CN87104805A - Bathtub discharge water control valve and overflow plate - Google Patents

Bathtub discharge water control valve and overflow plate Download PDF

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Publication number
CN87104805A
CN87104805A CN198787104805A CN87104805A CN87104805A CN 87104805 A CN87104805 A CN 87104805A CN 198787104805 A CN198787104805 A CN 198787104805A CN 87104805 A CN87104805 A CN 87104805A CN 87104805 A CN87104805 A CN 87104805A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
mentioned
lid
bathtub
handle
discharging valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN198787104805A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
罗伯特·弗里维尔
菲利普·希格尔
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Kohler Co
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Kohler Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kohler Co filed Critical Kohler Co
Publication of CN87104805A publication Critical patent/CN87104805A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/02—Plumbing installations for fresh water
    • E03C1/04—Water-basin installations specially adapted to wash-basins or baths
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/12—Plumbing installations for waste water; Basins or fountains connected thereto; Sinks
    • E03C1/22—Outlet devices mounted in basins, baths, or sinks
    • E03C1/23—Outlet devices mounted in basins, baths, or sinks with mechanical closure mechanisms
    • E03C1/232—Outlet devices mounted in basins, baths, or sinks with mechanical closure mechanisms combined with overflow devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/12—Plumbing installations for waste water; Basins or fountains connected thereto; Sinks
    • E03C1/24—Overflow devices for basins or baths

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
  • Bathtubs, Showers, And Their Attachments (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of bathtub drain valve control comprises that an overflow cover is installed in the groove of a vertical substantially bathtub wall movably, so that make spout hole in bathtub wall.Overflow plate is suitable for moving between the opening and closing position and a smooth exterior surface face being arranged, like this on fastening position, overflow plate conforms to external surface substantially with the vertical concordant level and smooth surface that provides of bathtub wall, and the person of having a bath can cosily lean against on this surface.A connecting rod that connects overflow cover and discharging valve is closed discharging valve when making overflow plate move to fastening position so that open discharging valve when making overflow plate move to the enable possition.

