CS198262B2 - Fodder mixture for husbandry animals - Google Patents

Abstract

Animal feeds based on carbohydrates, protein, and fats and containing from 5 to 20 ppm of the antibiotic zinc Bacitracin and a content of proteolytic enzymes in such an amount that the enzymatic activity is from 0.05 to 2.5 mTU/gm of said animal feed.

Description

The invention relates to a feed composition for livestock.

High-performance feed mixtures, as commonly used today in intensive livestock breeding, contain a number of ingredients with a prophylactic and / or nutritional effect. These include, inter alia, antibiotics and enzymes. While the use of antibiotics has already been used in compound feeds of all types, enzymes are not widely used in practice.

The feed mixtures used in modern intensive animal husbandry are usually so optimized in all nutrient components that further improvement does not seem just possible. Surprisingly, however, it has been found that even an optimally constructed high-performance feed can still be improved in terms of feed utilization and / or weight gain achievable when certain antibiotics are added to these feeds along with proteolytic enzymes.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a feed composition for commercial animals based on carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and optionally conventional ingredients, characterized in that it contains 5 to 20 ppm zinc bacitracin as an antibiotic and proteolytic enzymes in an amount sufficient to achieve activity 0, 05 to 2.5 mTU / g.

Zinc bacitracin belongs to a group of polypeptide antibiotics. In commercial preparations, it is a mixture of different polypeptides 8 containing 20 zinc.

The starting form of bacitracin is known to be produced by Bacillus strains

1icheniformis.

Suitable proteolytic enzymes are obtained primarily by culturing microorganisms and isolating ú from nutrient solutions. Appropriate procedures are known. For example, proteolytic enzymes from the microorganisms Bacillusicheniformis, Bacillus natte, Bacillus subtilis, etc. are used. Acidic proteases, for example from Aspergillus niger or Rhizopus rhizopodiformis, are particularly preferred. Such proteases have a particularly broad spectrum of activity in the weakly acidic range, i.e., in the pH range of 2.5 to 6.5.

Commercial feed mixtures are optimally formulated to meet the specific needs of the individual animal species. They are based on carbohydrates, mainly from cereal components, corn or the like. Protein sources are primarily soybean meal, fish meal, animal meal, bran, etc. Missing amino acids such as methionine can be additionally added. Fats are added in the form of vegetable or animal fats or waste fats. Salts, such as dicalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, are added as additional ingredients needed for body growth. Optionally, the feed mixture is supplemented by the addition of trace elements, vitamins, fillers, etc. Even fermentatively produced substances, such as unicellular proteins from petroleum fractions or alcohols, various yeasts, algae proteins or other substances possibly derived from waste may be partly component of the feed formula.

The feed mixtures according to the invention contain, in addition to the usual ingredients, for each species treated, 5 to 20 ppm, preferably 10 to 15 ppm, of said antibiotic and proteolytic enzymes in an amount to achieve an enzymatic activity of 0.05 to 2.5 mTU / g. 8, preferably 0.2 to 0.5 mTU / g. In particular, a combination of zinc bacitracin and an acidic protease from fungi or a mixture of proteases is used. The incremental weight gain _f or improved feed utilization achieved by this feed is up to 4 Z compared to the respective control mixtures containing only the antibiotic.

An effective combination of zinc bacitracin and enzymes has proven to be particularly useful in chicken feed. However, it is also useful in all other animal species in which the use of zinc bacitracin alone is advantageous, for example in pig fattening and in feed for laying hens.

The antibiotic is expediently added to the feed in the form of a masterbatch, for example bound to a soybean extraction meal. When using meal-like feed mixtures, the enzyme component is also applied as a premix. Any carrier component of the feed mixture, for example also soya meal, serves as carrier. When using steam pelleted feed, the enzymes must be admixed in a suitably stabilized form to prevent moisture and heat inactivation during the pelletization process.

To determine the enzyme unit (TU), the proteolytic activity of the protease was determined according to the known Aneon procedure; a suitably diluted amount of enzyme solution is incubated at 40 ° C for 20 minutes with an equal volume of 1,2% casein solution containing 0,6% lactic acid, 6 moles of urea and 0,1 moles of citric or acetic acid . The pH of the casein solution is adjusted to 4.5 by adding 2 N sodium hydroxide solution. After incubation, 0.4 N trichloroacetic acid is added in a 1: 1 by volume ratio, the precipitate of undigested casein is filtered off and the protein cleavage products formed on degradation are determined in the filtrate by any method for protein determination. For example, the method described by Layn in the Journal of Methode of Enzymology, £ 448 et al. (1957), is suitable for this determination.

