CN87104905A - 手提式复合磁化装置 - Google Patents

手提式复合磁化装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN87104905A
CN87104905A CN87104905.8A CN87104905A CN87104905A CN 87104905 A CN87104905 A CN 87104905A CN 87104905 A CN87104905 A CN 87104905A CN 87104905 A CN87104905 A CN 87104905A
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workpiece
magnetic
field
tested
magnetizing
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CN87104905.8A
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CN1009309B (zh
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严大卫
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Non Destructive Testing Service Department Of Chongqing Science And Technology Association
STATE RUN CHONGQING HEAVY DUTY
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Non Destructive Testing Service Department Of Chongqing Science And Technology Association
STATE RUN CHONGQING HEAVY DUTY
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Priority to CN87104905A priority Critical patent/CN1009309B/zh
Publication of CN87104905A publication Critical patent/CN87104905A/zh
Publication of CN1009309B publication Critical patent/CN1009309B/zh
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/10—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermocouples
    • F23N5/107—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermocouples using mechanical means, e.g. safety valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/02—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having conical surfaces; Packings therefor
    • F16K5/0207—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having conical surfaces; Packings therefor with special plug arrangement, e.g. special shape or built in means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/08—Details
    • F16K5/12—Arrangements for modifying the way in which the rate of flow varies during the actuation of the valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F28F1/325—Fins with openings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/454—Heat exchange having side-by-side conduits structure or conduit section
    • Y10S165/50—Side-by-side conduits with fins
    • Y10S165/501—Plate fins penetrated by plural conduits
    • Y10S165/502—Lanced

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提出一种新的磁粉探伤磁化装置，该装置利用交流电磁铁磁化装置与被检工件构成交变磁回路，使磁化线圈上缠绕的二次线圈形成感应电势，将此感应电势导入工件被检部位产生短路电流，此短路电流在被检部位产生周向磁场，与磁化装置在工件上产生的交变纵向磁场相匹配，组成复合磁场。此复合磁场可检出被检部位各个方向的裂缝，在不考虑磁场匹配的情况下，本装置也可作为触点通电磁化电源使用。

