. As a result, the knitting needles 5 do not lift when the eccentric stroke 10 is extended. However, since the drive and displacement element 12 is lifted at each stroke, the projection 36 lies against the actuating spring and pushes its end again onto the pole surface of the retaining magnet 33 so that a new selection of the lifted needles 5 can be made.

If, at the same time, a multicolored pattern is to be finished on the knitting machine according to the invention, then the colored threads 70 are fed to the conductors 63, while the holding magnets 33 belonging to the individual knitting needles 5 are controlled so as to produce a jacquard weft knit. In such a case, however, when the conductor 63 passes the needle beds 3, a series of stitches is not formed, but as many thread guides 63 as the number of colors used must be guided around the needle beds 3.

Completion of the striped pattern can be accomplished without operating the holding magnet 33 by blowing tube 72 after a number of stitches has been formed into the guide stitches 69 of a yarn of a certain color, so that the stitches are formed of yarns of a different color.

The drive shafts 7 are not only mounted at their ends, but can also be mounted between their ends at any location. According to the examples of Figures 4 and 5, each drive shaft 7 is mounted in one place in at least two bearing disks which are fixedly and immovably attached to the machine frame 1. These bearings formed by the bearing discs are at the same time formed as spacers 77, which are always held between two eccentrics 10 and thus have a dual function. The spacers 77 surround their drive surfaces with the drive shaft 7 over most of its circumference, the radius of the bearing surface being the same as that of the drive shaft 7; the spacers 77 form a direct outer bearing of the drive shafts 7.

An exemplary embodiment of an additional or additional external bearing is shown in Fig. 6. In this example, a circular flange or a circular disk 80 is mounted on the drive shaft 7 between two eccentrics 10, whereby the circular disk 80 can be internally toothed the shaft 7 is provided with external toothing; at least one, but more preferably more or all of the annular disks 80 are supported in at least two bearing surfaces of fixed bearing bodies 81 attached to the carcass 1, which surround the majority of the circumference of the annular disks 80 with their bearing surfaces.

The radius of the circular disks 80 is preferably greater than the maximum radius of the eccentrics 10, so that their side surfaces simultaneously serve as guide surfaces for the drive and displacement elements 12 and thus still have a third function, whereas the bearing bodies 81 can always be in width replaced by plain bearing. Compared to the embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5, the bearing surfaces are substantially larger due to the indirect bearing of the spacers 80. In both embodiments, the bearing and guide surfaces are embedded in oil.

A second example of indirect bearing is shown in Fig. 7. Unlike the embodiment of Fig. 6, the spacers 80 are not supported in the plain bearing, but are supported by rolling bearings 82 which are spaced at least three places along the circumference of the spacers 80. and may be arranged over the entire width of the needle bed 3.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the eccentrics 10 are mounted not directly on the drive shaft 7, but on several sleeves 83 which are non-rotatably but axially displaceably mounted on the drive shaft 7 and have gaps left between them. A plurality of eccentrics 10 and spacers 80 are mounted non-rotatably and axially non-rotatably on each sleeve 83. The advantage of this arrangement is that the drive shaft 7 can exhibit greater temperature fluctuations compared to the needle beds 3 without adversely affecting it. the relative position of the knitting needles 5, the eccentrics 10; of the drive and feed elements 12 and the connecting legs 16, since the temperature dilatations are aligned in contact between the drive shaft 7 and the sleeve 83. When mounting the sleeve 83 aligns exactly against the respective group of knitting needles 5, this can be achieved by additional lateral displacement of the respective drive and sliding elements 12, it is safely ensured that during temperature fluctuations, the expansion of the sleeves 83 will remain within the tolerance limits and will be compensated by small gaps 84 at the point of contact. Since these gaps 84 are very small compared to the thickness of the eccentrics 10 or the spacer disk 80, they can in no way interfere with their proper functioning.

In order to ensure the additional indirect bearing of the drive shaft 7 also in the example of FIG. 8, an additional internal bearing is provided. The sleeves 83 are provided with asymmetrical recesses 85 in contact with each other to provide sufficient space for a rolling bearing 86 whose outer ring 88 is attached to at least two mounting uprights 89 which are at the contact point of the two sleeves 83 instead of spacers 80 84 between the sleeves 83 into the recesses 85. The inner ring 91 of the roller bearing 86 is attached to both ends of the contact sleeves 83, so that when the drive shaft 7 rotates, the sleeve 83 rolls over the fixed outer ring 88. also the expansion of the shaft 7 as the temperature changes. Plain bearings can also be used in place of the roller bearing 86, which centers the ends of the sleeves 83.

The selection of knitting needles 5 can take place in various ways in the examples shown in Figures 2 and 3. In all embodiments, however, there must be four basic elements, eccentric elements 10, drive and displacement elements 12 with at least one ejection member 25 and one withdrawal member 24, a coupler, for example a connecting web 16, and a knitting element, i.e. knitting needles 5. with the ejection body 28 and the ejection body 29.

The eccentrics 10 serve to produce ejection and retraction strokes. The ejection stroke is adjusted by that part of the rotary movement of the eccentrics 10, which serves for shifting or shifting. moving the knitting needles 5 out of the normal lower position in which they are out of service to the upper position in which the stitching takes place, i.e. to the knitting or catching height; on the other hand, the draw stroke corresponds to that part of the rotary movement of the eccentric 10 which is required to pull the plinth needle from the partially extended position, from the hold height,. or from the fully extended position, from the knitting height, back. to a position where they are out of service. .How pull-out. the stroke as well as the exhaust stroke may represent half the revolution of the eccentric 10, respectively. less than half a turn.