For each determination, a blank value should first be established; trifluoroacetic acid is added first, followed by a casein solution. This blank value indicates, in addition to the reactive value resulting from the use of the reagent, the proportion of low molecular weight peptides that is already present in the enzyme solution prior to digestion. The difference between the main value and the blank value in this method is then compared with the extinction provided by a certain amount of tyrosine in this assay. This amount of tyrosine is then a measure of the proteolytic activity of the enzyme used: the enzyme unit (TU) represents the amount of enzyme that releases fission products from the casein solution in 1 minute, characterized by the same extinction as 1 molar tyrosine solution. Usual reading is in mTU - 103 TU.

Example 1

160 male Lohmann day-old chicks are fed in sitting positions for 6 weeks each with the same compound feed, but / and without antibiotic or enzyme addition, b / with 10 ppm bacitracin zinc salt, с / with 10 ppm bacitracin zinc salt and 0, 3 mTU / g of acidic protease from Aspergillus niger, and at the end of the experiment, the final weight and feed utilization was determined. Feed utilization means feed consumption / weight gain ratio *

Feed composition / Z /:

corn meal 50 soya extract meal 18.5 Wheat - Wall 15 Dec feed fat / soybean oil blend and lard in ratio 1: 1 / 6 feeding blood meal 3.5 meat bone meal 3 fish meal 1 a mixture of minerals 1 vitamin premix 1 feed limestone 0.89 masterbatch with trace elements 0.1 masterbatch with antibiotics 0.01 100.00 Result and/ ь / с / without addition with addition with addition zinc salts zinc salts drum trac inu bacitracin + E final weight / g / 1518 1515 1557 use feed 1, 86 1, 86 1.80

E - proteolytic enzymes from these microorganisms

Example 2

760 day-old chicks of the Hubbard species (880 males and 880 females) are fed for 7 weeks with the same compound feed mixtures for 7 weeks, but without and / or antibiotic or enzyme addition, b / with 15 ppm zinc bacitracin / Zn-bac /, с / with the addition of 0.36 mTU / g feed of acidic proteases from Rhizopus rhizopodiformis / Е /, d / with the addition of b / + с /.

Determine the course of feed is understood as the ratio Feed composition (in Z): weight gain and degree of feed utilization, feed consumption / weight gain. Degree of use fish meal 4.0 maize 43.4 soya scrap / 49 Z RP / 32.0 soybean oil • 6.0 tapioca 65 10.0 D, L-methionine 0.2 calcium carbonate 0.3 kokcidio8tat. masterbatch 0.6 mineral premix substances and vitamins 3.5

100.0

Results

and / without the addition of an antibiotic or enzyme b) with the addition of zinc bacitoa / i C/ with addition of acidic proteases / Е / d / with addition of Zn-baa / toa / inu and acid proteases / Е / ultimate hmoonost 1692 1702 1724 1767 / 8 / degree use feed 2.04 2.01 1, 98 1, 95

Example 3

600 NHL laying hens 20 weeks old are fed for 6 months in cages with the same feed formula but without the addition of an antibiotic or enzyme, with

and (b) (c) d) by addition of 20 ppm of zinc bacitoacin (Zn-baa), by addition of 0.15 mTU / g of acidic protease () from Aspperillus niger, by addition of b (+ c).

The average egg mass of the laying hens and 1 mss.c, and the m4 nosst / i feed needed per kg based on

Feed composition / in Z: maize soybean meal kg of egg mass.

oats barley fishmeal develops heavy fat calcium moonohydoo phosphate calcium carbonate

D, L-methionine wheat bran meal Vitamin and trace element premix Result;

37.0

19.0

10.0

12.0

4.55

2,0

4.0

1.0

1.5

5.7.

0.05

1,2

2.0 a / without addition of antibiotic or enzyme b / with addition

Zn salt of bacitracin c / with addition of acid protease / Е /

100.0 d / with addition of Zn-salt of bacitracin and acid protease, (E) average egg hmooaa1 hens and egg

/ kg / Výý.ledek: 1, 286 1,298 a / 1,295 1,359 d / · b / C/ ou-oživí feed / 1 kg of egg mass 1.41 1.51 1.42 1.37

Claims (2)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION A feed composition for commercial animals based on carbohydrates, proteins, fats and, where appropriate, conventional additives, characterized in that it contains 5 to 20 ppm of zinc bacitracin as an antibiotic, and proteolytic enzymes in sufficient quantities to achieve an enzymatic activity of 0.05 to 2.5 mTU / g. 2. The feed composition of claim 1, wherein the proteolytic enzymes are acidic proteases having a spectrum of activity at a pH in the range of 2.5 to 6.5.