Description

The present invention relates to the control device of bathtub drain valve.It relates to a kind of control device of being handled by an overflow cover of the level and smooth extension that forms casing wall that discharges water or rather.
Nearly all bathtub all has one to be used for dewatering orifice that water is emitted and one and to be arranged in this dewatering orifice and to be used for cutting out the valve that discharges water in the bottom.This bathtub has a spout hole usually, and it is communicated with the adjutage fluid.Spout hole is positioned on the vertical wall of cylinder, and when someone forgets when closing water or enter bathtub and water level is risen to when too high as a people, water is overflowed outside cylinder so that prevent to the adjutage outflow.
Usually on cylinder, adorn a fixing overflow plate, it be cannot see, but keep the bottom to open simultaneously so that block spout hole.Overflow plate is fixed on the bathtub wall and usually from the normal surface projection of wall.For the joystick that discharges water, movably being installed on the fixing overflow plate and putting in also is common in the cylinder.The joystick that discharges water then is connected on the discharging valve of cylinder bottom portion through connecting rod.
A problem of this drain valve control of prior art and overflow plate is that they project in the cylinder, so that they may prick the back of attempting to lean against the people on the wall of adorning them.Many like this cylinders are subjected at every turn can only the restriction that the people uses.
In order to address this problem, once attempted overflow cover and flush handle separately (way is to place in the groove closing handle, forms level and smooth stayed surface with an independent lid again).This system requirements user had not only mentioned lid but also had spurred an independent handle and goes control to discharge water.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of bathtub drain valve control, its such appearance and setting, so that make the profile of vertical bathtub wall complete, thereby provide the people who has a bath cosily to lean against top smooth, a continuous surface substantially, and wherein overflow plate also have the function of the joystick that discharges water concurrently.
The invention provides a kind of bathtub drain valve control scheme, it comprises a vertical substantially bathtub wall that the spout hole that is communicated with sagging adjutage is arranged on it, the bathtub base plate that the dewatering orifice that is communicated with above-mentioned adjutage is arranged on it; One is used for the discharging valve of opening and closing through the connected state of above-mentioned dewatering orifice; One is contained on the above-mentioned vertical substantially bathtub wall so that block the overflow cover of above-mentioned spout hole substantially, it is characterized in that above-mentioned overflow cover can move and a smooth exterior surface face is basically arranged between the opening and closing position, on above-mentioned fastening position, above-mentioned overflow cover is concordant with above-mentioned vertical bathtub wall substantially so that comply with the profile of wall, thereby provides the people who has a bath can cosily lean against a top surface; And a connecting rod that connects above-mentioned overflow cover and above-mentioned discharging valve, close above-mentioned discharging valve when making above-mentioned overflow cover move to fastening position so that open above-mentioned discharging valve when making above-mentioned overflow cover move to the enable possition.
The present invention also provides a kind of being suitable for to be installed on the bath side walls through the spout hole on the sidewall, and being suitable for being connected to the control device that discharges water on the discharging valve actuator that is placed on above-mentioned sidewall back, said apparatus is characterised in that a lid that is suitable for covering at least the part of above-mentioned spout hole; Be used for above-mentioned lid is contained in radial type linkage on the above-mentioned sidewall, then on being installed in sidewall the time, lid can be on one first bearing pin towards or deviate from above-mentioned sidewall and rotate; Be suitable for being connected to a handle on the above-mentioned discharging valve actuator, so the manipulation of above-mentioned handle drives above-mentioned actuator; One second bearing pin that above-mentioned handle rotates thereon; And be used for lid is connected to the linkage of above-mentioned handle, so above-mentioned rotation of covering on above-mentioned first bearing pin is rotated handle on second bearing pin.
Bathtub drain valve control scheme of the present invention is than available overflow cover and drain valve control are simple in the past.The combination of overflow cover and discharging valve control is easy to handle and is relatively more cheap.In addition, this scheme provides the people can be leaning against a superincumbent level and smooth surface, and what therefore two people can be comfortable sets face to face, and leans against on the opposed casing wall.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the partial sectional view that comprises a bathtub of discharging valve control scheme of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the front view of being got along the 2-2 line of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of being got along the 3-3 line of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the view identical with Fig. 3, but flush handle and discharging valve are in the enable possition;
Fig. 5 couples together the exploded isometric view of those parts of the discharging valve control scheme that is pie graph 1; And
Fig. 6 is the Zoom Side sectional view in the valve joystick district of Fig. 3.
Referring to accompanying drawing: bathtub 10 has 12, one vertical substantially end walls 14 of a diapire and two vertical substantially sidewalls 16.Usually porose 18 on the diapire (or base plate) 12 of cylinder 10, as the dewatering orifice.Vertically also having a hole 20 on the end wall 14, be used as spout hole.The two all is communicated with dewatering orifice 18 and spout hole 20 with adjutage 22 fluids.End wall 14 has a recess (or recess) 24 around spout hole 20.
Recess 24 is oblique, and is up-narrow and down-wide shown in cross section among Fig. 3, and an overflow plate 26 is contained in the recess 24, so that block spout hole 20 it be cannot see.When being in the position of Fig. 3, overflow plate or cover 26 recessed a little end walls 14.Recess or recess 24 extend to overflow plate below 26 a little, go it is pulled outwardly so that the people can reach his finger under the free end of overflow plate 26, and water can overflow (shown in the arrow among Fig. 3) at any time through spout hole 20.
Overflow plate 26 is preferably made two.Outer part 28 is metal preferably, can have with and the water tap of bathtub 10 adapteds and the corresponding incrustation of incrustation of other equipment.It generally has smooth external surface, this surface is concordant with the remainder of casing wall 14 and make the profile of vertical casing wall 14 complete when plate 26 is closed, thereby provides one to make the people who has a bath can cosily lean against top smooth, continuous surface substantially.