Although it is possible from rotation. of eccentrics 10 to derive a soggy. movements in any direction, as a rule, only those components of movement that lie in one direction, referred to as the stroke direction or the pull-out stroke direction, which in the embodiments according to FIGS. 2 and 3, can be used to extend the knitting needles 5 parallel to the axes of the knitting needles 5, but may also extend directly through the axes of the needles 5 or some other axis if it is ensured that the movement components lying on these axes are converted into usable components by suitable intermediates such as auxiliary sinkers, sinkers or levers for moving knitting needles 5.

According to the invention, the drive and displacement element 12 is such an element that can be moved by the eccentric 10 in the stroke direction.

As can be seen from Fig. 2 §3, this means that the drive and displacement elements 12 must still be bound to the movement of the eccentrics 10 only in directions parallel to the axes of the knitting needles 5, in all directions. on the other hand, it must be possible to move freely relative to the eccentric. 10. Depending on the design of the individual selector assemblies, the drive and displacement elements 12 can alternatively also be coupled to the eccentric in all directions. 10 with a shaped joint.

The coupler serves to connect, depending on the kind of finished patterns, the extension parts 25 of the driving and sliding elements 12 with the extension parts 28 of the knitting. needles 5 or other knitting elements and accessory elements so as to drive motions. and the displacement member 12 running in the stroke direction has been transmitted to the knitting needles 5 for as long as necessary for knitting technology. In this case, the couplers can occupy a plurality of positions, on the one hand, a position where no coupling is formed and in the other. which are not coupled to the knitting needles 5 a by the drive and feed elements 12 during the extension stroke. on the one hand, at least one binding agent. a position in which the working connection between the drive and feed element 12 and the knitting needles 5 occurs during the extension stroke.

According to the invention, the drive and displacement elements 12 are of particular importance during the take-up strokes, since the knitting needles 5 are to be drawn off irrespective of the position of the couplings. By means of this measure it is achieved that the coupling members can be brought to a position during one stroke. it is desirable for the following extendable stroke. In the construction of the control device according to. FIGS. 2 and 3 comprising a retainer. the magnet 33 and the actuating spring 34 are in. progress. exhaust stroke basically all. couplers without. no matter what. which position they are in, first brought to the position,. when they are not engaged and then move to the binding position as needed and according to the finished pattern. However, if another actuator is used, it is also possible first of all during the exhaust stroke. place the binding members in the binding position, and then select the binding members. relocate the home position.

9 to 16 differ from the embodiments shown in FIGS. FIG. 2 essentially in that, in addition to the choice between knitting and knocking out, it is also possible to choose between knitting and catch. Considerable schematic representation of the example. The embodiment shown in FIG. 9 shows that it is only necessary to provide an extension part of the drive and displacement element 12 in the form of a step 35 and a stop 96 on the shaft. 18 to create a waveform. The stop 96 preferably lies near the pivot point of the drive. and slider 12, because in these. in places, the motions of the drive and displacement elements 12 are at least noticeable.

The operation of the device of FIG. 9 is as follows; FIG. 9 shows the eccentric 10 in the first half. its towing. stroke making knitting needles. 5, depending on whether they have been fully or only retracted to the gripping position, are withdrawn because the withdrawal member 29 of the needle 5 is still being pulled. 24, while simultaneously pushing the projection 36 on the actuating spring 34 and pressing it against the pole surface of the holding magnet 33, since the eccentric 10 also lies. on the coupling member formed in the form of a connecting web 16, which together with the driving and sliding element 12 is moved in the web. direction. perpendicular to the stroke direction increasingly to the right. After saving. The control springs 34 on the holding magnet 33 can be applied to this. a holding magnet 33 a control signal; or. impulse.

As can be seen from FIG. 10, the control spring 34 has fallen from the holding magnet 33 before the eccentric 10 has completed the first half of its stroke, respectively. than. the displaced web 16 has reached the most rightmost position,. which is a non-custody position. As a result (FIG. 11), the end nose 97 on the control spring 34 engages in the first half of the wave-shaped stop 96 formed on the shaft 18 as soon as the eccentric 10 reaches the second half of its draw-off. The compression spring 20 attempts to hold the connecting web 16 on the eccentric 10, so that the connecting web 16 is locked in its out-of-position position and the stage-formed ejection member of the drive and displacement element 12 comes outside the active region of the ejection member 28 of the knitting needle 5. .

During the next eccentric stroke. 10, the knitting needles 5 are thus unaffected (FIG. 12). After the start of the next exhaust stroke, the eccentric 10 is supported again in the manner shown in FIG. 9, so that the end nose 97 extends from the wave-shaped stop 96, the control spring 34 abuts the holding magnet 33 and a new selection can be made. .

If the control spring 34 also remains in the second half of the stroke on the retaining magnet 33, then the pressure spring 20 causes the connection web 16 to be constantly pressed in the direction of the eccentric 10 (FIG. 13), so that the first stage 95 12 is connected and engages the ejecting member 28 of the knitting needle 5. In this case, the connection web 16 is in the binding position.

