CN87101781A - 制造成型物品的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种由空气气流铺设的纤维层制成的模制成型物品,这种纤维层既可用热塑性材料来浸渍也可含有热塑性结合纤维。纤维层在通气模中被制成所需形状的模制成型物品并加热到足以使热塑材料定形的程度。如这种物品被用作流体过滤器,且不要求各部分密度有所变化的话,将其从模具中取出就可使用,也可将其进一步在压缩模中压缩以使该物品的一部分密度增加。如这种物品将被用作结构复合物的预制件,则再将其送到树脂喷注模中.
Description
本发明涉及一种制造诸如成型的流体过滤器或用于结构复合物的预成型件之类的具有一个相对疏松有孔结构的物品的方法。
流体过滤器通常是由摺裥式的纸张制成的,这种过滤器必须由筛滤网,中心管,端罩等加以支撑,这样在将它们组合起来时就要化费相当大的工作量。因此,人们希望通过全自动工艺来制作过滤器。这一点看来只有在过滤器是由无纺材料模型成型时才有可能办到。所以,本发明披露了一种由无纺的,空气气流铺设材料来制作模型成型物品的工艺。这种物品可以被用作流体过滤器。可以对这种过滤器的若干部分进行模制,从而改变过滤材料的密度。可以将这种过滤器某些部分制成对流动的流体来说是无渗透性的区域从而将其作为该过滤器的密封部分。
根据本发明制成的模型成型的物品还可以被用作为制作结构复合物的预成型件。对于由空气气流铺设的无纺纤维层来制作复合材料的完整探讨可参考专利由请号为780-85-015的相关待批美国专利申请。然而,在上述申请中披露的工艺中,在用适当的树脂结合料浸渍预成型件之前必须用模具将纤维层制成预成型件。而本发明所披露的方法正是可以用来制作这类预成型件的。
因此,就披露一种用于由空气气流铺设无纺纤维层来制作模型成型物品的方法而言,本发明具有超过先有技术的优点。这种模型成型物品可以具有很多用途,包括可以用作为流体过滤器或结构复合物的预成型件。
结合参考相应的附图,通过下述描述将会使本发明的上述和其它特征变得更加明显,其中:
图1 是示意性地描述一种空气气流无纺纤维层制作机的横剖面图;
图2 是传输线的示意图,该传输线在把由图2中所示的制作机制成的纤维层从制作机中移出时用来传送这种纤维层;
图3 是用来表示成型模(阴模)的横剖面示意图,这种成型模用来将由图1中的制作机制成的纤维层模制成预制件的形状;
图4 是用来表示压制模(阳模)的横剖面示意图;
图5 是由图1至图4的工艺制作而成的物品的透视图。
现在参见图1,参考数学[10]用来概括性地表示空气气流铺设无纺纤维层制作机,这种制作机属于专利号为3,918,126的美国专利中加以一般性地描述的制作机的类型。这种制作机[10]是由参考数字[12]概括性地表示的送料机构和参考数字[14]概括性地表示的纤维层制作机构构成的。
送料机构[12]包括一个护罩[16],护罩[16]把一个相当大的用来接收即将被用来制作网层物或纤维层的纤维的漏斗[18]罩起来。当然这种纤维在被放到漏斗[18]之前必须先以通常的方法加以疏松和混合,这种纤维混合物包括诸如卷曲或不卷曲的玻璃纤维之类的人造纤维结构纤维,石墨纤维和/或高强度聚酯。如果纤维层不用热塑材料进行树脂浸渍的话,则还要包括热塑纤维。在最佳实施例中,漏斗[18]中的纤维是由52.5%的卷曲玻璃纤维(可以采用欧文斯-考宁owens-corning玻璃纤维公司的产品),17.5%的康拜特compet
聚酯纤维可以采用阿兰德(Alliel公司的产品)和30%的诸如维尼纶Vinyon
之类的热塑结合纤维(可以采用赛林纳Celeanese公司的产品)。聚酯纤维可采用达克珞Dacron
(可以采用杜拜公司的产品)或柯达Kodel