Internals 30 are the polymeric material of mold pressing (for example a kind of plastics) preferably.Internals 30 edge thereon have a groove 32(to see Fig. 6), and outer part 28 has a raised line that matches 34.For an outer part 28 is contained on the internals 30, make the bottom 36 of outer part encase the lower edge of internals 30 earlier, the raised line 34 on outer then part 28 tops puts in place at 32 li fastenings of groove of internals 30.
Internals 30 comprise the mold pressing arm 38 of an integral body, and individual hole 39 is arranged above, and it can be connected to overflow plate 26 and is used for controlling on the connecting rod of discharging valve 40.Internals 30 also comprise one group of folding hole 42 near its upper limb.
Fixture 44 edge thereon has the folding hole 46 that matches.Link pin 48 is connected to overflow plate 26 on the fixture 44 by folding hole 42,46, so overflow plate 26 can rotate with respect to cylinder 10 on the axle of level substantially this first.So overflow plate 26 is installed on the cylinder 10 in the top movingly, and a lower end is freely arranged.Be noted that ectosome 28 extend just over folding hole 42,46 so that block them.
Fixture 44 only draws one by among two screw 50(Fig. 5) be fixed on the end wall 14 of cylinder 10, this screw is fastened on the fixture 44 and the extension 52 that discharges water on the end wall 14 of cylinder.Hole 54 and the spout hole on the casing wall 14 20 that screw 50 extends through on the fixture 44 screw in the screwed hole 56 of the extension 52 that discharges water.Discharging water clips a pad 58 between the external surface of extension 52 and casing wall 14, so that the sealing that discharges water between extension 52 and the casing wall 14 is provided.
Make overflow plate 26 connecting rod following (seeing Fig. 5 and Fig. 6) as the joystick of discharging valve: Y shape connecting rod 60 becomes the arm 38 of integral body on point 39 places are articulated in internals 30 with overflow plate 26.At its other end, connecting rod 60 is articulated in rocking arm 62 at point 61 places.Rocking arm 62 is linked in fixture 44 at point 64 places, so that rocking arm 62 rotates around fixed point (or second axle of level) substantially 64.Spring 66 is contained on the inner segment of rocking arm 62, two as between the packing ring 68,70 of block.
Packing ring 70 is supported on the whole extension 72 from fixture 44, and this extension extends through the end wall 14 of cylinder.Extension 72 has upper and lower cam surface 74,76, and they are used for determining two positions of overflow plate (or joystick of valve) 26.
When overflow plate 26 was in as Fig. 3 and fastening position shown in Figure 6, pad 70 leaned against on the epirelief wheel face 74.When overflow plate 26 rotates counterclockwise (unlatching), downward cam surface 76 motions of pad 70 beginnings.Along with rocking arm rotates counterclockwise, pad 70 motion, up to it till the some place balance between first and second cam surfaces 74,76.Cross the equilbrium position when moving a little when rocking arm 62, spring 66 is jumped into following cam surface 76 packing ring 70 and is contacted, and overflow plate (joystick 26 of valve) is sprung into open position position as shown in Figure 4.When the joystick 26 of shut off valve, spring 66 plays similarly effect, packing ring 70 is jumped into epirelief wheel face 74 when the equilbrium position is crossed in its motion contacted.
Rocking arm 62 is articulated in vertical connecting rod (or actuator) 78 in its inner end, and the length of this connecting rod is adjusted arm 80 by means of one and adjusted.The lower end of adjusting arm 80 spring 82 of ining succession.Discharging valve 40 is articulated in a lever assembly 86 at point 84 places, and this lever assembly rocks back and forth around fulcrum 88.Assembly 86 can 85 bend inwards around point, makes it can 18 installings through the dewatering orifice, but it can not outwards bend, and therefore makes it be subjected to the downward masterpiece time spent can do lever motion rigidly at two ends.
When overflow plate 26 was in fastening position shown in Figure 3, spring 66 was pressed on the epirelief wheel face 74 packing ring 70, improved the free end 90 that lower spring 82 leaves lever 86.The gravity that acts on lever 86 right sections falls the right of lever, closes discharging valve 40.When overflow plate 26 is lifted to the enable possition, spring 66 is pressed on second cam surface 76 packing ring 70, reduction spring 82 arrives and contacts with the free end 90 of lever 86, and from the additional force of spring 82 lever 86 is rotated counterclockwise around fulcrum 88, thereby opens discharging valve 40.
Be noted that especially that in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 when overflow plate 26 was in the closed position, it was concordant with the inner surface of vertical bathtub wall 14, thereby provide the people who has a bath cosily to lean against top smooth, a continuous surface substantially.The recess 24 of end wall 14 makes the overflow plate 26 can recessed casing wall, thereby this smooth, concordant surface is provided.
For installing discharging valve device on cylinder 10, internals 30 are connected on the fixture 44 by means of link pin 48. Adjutage extension 102 and 52 is connected on their holes 18,20 separately.With screw thread extension 102 is connected on the flange part 104 that forms dewatering orifice 18.With screw the extension 52 that discharges water is connected on the fixture 44, as described above, this moment, setter extended through the hole 51 on the internals 30 to screwdriver so that reach screw 50.Then, vertically connecting rod 78 and adjustment arm and spring 82 are fitted together.The leg 105 of connecting rod 78 was inserted the groove 106 of adjusting arm 82 and insert in the last hole 108 of nut 110, screw 112 is fastened on nut 110 on the position of hope of adjustment arm 80 by being screwed into down hole 114 then.
Spring 66 and packing ring 68,70 are contained on the rocking arm 62, and with cottor pin 69 holding positions.Vertical connecting rod 78 is hung over the end of rocking arm 62, and mobile connecting rod 78 together with adjusting below arm 80 and the groove 71 of spring 82 on fixture 44, pass spout hole 20, and put down through adjutage extension 52.By before the fixture 44, a pin 65 is passed hole 64 on the rocking arm 62 at rocking arm 62.This pin 65 enters the level trough 67 on the fixture 44, and when packing ring 70 contacts with one of cam surface 74,76, and the groove 67 of pin 65 on the fixture 44 is contained in rocking arm 62 on the fixture 44 whereby.Then outer part 28 is contained on the internals 30 of handle arm 26 as mentioned above.Then, lever assembly is connected on the discharging valve 40, and after free end 90 enters by dewatering orifice 18 earlier, is screwed into the position.Each of lever assembly section bends inwards mutually so that by the elbow 100 in the pipe 102.
When overflow with when discharging water Control Component such as above-mentioned installing, the people who has a bath can control discharging valve as long as rotate overflow plate up and down.When discharging valve cut out, the people who has a bath has can lean against top smooth, a continuous surface substantially.
Obviously, can change and not depart from the scope of the present invention above-mentioned most preferred embodiment. For example, plate can rotate on its lateral margin or around another axle (rather than on top). In addition, the concrete kind of used handle or other controls can change.