If a catch loop is to be formed, then a control pulse is applied to the holding magnet during the second half of the stroke when the end nose 97 of the control spring 34 is above the other half of the wave-shaped stop 96 on the shaft 18 and thereby the end nose 97. it fits into this second portion of the wave-shaped stop 96 (FIG. 14). The exact synchronization of this procedure with the movement of the eccentric 10 is quite easy, since the time required to move the shank 18 along a path equal to the spacing of the two wave-shaped hinge parts 96 corresponds to a certain angle of rotation of the eccentric 10. The second lower part of the step 95 of the drive and slide element 12 'is located just below the ejection member 28 of the knitting needle 5. During the following extendable stroke, the needle 5 is raised to the catching position (Fig. 15).

At the same time, FIG. 16 shows further positions of the components, whereby the knitting needle 5 is transferred by means of the drive and displacement element 12 to a position corresponding to the out-of-work position. By means of another means, e.g. a retractable lock 40 acting on the. the knee 39 of the knitting needle 5, the needle 5 may be pulled to an even lower position since the pitch between the ejecting member 28 and the pulling member 29 of the knitting needle 5 is smaller than the pitch between the ejection member 24 and the pulling member 25. the ejection member 24 in this case being formed by the first, upper part of the step 95.

In the embodiment according to the invention shown in FIG. 17, there is also provided a drive and displacement element 12 having a coupling member 16 and an elongate shaft 18. In contrast to the embodiment of FIGS. 9 to 16, the knitting needles lie 5, the shank 18 and the sliding and rotary bearing 99 formed by tapered bearing bodies, substantially aligned. On the side of the drive and displacement element 12 there are two downwardly projecting legs 101, 102, which cooperate with the actuating spring 34 of the retaining magnet 33, while being able to actuate the actuating spring 34. at the same time acting on the projection 104,

The direction of rotation of the eccentric 10 is indicated by an arrow.

The operation of this exemplary embodiment of the device is as follows; As soon as the eccentric 10 has completed its ejection stroke, it rests on the linking leg 16 and pushes the projection 104 in FIG. 17 to the right, whereby the actuating spring 34 is applied to the holding magnet 33. If the actuating spring 34 is held firmly, During the exhaust stroke, apply only from the outside to the web 101, with the result that the connecting web 16 remains on the eccentric 10 after the exhaust stroke. This corresponds to the coupling position of the connecting web. 16, which causes the knitting needle 5 to extend to its highest position. If, on the other hand, the control spring 34 is not held by the retaining magnet 33, then it is placed on the stop 105 before its upper end reaches the lower end region of the web 102, with the result that its upper end continues Thus, the connection web 16 is locked in its out-of-position position and can be separated from the eccentric 10 in the second half of the stroke, and neither of the two parts of step 95 is close to the functional region of the ejection member 28 of the knitting needle 5. Therefore, the knitting needle 5 is not affected during the next ejection stroke and a further selection can be initiated by pressing the projection 104 again on the control spring 34. to the retaining magnet 33, whereupon the lower end of the web 102 is detached from the upper end of the actuating spring 34. To form the catch lugs, the actuating spring 34 is simultaneously disengaged by suitable operation of the retaining magnet 33 when its upper end is located between the lower end of the web. 102 and the lower end of the second web 101. This causes the upper end of the actuating spring 34 to enter the channel between the two webs 101, 102 during the further stroke and the connecting web 16 is locked in its central position, i.e. 17, in which the left-hand part of step 95 reaches the ejection member 28 of the knitting needle 5. The knitting needle 5 only reaches the catching position during the next retractable stroke.

9 to 17 have the property that the drive and displacement element 12 is rigidly coupled to the coupling member 16 and that the coupling member moves together with the drive and slide element 12 both in the stroke direction and in a direction perpendicular to the stroke direction. The following describes examples in which the coupler is articulated to or is not connected to the drive and displacement member 12, and in which the drive and displacement member is only displaced in the stroke direction.

Referring to FIG. 18, the drive and displacement element is formed, as in the previous examples, as a fork with two arms 14,

15, which surround the eccentric 10 in all its angular positions and touch it at least two points, the two fork arms 14, 15 being connected to each other by a rigidly connected connecting web 16. In this case, the connecting web 16 does not serve as a coupling but serves the mounting of the drive and displacement element 12 in a sliding bearing 107 arranged parallel to the stroke direction. In the extension of the free arm 14 there is a pivot bearing 109, in which a coupling member formed by a rod 110 is rotatably but axially non-movably mounted; a pressure spring 111 is adjacent to the rod 110. On the opposite side of the eccentric 10, a holding magnet 33 is disposed next to the rod, with the ejecting member 28 of the knitting needle 5 positioned immediately above the rod 110 so that the free end of the rod 110 serves as the ejector. The draw-off member 29 formed by the foot of the knitting needle 5 is still located below the draw-off member 113 formed in the extension of the fork arm 15, since neither the knitting needle 5 nor the drive and displacement element 12 can move in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the knitting needle 5. is indicated by an arrow.

The exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of FIG. 18 operates as follows; As soon as the eccentric 10 completes its ejection stroke, the ejection members 28 of the knitting needle 5 are lifted due to the small clearance between the withdrawal member 113 and the withdrawal member 29 from the free ends of the sticks 110. After about one half of the stroke the planes of the drive and displacement elements against the force of the compression spring 111 on the pole surface of the holding magnet 33 and thus also into the out of working position. If the retaining magnet 33 pulls the rod 110 in the second half of the stroke, then the upper end of the rod 110 is located in the working region of the ejecting member 28 of the knitting needle 5, which is thus unaffected by the subsequent stroke.