(可以采用伊斯特门柯达克Eastmen Kodak公司的产品)。这种经混合的纤维由参考数字[20]表示。传送带[22]安装在位于漏斗[18]中的滚动轴[24]上,滚动轴由适当的动力源(图中未示出)带动并按照箭头所示的方向转动以便使纤维移到图1右侧的用参考数字[26]概括性地表示的提升带上。提升带[26]安装在位于漏斗中的滚动轴[28]上并具有从提升带向外延伸的细长尖状物[30],滚动轴由动力源驱动从而把纤维移到图1中的上侧。剥落带[32]具有尖状物[34]并缠绕在滚动轴[36]的周围,滚动轴[36]也是由动力源驱动的。动力源[38]操纵一风扇[40],风扇[40]使空气流过在剥落带[32]和护罩[16]的上壁之间的通道[42],气流的方向通常是沿着箭头A的方向。经过通道[42]的流量经测定的气流。将预定数量纤维[20]从提升带[26]上除去。剩余的纤维经过提升带[26]和与之对应的护罩[16]的壁之间的通道[46]返回漏斗。流量受到控制的气流按箭头A所示的方向迫使纤维进入通道[44],该通道在提升带[26]的上部边缘和与之对应的护罩[16]的壁之间。
接着,纤维由经过通道[42]和通道[44]的空气流集聚成纤维层。该空气进入一圆筒状的多孔集棉筛滤网[48],该筛滤网由适当的动力源(图中未示出)驱动沿箭头B的方向转动。气流通过由参考数字[50]概括性地表示的通道管输送回空气压缩机[40]。旋转筛滤网[48]与送料滚动轴[52]合起来将纤维层毛坯[47]压紧,送料滚动轴[52]则与滚筒[54]一起将纤维层毛坯向前移至用参考数字[14]概括性地表示的纤维层制作机构。接着通过由参考数字[62]概括性地表示的旋转刺辊将纤维从安装在护罩[60]上的尖棒[58]上刷掉,该护罩构成纤维层制作机构[14]的一部分。刺辊具有尖状物或齿状物[64]的齿状表面,齿状物分布在刺辊[62]的整个宽度及圆周上。刺辊[62]由动力驱动以便按照箭头C所示的方向旋转。
通过由刺辊[62]的旋转速度产生的离心力以及鼓风机[66]提供的气流将纤维从刺辊[62]上剥去。鼓风机[66]提供的空气吹到护罩[60]的腔室[68]中,空气经过通道[70]的引导后进入闸刀[74]和刺辊[62]之间的通道[62]。将混合的纤维从刺辊上移去后再由空气流从通道[75]传送到一个多孔传送机上,该传送机是由参考数字[76]概括性地加以表示的。鼓风机[66]的入口是与由护罩[60]中的腔室[77]相连的,而护罩[60]则经过多孔传送机[76]与输送管[75]相连通。多孔传送机[76]包括一个安装在滚动轴[80]上的多孔传送带[78],滚动轴[80]按照箭头D所示的方向带动传送带。因为传送带是多孔的并允许气流经过,所以鼓风机[66]能够使空气经过通道[72],通道[74],腔室[77]和[68]以及通道[70]循环流动。从而,把纤维从刺辊剥去和吹过通道[74]后再聚集在多孔传送带[78]的部位[82]上以便制成一种无纺的纤维层。因为多孔传送带[78]是由滚动轴[80]带动旋转的,所以纤维层最终是从被通道[74]所复盖的这部分退出。
可以按照通常的方法对刺辊[62]的旋转速度和由鼓风机[66]鼓入的空气量加以调整,从而调节纤维层制作机[10]制成的纤维层物的重量。尽管可以采用重量比较轻的纤维层,但是本发明认为最好采用重量比较重的纤维层,例如最好采用每平方码为4盎司或再重一些的纤维层,这是因为这种重量的纤维层为按照下文所描述的方法制作结构复合物提供了足量的纤维增强。另外一点也很重要,即这种构成纤维层的纤维由于是在被吹过通道[74]时随机地排列的,所以它们必须具有足够的长度以便相互之间可以多次交叉,从而可以使纤维之间具有相互吸收力以便每一根纤维都能把其它的纤维保持在适当的位置。最好采用长度至少为一英寸的纤维,因为试验表明,这种长度的纤维在纤维层中和其它的纤维啮合的次数平均为三次,这样就可以与其它纤维多次啮合,而这一点正是制成为人们所需要的纤维层所必需的。也可以采用长度较短的纤维,当然,这种纤维与其它纤维啮合的次数要少一些,从而所提供的纤维层的整体性也就差一些。