Claims (11)

1, a kind of bathtub drain valve control, it comprises a vertical substantially bathtub wall that the spout hole that is communicated with sagging adjutage is arranged on it; The bathtub base plate that the dewatering orifice that is communicated with above-mentioned adjutage is arranged on it; One is used for the discharging valve of opening and closing through the connected state of above-mentioned dewatering orifice; One is contained on the above-mentioned vertical substantially bathtub wall so that block the overflow cover of above-mentioned spout hole substantially, it is characterized in that above-mentioned overflow cover can move and a smooth exterior surface face is basically arranged between the opening and closing position, on above-mentioned fastening position, above-mentioned overflow cover is concordant with above-mentioned vertical bathtub wall substantially so that comply with the profile of wall, thereby provides the people who has a bath can cosily lean against a top surface; And a connecting rod that connects above-mentioned overflow cover and above-mentioned discharging valve, close above-mentioned discharging valve when making above-mentioned overflow cover move to fastening position so that open above-mentioned discharging valve when making above-mentioned overflow cover move to the enable possition.
2, bathtub drain valve control as claimed in claim 1 it is characterized in that above-mentioned vertical substantially bathtub wall has a recess around above-mentioned spout hole, and above-mentioned overflow cover is in its fastening position is recessed on above-mentioned wall.
3, bathtub drain valve control as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that above-mentioned overflow plate is rotatably mounted in the top and a lower end freely arranged.
4, bathtub drain valve control as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that when above-mentioned overflow cover is in the closed position, above-mentioned recess extends to below the above-mentioned lower end of above-mentioned overflow cover a little, so that make water can along above-mentioned recess by and arrive above-mentioned spout hole at any time, and people's finger can be reached under the above-mentioned free lower end of above-mentioned overflow cover so that above-mentioned lid is moved on to its enable possition.
5, a kind of being suitable for is installed on the bath side walls through the spout hole on the sidewall, and is suitable for being connected to the control device that discharges water on the discharging valve actuator that is placed on above-mentioned sidewall back and is characterised in that a lid that is suitable for covering at least the part of above-mentioned spout hole; Be used for above-mentioned lid is contained in radial type linkage on the above-mentioned sidewall, then on being installed in sidewall the time lid can be on one first bearing pin towards or deviate from above-mentioned sidewall and rotate; Be suitable for being connected to a handle on the above-mentioned discharging valve actuator, so the manipulation of above-mentioned handle drives above-mentioned actuator; One second bearing pin that above-mentioned handle rotates thereon; And be used for lid is connected to the linkage of above-mentioned handle, with above-mentioned the lid when on above-mentioned first bearing pin, rotating of box lunch handle is rotated on second bearing pin.
6, device as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that being stamped a smooth basically antetheca.
7, device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that linkage is connected to the rear portion of lid on the handle.
8,, it is characterized in that the substantially horizontal and rear portion of linkage between handle and lid of second bearing pin as claim 5,6 or 7 described devices.
9,, it is characterized in that the part of handle is extended to the back of second bearing pin as each described device of claim 5-8.
10, as each described device of claim 5-9, it is characterized in that first bearing pin is substantially horizontal.
11,, it is characterized in that first bearing pin forms along the top of lid, so that lid can upwards outwards shake from above-mentioned casing wall as each described device of claim 5-10.
CN198787104805A 1986-07-14 1987-07-14 Bathtub discharge water control valve and overflow plate Pending CN87104805A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US88505586A 1986-07-14 1986-07-14
US885,055 1986-07-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN87104805A true CN87104805A (en) 1988-07-20