If, on the other hand, the rod 110 is free during the second half of the stroke and is not held by the holding magnet 33, then the compression spring 111 presses it against the eccentric 10 and thereby into the coupling position so that the upper end of the rod 110 falls below the ejector 28 and Also in this exemplary embodiment, the coupler formed in the form of a rod 110 serves to engage the knitting needle 5 with the drive and slide element 12 when transmitting the ejection force to the ejection member 28.

Alternatively, in the embodiment of FIG. 18, a choice between knitting and grip can be made if either the ejecting members 28 of the knitting needles 5 or the upper ends of the sticks 110 are formed as steps and in addition the magnet is controlled by suitable pulses. the upper end of the rod 110 from the take-off member 113 so much greater than the distance of the ejection member 28 from the take-off member 29 that, as in the examples 8 to 17, an additional retract stroke can be performed on the knitting needles

5, which is not invoked by eccentrics 10.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 19, the drive and displacement element 12, provided with two fork arms 14, 15 and a connecting web 16, is mounted in a sliding bearing 107 which is, as in FIG. 18, parallel to the axis of the knitting needle 5. however, the coupler is formed by a pivot rod 115 attached to the knitting needle 5, which is disposed in the axis of the needle 5 between the two fork arms 14, 15 and is provided with a knee 117 whose lower edge serves as a ejection member cooperating with the upper edge of the elongated fork the arms 14 which form the extension part. Again, the upper edge of the knee of the knitting needle 5 serves as the withdrawal member 29 of the knitting needle 5, while the withdrawal member 118 is formed correspondingly (twice-angled extension of the drive and slide element 12).

The apparatus of FIG. 19 operates as follows; once the eccentric 10 has completed its ejection stroke, the knee 117 is lifted due to the slight play between the pulling member 29 and the extension of the fork arm 14, so that the rod 115 deflects away from the eccentric 10 against the force of the pressure spring 119 thereby decommissioning; this is followed by tilting into the plane of the eccentric 10. Depending on whether the holding magnet holds the rod or releases it before the end of the stroke, the lower edge of the elbow 117 is located at or near the upper edge of the extension of the fork arm 14 at the start. is done by knitting a pattern or knitting a plain knit. The release or selection of the rods 115 in this embodiment, as in the example of FIG. 18, may be performed long before the exhaust stroke is completed. Also, the butts 117 of the knitting needle rods 115, which have not been selected for knitting, may lie outside the region below the extension of the fork arm 14, since they are held in a position different from the binding position by the eccentric 10 until the draw stroke is almost complete. In the binding position, it connects the coupler formed in the form of a rod 115, the knitting needles 5 and the drive and displacement element 12.

Alternatively, in this exemplary embodiment, it is also possible that by suitably forming the knees 117 or the upper edge of the extension of the forked arm 14, a choice between knitting and grip can be made. It is also possible to provide additional retraction strokes.

In order to prevent the rods 115 from sliding along the pole surfaces of the holding magnets 33 in the direction of the skin axes during the withdrawal or extension stroke:

20 are provided with an extension 120. This extension 120 is mounted in the guide fork 123 and can be displaced therein in the direction of the axis of the knitting needle 5. The guide fork 123 is mounted in the plane of the drive and feed member 12, and in this plane, it is pivotable about a pivot point 124. A compression spring 126 presses the rod 115 by means of a guide fork 123 in the direction of the eccentric 10. The guide fork 123 can swivel and lie against the pole surface of the holding magnet 33 which can then either hold or release it as the knitting pattern so requires. The difference from the example of FIG. 19 is that the type of knitting pattern does not affect the rod 115 moving by the driving and sliding element 12 in the stroke direction, but the pivotable guide fork 123 that is pivotable in the direction of the knitting needle 5.

The exemplary embodiment of FIG. 20 can be extended to the choice of knitting and grip according to FIG. On the one hand, the upper edge of the extension of the fork arm 14 is formed in the form of a two-part stage 128 and, on the other hand, two parts of the stage 129 are provided on the guide fork 123 which cooperate or do not cooperate with a control spring 34, operated by a holding magnet 33, which is end-capped with a nose 131. The nose 131 continues the elongated portion on which the arm 132 is formed, cooperating with a web 135 mounted in a vertical extension of step 128 which in each drive and displacement position A further change from the example of FIG. 20 is that the rod 115 has a knee 136, the upper edge of which acts as a draw-off member, which cooperates with the the exhaust member 118 of the driving and sliding element 12.

In this case, both the ejection parts and the withdrawal parts of the drive and displacement element 12 can act on the ejection and possibly the withdrawal members which are not formed on the knitting needles 5 but on other knitting members and elements or on the binding members.

The apparatus of FIG. 21 operates as follows; Once the eccentrics 10 have completed the ejection stroke, they engage the rod 115 and push it outwards until it tilts from the active area of step 128 to a position where it is out of action. The nose 131 of the actuating spring 34, due to the corresponding inclination of the guide fork 123, comes past the left portion of the step 129. If at this time the actuating spring 34 has abutted to the pole surface of the retaining magnet due to cooperation of the web 135 with arm 132 33, it detaches from the holding magnet 33 and then falls off the pole surface itself and its nose 131 abuts the first part of step 129 as soon as the guide fork 123 is tilted to the left during the second part of the stroke. As a result, the coupler formed as a rod 115 is locked in its out-of-working position so that the knitting needle 5 is not disengaged during the next stroke.