正如上面所讨论的,本发明的一个重要特征是由这样生产的纤维层所制成的结构复合物在所有的三度空间上都是牢固的,这种牢度是由被用来制作复合物的纤维所具有的增强作用提供的。所以由制作机[10]制成的无纺纤维层将具有整个三度空间中都是任意排列的纤维,这是因为纤维的任意排列是空气气流制作工艺的必然结果。然而,已经证明,排列在纤维层深度方向上的纤维所占的比例随穿过通道[74]的气流的方向而有很大的变化。该方向是由闸刀[74]和刺辊[62]之间的间隔来控制的。闸刀[74]安装在一个偏心位置以便使其相对于刺辊[62]的位置是可调整的,从而使通道[72]的宽度也是可调的。一般来说,闸刀[74]与刺辊[62]隔开一定的间隔,以便使经过通过[72]的气流具有按箭头D所示的方向沿着通道的形状流动的趋势。尽管在这个方向上,由空气气流法制成的纤维层中有一些纤维的排列方向是在纤维层深度方向上,但是大多数纤维是沿着纤维层的长度和宽度方向排列的。然而,已经发现;通过使闸刀[74]更接近刺辑[62]和将鼓风机[66]作适当的调整,可以产生使气流沿着箭头E的方向偏转的喷管作用。已发现按照这种方式制成的纤维层具有大约30%的,排列方向是在纤维层的深度方向上的纤维成份。这就是说,由这种用30%的纤维排列在纤维层的深度方向上的纤维层制成的复合材料在整个三度空间中将都具有几乎相同的强度。
我们已经通过送料机构[12]对制作机[10]作了描述。然而,送料机构[12]的目的是为了产生用于纤维层制作机构[14]的纤维层毛坯[46],本技术领域的熟炼的技术人员都知道,这种纤维层毛坯也可以由罗拉粗梳机和交叉铺网机制作,交叉铺网机对于大批量生产也许更有效。另外,纤维层也可以由清棉机制作。这种机械对于短期的小批量生产也许更有效。
纤维层从传送带[78]传送到邻近的传送机[84],传送机[84]包括一个按箭头F所示的方向由动力驱动围绕滚动轴[88]转动的多孔皮带[86]。这种纤维层可以浸渍树脂而不用结合纤维或者除了采用结合纤维之外,还把适当的泡沫树脂灌到漏斗[90]中并使这些树脂经过喷咀[92]分布到正在传送带或传送机[86]上运行的纤维层上。因为传送带[86]是多孔的,能将泡沫挤压到纤维层中以便能经过真空拨出器[94]在纤维层的下部提供一个真空而使纤维层中的泡沫达到饱和。过量的泡沫被拉到真空拨出器[94]中并被循环地重新返回到漏斗[90]中。接着再由传送带[86]使纤维层穿过烘箱[96],烘箱的温度被加热到正好超过200°F,烘箱能使纤维层充分加热从而使纤维层更加稳定并使其便予加工处理。为此,这种纤维层被加热到这样一种温度,该温度可使这种加在纤维层中的热塑性结合纤维或树脂软化但不融化,结合纤维或树脂的融化温度都在250°F左右。正如上面所描述的,烘箱[96]的目的在于使纤维层更加稳定以便在加工时不致于使其破裂开来。如果,由于所采用的纤维可以使纤维层不易于裂开的话,也可以不使用烘箱。
成型物品是在成型模中制成的。在图3中成型模是由参考数字[98]概括性地加以表示的。这种模子[98]最好是通常的通气模和包括一个可透气的滤筛网[100],这种滤筛冈[100]的外形制成将被模制的预制件的形状。把一部分纤维层放到滤筛冈[100]上。这种模子的模盖[102]盖在这种模子的模体[104]上,一个不透气的密封件在模体和模盖之间起密封作用。风扇[106]使空气沿着箭头X的方向循环流动从而使纤维层由于受到强制通过的气流的作用而形成滤筛网[100](成型模)的形状。尽管一般地说是可以采用空气,但在特定的用途中,也可以采用空气以外气体。这种经过模具循环的气体由燃烧器[108]加热到足以使热塑性的结合材料(施加到纤维层中的结合纤维或材脂)融化的温度,从而使这种纤维层在滤筛网[100]的能保持其形状的模型内融化。