Family

ID=25386027

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN198787104805A Pending CN87104805A (en) 1986-07-14 1987-07-14 Bathtub discharge water control valve and overflow plate

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0395121A3 (en)
JP (2) JPS6360333A (en)
KR (1) KR930003898B1 (en)
CN (1) CN87104805A (en)
BR (1) BR8703589A (en)
CA (1) CA1312177C (en)
DE (1) DE3772893D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2025598T3 (en)
MX (1) MX169234B (en)
PH (1) PH24582A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102535597A (en) * 2010-12-10 2012-07-04 苏州科逸住宅设备股份有限公司 Bath overflow drainage device
CN105814263A (en) * 2014-07-11 2016-07-27 株式会社日本阿尔法 Drain plug device
CN110616779A (en) * 2019-09-02 2019-12-27 合肥高丽今生实业有限公司 Bathtub overflow drainage connecting device of integral bathroom
CN110685333A (en) * 2019-11-01 2020-01-14 台州新三和卫浴股份有限公司 Bathtub drainer

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02255928A (en) * 1989-01-25 1990-10-16 Yokogawa Medical Syst Ltd Addressing device
JPH0714455Y2 (en) * 1989-02-08 1995-04-10 株式会社イナックス Bathtub with pop-up drain plug
WO1996032044A1 (en) * 1995-04-11 1996-10-17 Wes Wastes Limited Remotely operated plug
KR100789716B1 (en) * 2006-05-18 2008-01-02 삼성물산 주식회사 Apparatus for opening and shutting drainage pipe of a bathtub
JP4565453B2 (en) * 2006-08-07 2010-10-20 株式会社日本アルファ Remote control drain plug device
EP2071086A1 (en) * 2007-06-23 2009-06-17 Norbert Scherer Drainage and overflow device
JP5493068B2 (en) * 2008-09-26 2014-05-14 丸一株式会社 Drain tap remote control structure
JP5074347B2 (en) * 2008-10-28 2012-11-14 株式会社東京メニックス Water supply / drainage device for pet tank
JP6550237B2 (en) * 2015-02-10 2019-07-24 Toto株式会社 Operating device and mounting method thereof

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US2191453A (en) * 1940-02-27 Washbasin-
BE565304A (en) *
FR991239A (en) * 1949-05-12 1951-10-03 Porcher Ets Combined device for overflow grid and sanitary appliance emptying control
US2580575A (en) * 1949-05-26 1952-01-01 Southern Equipment Company Drain valve for sinks and the like
US2832081A (en) * 1954-05-11 1958-04-29 Stephen A Young Waste control face plate assembly
US3656188A (en) * 1970-06-19 1972-04-18 Globe Valve Corp Externally adjustable bathtub wire system and means for and method of externally adjusting same
US4089230A (en) * 1976-07-22 1978-05-16 Zin-Plas Corporation Waste and overflow plate assembly
DE3501080A1 (en) * 1984-01-20 1985-08-14 Harvey E. Studio City Calif. Diamond BATHTUB OR THE LIKE

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102535597A (en) * 2010-12-10 2012-07-04 苏州科逸住宅设备股份有限公司 Bath overflow drainage device
CN105814263A (en) * 2014-07-11 2016-07-27 株式会社日本阿尔法 Drain plug device
CN105814263B (en) * 2014-07-11 2017-06-20 株式会社日本阿尔法 Apparatus of drainge spigot
CN110616779A (en) * 2019-09-02 2019-12-27 合肥高丽今生实业有限公司 Bathtub overflow drainage connecting device of integral bathroom
CN110685333A (en) * 2019-11-01 2020-01-14 台州新三和卫浴股份有限公司 Bathtub drainer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR880001893A (en) 1988-04-27
EP0254938A2 (en) 1988-02-03
KR930003898B1 (en) 1993-05-15
BR8703589A (en) 1988-03-22
ES2025598T3 (en) 1992-04-01
CA1312177C (en) 1993-01-05
JPH04357222A (en) 1992-12-10
PH24582A (en) 1990-08-17
JPH0562174B2 (en) 1993-09-07
JPS6360333A (en) 1988-03-16
EP0254938B1 (en) 1991-09-11
DE3772893D1 (en) 1991-10-17
JPH0625426B2 (en) 1994-04-06
MX169234B (en) 1993-06-25
EP0395121A3 (en) 1992-09-02
EP0254938A3 (en) 1988-06-15
EP0395121A2 (en) 1990-10-31

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