If knitting needles 5 are to be knitted, the control spring 34 is attached to the retaining magnet 33 and the rod 115 is slightly pulled away and deflected in the direction of the eccentric 10 during the second half of the stroke until the lower edge of the knee 117 reaches the upper part of step 128 that is, until it reaches the binding position, which then results in the knitting needle 5 being moved into the knitting position.

To control the knitting needles 5 in the gripping position, the actuating springs 34 are released from the holding magnet 33 only after the nose 131 has moved into the region of the second stage portion 129 and is pressed against it after release, thereby locking the rod 115 in its second engagement position. in which the lower edge of the knee 117 is located above the lower part of step 128 and the knitting needle 5 reaches only the catching position during the extension stroke.

Figures 22 to 25 show the different phases of movement of the selector assemblies of Figure 21, with Figure 22 showing the moment of choice, Figure 23 showing the moment of choice for knitting, Figure 24 showing the moment of choice for catching, and in Fig. 25 a moment after the choice to omit knitting.

Also, in the apparatus of Figs. 20-25, the knitting needle 5 may perform additional retraction strokes independent of the rotation of the eccentric 10, wherein the distance between the extension forming the withdrawal member 118 and the upper portion of step 128 is sufficiently greater than the distance between the upper edge of the knee. 136 and the lower edge of the knee 117 of the rod 115.

A particular advantage of the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 9 to 17 and FIGS. 21 to 25 is that the coupling member formed by the rod 115 is also controlled in the catch binding position and consequently operates reliably even at higher speeds.

In the previously described exemplary embodiments, all couplers were initially moved out of the working position during the stroke and then moved therefrom to one of the two coupling positions according to patterning needs. Figures 26 to 31 show examples of embodiments in which the binding members are first placed in the binding position and then moved from it to a non-binding position according to patterning needs.

The embodiments of the device according to the invention in Figs. 26 to 31 comprise, as in the previous examples, a drive and displacement element

12, whose connecting web 16 is guided in a sliding bearing 107 and whose forked arm 14 carries a pivot bearing 109, in which a rod 110 acting as a coupling member is mounted, but which is supported axially non-movably and on which a compression spring 111 is supported. be disposed against the force of the compression spring 111 on the retaining magnet 33 and has at its end formed a recess forming an elbow 141, the lower edge of which acts as an extension part 142 and whose upper edge serves as the withdrawal part 143; the ejection member 142 meets the corresponding ejection member 145 of the knitting needle 5, and the withdrawal member 143 meets the corresponding ejection member 146 of the knitting needle 5, wherein the ejection member 146 is overhung in each position of the rod 110 by the withdrawal member 143.

A spring 147 is attached to the lower portion of the rod 110 and extends into the space between the rod 110 and the eccentric 10 with which it cooperates. 29 to 31, a dashed line indicates the free, non-tensioned position of the spring 147.

The operation of this device is as follows; For example, in the position of the eccentric 10 of FIG. 26, the rod 110 is pulled by the holding magnet 33 so that the knitting needle 5 can be lifted to the knitting position during the next stroke (see FIG. 27). During the following stroke, the eccentric 10 abuts the spring 147, which is first tensioned and then released again. If no control signal or pulse is applied to the holding magnet 33, which is designed as a permanent magnet with excitation winding, during the stroke stroke, the position of the components remains as in FIG. 26 and the knitting needles 5 can be lifted again.

If the knitting needle is to remain in the normal through position, then a control signal is applied to the excitation winding of the holding magnet 33 (FIG. 28) when the eccentric 10 has completed the full stroke or at the same time 141 and the withdrawing members 145 and the withdrawing members 146, respectively, have a small idle stroke and when retraction locks 40 are retracted. As a result of capturing the control signal. the rod 110 tilts to the left under the pressure of the pressure spring 111 (FIG. 28) until the ejection member 142 comes from under the ejector member 145. The spring 147 is no longer tensioned at this time. At the next ejection stroke, the eccentric 10 and the knitting needles 5 remain in the normal through position (Fig. 29).

Upon completion of the ejection stroke, the eccentric 10 is first restored to the spring 147 and the rod 110 is tensioned in the direction of the retaining magnet 33, with the elbow 141 being pushed against the shank of the knitting needle 5. and the take-off member 146 (FIG. 30), so that in the last part of the take-off stroke the coupling position shown in FIG. 31 is again established. Depending on whether or not the holding magnet 33 receives the control signal 26 or a non-working position according to FIG. 28.

In the embodiments shown in Figs. 26 to 31, as in the examples shown in Figs. 9 to 17 and Figs. 21 to 25, a second binding position can be reached to move the knitting needles into the catching position, with the additional auxiliary means used in these examples, other means may be used. At the same time, if the selector assembly according to the invention is used analogously, it is possible to provide the couplers during the take-up stroke first to a coupling position which results in the knitting needles being moved into the catching position, whereupon the couplers are converted according to the type of pattern produced, either to a non-working position or to another binding position.