当然,这种纤维层的强度将与纤维层中采用的结合纤维和/或热塑性树脂的比例有关。较高比例的结合纤维将产生强度较高的物品。然而,较高比例的结合材料也可能使纤维层收缩过度或引起不希望有的纤维层收缩。人们还希望,在制作这种纤维层时,不要将其压得过紧,特别是当这种物品准备用作流体过滤器时更是如此,因为在流体过滤器中,有必要使这种纤维层保留可渗透性,以使流动流体从中流过时所受到的阻碍降到最低程度,与此同时又要将混杂在流体中的微粒截住。如果这种物品被用作为结构复合物的预制件,尽可能的使这种纤维层保留一定的浚透性以便使树脂能方便地传送到纤维层中去,这样做是符合人们的愿望的。尽管与图3中所示的通气模不相同的模子,诸如通常的压力型模具也可使用,但必须十分小心的是:这种纤维层不要被过分压缩,当然在对这种纤维层加力时以使其具有成型模的复杂形状的过程中,略有压缩总是难免的。
然后,将这种模压成型的物品从成型模[98]中移出。作为一种例子,如果这种物品将被用作为流体过滤器而不必具有不同的密度的话,那么在将这种物品从模具中取出时就可以使用了。然而,如果这种流体过滤器将具有一部分的密度大于另一部分的密度的特性话,那么就必须将其送到图4中用参考数字[110]表示的压缩模上。压缩模[110]具有成型部分[112]和[114],这两部分用来作为向至少一部分纤维层提供压缩压力,例如用参考数字[116]所示的周边部分。人们还希望能把纤维层加热到足以使纤维层中的热塑纤维和/或热塑材料融化的温度。如果采用上述维尼纶Vingon
纤维作为结合材料的话,把模具部分[112]加热到大约200°F的温度就足够了(最好在这种模具中增加一个电阻加热器[119]),该温度是维尼纶Vingon
融化的温度。因此,当对物品的一部分[116]加压时,这部分就被压紧,
从而能阻止流动流体从中流过。现在接着来参考图5,由参考数字[118]所示的流体过滤器具有一圆周形的法兰部分[120],这部分对于流动流体基本上是不可渗透的,因此在把过滤器[116]装到一个适当的空气除尘装置中去时它被用作密封圈。通过在图中[120]处所示的液压传动装置把压力施加到模具部分[112]上。
如果模制成型的物品将被用作为预制件和纤维增强的复合物时,就把这种预制件传送到树脂喷射模中,这一点就象在上文中所述的专利申请(780-85-015)中所描述的那样。接着对这种预制件注射适当的树脂结合剂和进行压制以制成最终的产品,这样就是能如同上文所述的专利申请那样来增加模压成型的复合物品中的纤维密度。
虽然本发明是结合采用人造纤维来制作空气气流铺设无纺纤维层而加以描述的,但是也可以采用别的纤维以及与剪断的人造纤维不同的其他形式的纤维。作为一种例子,也可以采用连续短亚麻细丝和按照专利号为4,514,880的美国专利中所描述的方法进行加工和混合。因此,本发明并不局限在上述说明中加以描述的例子和实例,而仅仅是由下列权利要求书所揭示的范围来加以限定。
Claims (9)
1、制作模制成型的物品的方法,包括从结构纤维制作无纺的,由空气气流铺设的纤维层的步骤,在该步骤中纤维被气流以随机的形式传送到集棉装置[78]上以形成一种无纺的纤维层,这种纤维层的大部分纤维在三度空间的每一个方向上都具有互相交连作用,本发明的特征在于,上述方法包括一个把热塑性的结合材料添加到纤维层中的步骤和在把纤维层加热到使结合材料部分地融化时对这种纤维层进行模型成型的步骤以便把纤维层制成一种可以成形的物品,上述纤维层的成型过程是在不使纤维层被十分压紧的情况下实现的。
2、据权利要求1所述的制作模制成型的物品的方法,其特征在于,上述添加热塑性的结合材料的步骤是通过将结构纤维与热塑性的结合纤维混合并把上述纤维混合物传送到上述集棉机上来实现的。
3、据权利要求1所述的制作模制成型的物品的方法,其特征在于,上述添加热塑性的结合材料的步骤是在纤维层被铺设后把热塑性混合物加到纤维层上去的。