Description

本发明为一种磁化装置，尤指一种利用交流电磁铁磁化装置的磁化线圈上绕制二次线圈，形成感应电势，将感应电势导入工件被检查部位产生短路电流，此电流在工件上产生周向磁场，与交流电磁铁磁化装置在原工件被检查部位上产生的交变纵向磁场组合在复合磁场的装置。它属于无损检测技术中的磁粉探伤设备。
众所周知，在工业锅炉、电站锅炉、钢制受压容器、船舶和飞行器等大型构件中，由于焊缝和原材料存在的严重缺陷而发生的事故或报废的事件甚多。故而世界各国对这类构件的制造、安装和运行均作出了严格的规定，除出厂前必须进行磁粉探伤外，在使用过程中还需定期进行磁粉探伤，其目的是检查有无潜在的危及设备安全使用的各类裂缝（如疲劳、腐蚀、工艺质量引起的裂缝），避免恶性事故的发生。
对于大型构件的磁粉探伤，通常是将磁粉探伤机的主体装置即磁化装置置于被检工件上，对被检工件施加外磁场进行磁化。属铁磁性材料的被检工件在外磁场感应作用下被磁化后，利用缺陷部位所产生的漏磁场能吸附磁粉的现象，来判断工件有无裂缝和裂缝的大小。
目前对大型构件进行磁化的装置有交流电磁铁磁化装置;直流电磁铁磁化装置;永久磁铁磁化装置;局部触头通电磁化装置;磁轭式旋转磁场磁化装置，作为一般工件磁化的尚有固定式复合磁化装置。前四种磁化装置，一次磁化仅能发现被检面上一个方向的裂缝，为要发现被检面上各个方向的裂缝避免漏检，必须将磁化装置对被检面作相互垂直的两次以上的磁化，这一点在各国有关标准中有明确的强制性规定。磁轭式旋转磁场磁化装置虽然可以一次磁化发现被检面上各个方向的裂缝，但磁头一般均在5kg以上，加上控制箱在10kg以上，另外磁化的有效范围较窄，对一些复杂部位，使用不便，甚至无法使用。对固定式复合磁化装置，虽然一次磁化可发现被检面上各个方向的裂缝，但因需要二个互相独立的磁化电源，因而装置的体积和重量无法实现小型化，且设备造价高
为克服上述各磁化装置诸项缺点，本发明以最简单之原理，提供一个小巧、轻便、能耗低、一个磁化电源、一次磁化就能发现被检面上各个方向裂缝的新磁化装置，以减轻现场探伤时的劳动强度，提高检测结果的可靠性。
其解决方案是：在交流电磁铁磁化装置的磁化线圈上，再绕制一个线圈，使其产生感应电势，此时将线圈的两端头导入工件被检查部位，形成短路，产生大电流，从而在被检部位产生周向磁场，与原装置在被检面上产生的交变纵向磁场相匹配，组合成复合磁场。在工作时，如果不考虑磁场的相互匹配，则该装置可产生较高的低压大电流，作为触点通电磁化电源。
附图描述了本发明的一个实施例。
现参照附图就本发明作详细说明如下。
如图：交流电磁铁磁化装置由铁心（1）和绕在铁心（1）上的磁化线圈（2）构成。二次线圈（3）绕在磁化线圈（2）上。使用时，将铁心的两极与被检部位紧贴，此时可将工件被检部位和铁心视作一个完整的变压器铁心。当磁化线圈通电后，产生的磁通由铁心（1）及工件（4）形成一个闭合回路，使工件被检部位纵向磁化。此时绕制在磁化线圈（2）上的二次线圈（3）就会产生感应电势。将此感应电势导入工件（4）被检部位使其短路，产生大电流，尤如触点通电磁化装置一样。感应的大电流将在工件（4）被检部位产生周向磁场，此周向磁场与电磁铁在被检部位所产生的纵向磁场相匹配形成复合磁场该复合磁场可检查出各个方向的裂缝。如果不考虑磁场的相互匹配，则该装置可产生较高的低压大电流，可单独作为触点通电磁化电源使用。
实验证明复合磁化装置对美国ASME-SE709标准所规定的板状（厚度为19MM）试块的0.125MM深刻槽，不论是磁铁轴线平行刻槽轴线、垂直刻槽轴线或呈45度角，均能清晰显示。上述标准的磁场指示器亦能显示八个方向的磁痕。单独作为触点通电磁化电源使用时，亦能符合上述标准的有关要求。
由于该装置重量轻、体积小，一项磁化就能发现被检部位各个方向的裂缝，故而降低了劳动强度，节约了能耗，提高了检测速度和检测可靠性。

Claims (2)

1、交流电磁铁磁化装置由铁心(1)和绕在铁心(1)上的磁化线圈(2)构成。其特征是：在磁化线圈(2)上再绕制一个二次线圈(3)，当被检工件(4)与交流电磁铁磁化装置构成磁回路时，使二次线圈(3)形成感应电势。将此电势导入工件(4)被检部位产生短路电流，此短路电流在被检部位产生周向磁场，与交流电磁铁磁化装置在工件(4)上产生的交变纵向磁场相匹配，组合成复合磁场。
2、据权利要求1所述磁化装置，其特征是：当不考虑磁场相互匹配时，本装置也可作为触点通电磁化电源。
CN87104905A 1987-07-15 1987-07-15 复合磁化装置 Expired CN1009309B (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100451643C (zh) * 2005-07-15 2009-01-14 曾德文 磁悬液磁粉浓度传感器
CN110108786A (zh) * 2019-06-12 2019-08-09 上海电气核电设备有限公司 一种大壁厚窄间焊缝清根处的磁粉检测装置及方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100451643C (zh) * 2005-07-15 2009-01-14 曾德文 磁悬液磁粉浓度传感器
CN110108786A (zh) * 2019-06-12 2019-08-09 上海电气核电设备有限公司 一种大壁厚窄间焊缝清根处的磁粉检测装置及方法

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