The invention is not limited to the described embodiments of the knitting machine according to the invention, but can be varied in many ways within the scope of the invention. Instead of holding magnets 33 and actuating springs 34. other, for example electrical, magnetic, pneumatic, hydraulic and in particular also mechanical devices and devices such as locking pawls may be used to hold the various couplers in the desired positions. The articulated connection between the knitting needles 5 and the couplers shown in FIGS. 19-25 can be replaced by another connection, for example with thin spring elements. The embodiments according to FIG. 21 can be varied in such a way that the nose on the control spring, when mounted on the guide fork stage, is preloaded and is mounted directly on the holding magnet by means of a projection on the guide fork. In another variation of the embodiment, the guide fork does not need to lie on the extended axis of the needle, but can be offset relative to it and interact with the curved projection of the rod 115. The exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 19-20 can be combined so that the elements of FIG. 9 and 16, the coupler may be a rod connected to a knitting needle disposed on the free ends side of the fork arms 14, 15. Instead of a single control spring 34 which cooperates with the stop 96, the web 101, 102, or With step 129, two control springs operated by two holding magnets 33 may be used. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 19, the catch selection may be made so that the knee 117 is provided with a step and the extension of the rod 115 is below the knee 117 a further stage cooperating with the actuating spring 34 is provided. At the same time, this example can be provided with a coupling members having a similar configuration as the rods 110 of FIG. 8 or the rods 115 of FIG. 19 in the region of the free ends of the fork arms 14, 15 of the drive and feed elements 12, but not rigidly connected to the needles or drive and feed elements 12, but can oscillate around a fixed pivot point at the level of the eccentrics 10; the pivot rods may be influenced by a holding magnet or eccentric 10. Stages 95, 128, shown in the examples of Figures 9 to 17 and 21 to 25, respectively, may be formed on the knitting needle 5 instead of on the drive and slide element 12.

9 to 31, it has been appreciated that it is preferred that the eccentrics 10 are usable both for performing retracting and retracting strokes, as well as for moving the couplers within a defined range. direction. However, it is also within the scope of the invention that two different synchronous eccentrically moving eccentrics are used for both types of movement, one of which will only extend and retract strokes and the other will provide only the movements of the couplers, their members, and possibly also oscillating moves.

The pivoting of the couplers may also be carried out by means of magnetic or electrical means, furthermore by pattern wheels which roll on the couplers or by means of a cam curve which moves as a retractable member from one coupler to the other.

A permanent magnet can be used as a holding magnet, the pole part of which attracts the actuating spring is wrapped by an excitation winding, on which signals are applied, which then weaken, compensate or reversal the magnetic field of the permanent magnet. If it is considered to be a disadvantage that, for example, in the embodiment of Figs. 18-20, it is not possible to knit with all needles in the event of a power failure, the holding magnet can be formed as a pure electromagnet. The control signals are supplied only if some of the control springs are to be held on its pole surface when knitting the pattern. Instead of a combination. a retaining magnet with an actuating spring may be used to transform itself into an active element, for example a piezoelectric bending element or an electrically heated bimetallic element.

The holding magnets must be adequate

Claims (61)

Knitting machine, with at least one needle bed in which knitting elements are displaceably mounted, for example knitting needles, with an ejection, draw and select mechanism for each knitting element, for example a knitting needle, the mechanism comprising at least one eccentric, a driving element, which, in at least two mutually opposite directions, is still in contact with the eccentric by means of corresponding shaping, the coupling member it occupies, at least in the high way, adapted to the wavy sliding movements of the drive shaft, as shown in FIG. be controlled so that, on the one hand, the supply of pulses corresponds to the position of the magnets in one. the knitting system, that is to say in a single wave one after the other, and that the operation of the magnets correspond to the positions of the needles and that for those needles in the same phase position, the magnets are supplied with pulses at the same time. Choosing, knitting or not knitting are. the number of control signals required for each cycle as many waves as are present on the machine. With the double choice between knitting, knocking out and catching, so many control signals are needed that their number equals twice the number of waves. The processing of the information is preferably carried out in such a way that, in its simple selection or simple selection, a number of control channels equal to the number of knitting needles is provided, each nth channel corresponding to the nth needle of each assembly. The individual control channels are in turn controlled by coding discs mounted, for example, on a drive shaft. The setting of the next set of control channels to the hold can be done with another. a coding disc which. is offset relative to the first disc by a certain amount of angle of rotation, the offset on the shaft being selected as needed so that the nose formed on the actuating spring can be inserted, for example, according to FIGS. If mechanical selection is used, then control information can be stored on the carrier information track. information, for example in the form of protrusions. To distinguish the knitting, catching and knockout instruction, the protrusions or eccentrics may be disposed at different phase positions or may have different heights or may be arranged in different information tracks. Combinations of these features are also possible. The invention can be used not only in flat knitting machines but also in circular machines, for example in the embodiment according to DAS No. 1 008 438 or on other stitching machines, for example. on strike strikes. An interlocking, one connecting position for connecting a knitting element, for example a knitting needle, to the drive element, and one disconnecting position for disconnecting. the knitting element, for example, the knitting needle, away from the drive element and before each ejection stroke of the knitting element, for example, the knitting needle, is forcedly moved to one of the two positions and the patterning device is the linker for selecting the knitting element, e.g. held in the same position or moved back to the second position, the eccentrics being mounted on a rotating shaft with an angular offset relative to each other, characterized in that the knitting elements, for example knitting needles (5), are independently coupling members (16, 110, 115) in engagement with respective drive and displacement elements (12) for bringing the coupling members during withdrawal of the respective knitting elements, for example knitting needles (5), to one or the other position. 2. Knitting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that all the binding members are movable between two binding positions, one corresponding to the knitting position and the other corresponding to the catching position, between which there are non-binding positions, and before each ejection stroke one of these three positions and, according to the pattern, are held or returned to one of the two other positions in that position. Knitting machine according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the drive and feed elements (12) are provided with two fork arms (14, 15) which are spaced apart in the direction of the extend and draw strokes and in each angular position of the drive the shafts (7) are located on opposite sides of the eccentric (10). 4. Knitting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the eccentrics (10) are equally wide in each angular position in the direction of the stroke and retraction strokes. Knitting machine according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a spring (20, 111, 119, 126) acting in the third direction is arranged to press the coupling elements (16, 110, 115) onto the eccentrics (10). Knitting machine according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each coupler is formed by a rod (110) which is pivotally connected to the drive and feed element (12). 7. Knitting machine according to claim 6, characterized in that each rod (110) has an ejection member (142) cooperating with the ejection member (28, 145) of the respective knitting needles (5). Knitting machine according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that each rod (110) is mounted on an extension of the forked arm (14) of the drive and displacement element (12) in the form of a rotary bearing (109), and the area of action of the respective eccentric (10) and the patterning device. Knitting machine according to Claim 8, characterized in that a spring (147) is arranged between the rod (110) and the eccentric (10) for transmitting movement from the eccentric (10) to the rod (HO). Knitting machine according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the binding member is formed by a rod (115), which is pivotally connected to the respective knitting needle (5). 11. Knitting machine according to claim 10, characterized in that the spherical drive and displacement element (12) is provided with an ejection member (114) and each rod (115) is provided with an ejection member formed, for example, of an elbow (117) cooperating with the ejection member. 114) of the associated drive and displacement element (12). 12. Knitting machine according to claim 11, characterized in that each rod (115) is mounted in the area of operation of the respective eccentric (10) and the patterning device. Knitting machine according to Claims 6 to 12, characterized in that the eccentrics (10) are adapted to pivot the bars (110, 115) in a direction deviating from the direction of the extendable and retractable strokes. Knitting machine according to Claims 6 to 13, characterized in that each drive and displacement element (12) is provided with a take-off part (24, 113, 118, 143) and each knitting needle (5) is provided with a take-off member (29). 146), cooperating with the towing part (24, 113, 118, 143). Knitting machine according to Claims 10 to 13, characterized in that each drive and displacement element (12) is provided with a take-off part (118) and each rod (115) with a take-off member (29, 136) cooperating with the take-off part (118) ) of the respective driving and sliding element (12). Knitting machine according to one of Claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the distance between the extension parts (25, 114) and the withdrawal parts (24, 113, 118) corresponds to the distance between the extension parts (28, 117) and the removal parts (29). 136). Knitting machine according to one of Claims 6 to 16, characterized in that each rod (110, 115) is biased by a pressure spring (111, 119, 126) in the direction of the respective eccentric (10) and a patterning device, consisting mainly of holding magnets (33) is held against the action of the pressure spring (111, 119, 126). 18. Knitting machine according to claim 10, characterized in that the free end of each rod (115) is mounted longitudinally displaceably in a pivoting guide fork (123). Knitting machine according to Claim 18, characterized in that a pressure spring (126) is mounted on the guide fork (123). Knitting machine according to Claims 7 to 19, characterized in that each ejection part is provided with a step, one part of which is adapted to eject the respective knitting needle (5) into the knitting height and the other part of which is adapted to eject the knitting needle (5). ) to the hold height. Knitting machine according to Claims 7 to 20, characterized in that each ejecting member (117) is provided with a step, one part of which is adapted to extend the knitting needles (5) to the knitting height and the other part is adapted to extend the knitting needles. (5) to hold height. 22. Knitting machine according to claim 2, 20 or 21, characterized in that each of the two parts of the step corresponds in each case to one of the two binding positions of each rod (110, 115). Knitting machine according to one of Claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the patterning device comprises a set of holding magnets (33), the number of which corresponds to the number of couplers. 24. Knitting machine according to claim 23, characterized in that each rod (115) is located in the area of application of the patterning device and, after pivoting to a non-working position, is mounted on a holding magnet (33). 25. Knitting machine according to item 23,. characterized in that the guide fork (123) is mounted on the holding magnet (33) after the pivot rod (115) has been swung out of the working position. Knitting machine according to Claim 24, characterized in that the patterning device is provided with control springs (34) corresponding to the number of holding magnets (33) and which can be resiliently bent on the holding magnet (33) for releasing the rods (115). and pivoting them into the working position, wherein the rod (115), after being released from the holding magnet (33), is locked in a non-working position. 27. Knitting machine according to claim 26, characterized in that each actuating spring (34) is coupled to a respective drive and displacement element (12) for its mounting on a holding magnet (33) during the extension stroke. Knitting machine according to claim 26 or 28, characterized in that each actuating spring (34) is provided with a nose (131) and each guide fork (123) is provided with a two-part stage (129), and an actuating spring (34) it is adapted to release the rod (115) upon its abutment on the holding magnet (33) and after being released from the holding magnet (33) it is supported by its nose (131) on one of the two parts of the stage (129) and the associated rod (115) is locked in working or non-working position. Knitting machine according to Claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the binding member is formed by a connecting web (16) fixedly connected to the respective drive and displacement element (12). Knitting machine according to Claim 29, characterized in that each drive and displacement element (12) is formed by a fork with two fork arms (14, 15) connected to one another by a connecting web (16). Knitting machine according to Claim 29 or 31, characterized in that the eccentric (10) is adapted to extend the connecting web (16) in a direction different from the direction of the extension and retraction strokes. 32. Knitting machine according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that it is on a fork. the pressure spring abuts. (20), whereby the fork is pressed against the eccentric (10). Knitting machine according to one of Claims 29 to 32, characterized in that a stalk (18 j), the free end of which is mounted in a fixedly mounted sliding and rotary bearing (21, 22, 99), is fixedly connected to each drive and displacement element (12). ). 34. Knitting machine according to items 29 to 33, characterized by. by everyone. drive and displacement element. (12) is displaceably and rotatably mounted in a spring (23) firmly attached to. machine. 35. Knitting machine according to Claims 14 to 34, characterized in that it is drawn off. a member (29), for example a foot of the knitting needle (5), engages in each position of the connecting web (16) below the withdrawal part (24) of the drive a. a slider (12). · Knitting machine according to Claim 35, characterized in that each pulling member (29) formed by the upper surface of the knee is in each position of the connecting web (16) covered by the lower edge of the respective driving and sliding element (12). Knitting machine according to Claim 34, characterized in that each drive and displacement element (12) is provided with a step (95), one part of which is adapted to raise the knitting needles (5) to the knitting height and the other part of which is adapted for extending the knitting needles (5) to the holding height. Knitting machine according to Claim 37, characterized in that each ejection member is provided with a step of which one part is adapted to extend the knitting needles (5) to the knitting height and the other part is adapted to extend the knitting needles (5) to the catch height. . Knitting machine according to Claim 2, 37 or 38, characterized in that each of the two parts of the step (95) corresponds to one of the two binding positions of each connection web (16). Knitting machine according to Claims 23 to 39, characterized in that the patterning device comprises actuating springs (34) adapted to be resiliently mounted on holding magnets. (33), wherein the number of actuating springs (34) is equal to the number of connecting legs (16) and upon actuation of the actuating springs (34) onto the holding magnets (33), the associated connecting legs (16) are released for pivoting into one release from. of the holding magnet (33), the connecting web (16) is lockable in the off-coupling position. Knitting machine according to claim 40, characterized in that each stem (18) of the drive and feed element (12) is provided with a projection (36) for pressing the actuating spring (34). for holding magnet (33). Knitting machine according to claim 40 or 41, characterized in that each control spring (34) has an end nose (97) and each stem (18) has a two-part stop (96) and the control spring (34) is adapted for tilting the connecting web (16) to the binding position when mounted on the holding magnet (33) and releasing it from the holding magnet (33). fitting with its end. the nose (97) and the first or second stop member (96) for locking the linking web (16) in the binding or non-binding position. Knitting machine according to one of Claims 23 to 42, characterized in that each holding magnet (33) is formed as a magnet. 44. Knitting machine according to items 33 to 43, characterized by. in that a pressure spring (20) is mounted on the outer free ends of each shaft (18). Knitting machine according to one of Claims 31 to 43, characterized in that each stem (18) is attached to the drive and feed element (12) from the side facing away from the fork arms (14, 15). Knitting machine according to one of Claims 33 to 44, characterized in that each pivotable and sliding bearing (99) is formed by two conical faces facing each other, between which a respective shank (18) is arranged. Knitting machine according to one of Claims 33 to 44, characterized in that the rotary and sliding bearing is formed by a pin (22) mounted in the elongated slot (21). Knitting machine according to one of Claims 33 to 47, characterized in that each rotary and sliding bearing is located off the axis of the knitting needle (5) or its extension. Knitting machine according to one of Claims 33 to 47, characterized in that each rotary and sliding bearing (99) is mounted in an extension of the axis associated with the knitting needle (5). Knitting machine according to one of Claims 1 to 49, characterized in that a spacer disk (77), which is an additional bearing of the drive shaft (7), is arranged between at least two eccentrics (10). Knitting machine according to Claim 50, characterized in that two spacers (77) are arranged between all eccentrics (10), located on two opposite sides next to the drive shaft (7) and fixed to the machine frame. Knitting machine according to one of Claims 1 to 51, characterized in that at least two eccentrics (10) are provided with a spacer ring (80) mounted on a drive shaft (7), the peripheral surface of which is mounted in a stationary bearing. Knitting machine according to claim 52, characterized in that the stationary bearings are formed by supported discs (81). Knitting machine according to items 52 and 53, characterized in that the diameter of the envelope circle of the spacers (80) is larger than the diameter of the envelope circle of the eccentric (10). 55. Knitting machine according to claim 54, characterized in that spacers (80) are provided between all eccentrics (10), the diameter of the envelope of which is greater than the largest diameter of the envelope of all the eccentrics (10). 56. The knitting machine of claim 55, wherein the spacer disks (80) are mounted in a bearing that is a sliding bearing extending over the entire width of the machine. 57. The knitting machine of claim 55, wherein the spacer disks (80) are supported in three. roller bearings (82), which are located at three different locations along the circumference of the spacer ring (80). Knitting machine according to one of Claims 1 to 57, characterized in that sleeves (83) are mounted non-rotatably and displaceably on the drive shaft (7), a gap being formed between the contact surfaces, the eccentrics (10) and the spacers (80) ) are mounted non-rotatably and axially displaceably on the sleeves (83). Knitting machine according to claim 58, characterized in that at the ends of the sleeves (83), recesses (85) are provided for receiving the bearing, one part of which is fixed to the machine frame by means of an attachment web (89) passing through the joint. 60. Knitting machine according to claim 58 or 59, characterized in that the drive and displacement elements (12) are mounted in additional stationary elements. needle bed guides (3). Knitting machine according to Claims 15 to 60, characterized in that the distance between the ejection member (25) or the first fork arm (14) and the take-off member (24, 113, 118) is greater than the distance between the ejection member (28, 117) and the towing authority (29, 136).