4、据权利要求1所述的制作模制成型的物品的方法,其特征在于,在纤维层成型之前把它加热到一个较低的温度以便使纤维层稳定从而在对纤维层加工时使其不被撕裂,然后在把纤维层制作成模制成型的物品时再把纤维层加热到足以使结合材料部分融化的温度。
5、据权利要求1所述的制作模制成型的物品的方法,其特征在于,通过采用驱使气体穿过这种纤维层的方法将纤维层制成模制成型的物品。
6、据权利要求1所述的制作模制成型的物品的方法,其特征在于,通过把纤维层安放到一个可透过气体的具有所希望的形状的部件[100]上并使气体透过纤维层和可透过气体的部件[100]从而使其具有可透过气体的部件[100]的形状来将纤维层制成模制成型的物品。
7、据权利要求5所述的制作模制成型的物品的方法,其特征在于,在模制期间通过对流过纤维层的气体加热的方法对纤维层加热。
8、据权利要求1所述的制作模制成型的物品的方法,其特征在于,将传送上述纤维的空气气流的方向相对于传送带的方向作调节从而对分布在纤维层的深度方向上的纤维的比例进行控制。
9、据权利要求1所述的制作模制成型的物品的方法,其特征在于,将上述纤维层在成型模中模制成一个预制件的形状,然后再把该预制件传送到另一个模具中模制成最终的形状。
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-
1986
- 1986-05-02 US US06/858,785 patent/US4812283A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1987
- 1987-02-06 IN IN91/DEL/87A patent/IN168795B/en unknown
- 1987-02-06 EP EP87101626A patent/EP0248141A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-02-13 CA CA529649A patent/CA1273465C/en not_active Expired
- 1987-02-26 AU AU69300/87A patent/AU586071B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-03-02 CN CN87101781A patent/CN1009014B/zh not_active Expired
- 1987-04-28 BR BR8702050A patent/BR8702050A/pt unknown
- 1987-05-01 JP JP62108783A patent/JPS62268862A/ja active Pending
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CN100420785C (zh) * | 2002-12-26 | 2008-09-24 | 施建钍 | 一种化学短纤维垫芯的制造方法 |
CN103282094A (zh) * | 2010-11-01 | 2013-09-04 | 荷兰联合利华有限公司 | 制造附有沉积物过滤器的过滤块的方法 |
CN103282094B (zh) * | 2010-11-01 | 2016-01-06 | 荷兰联合利华有限公司 | 制造附有沉积物过滤器的过滤块的方法 |
CN106182560A (zh) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 宁波伯乐智能装备有限公司 | 一种预模压注塑机 |
CN106182560B (zh) * | 2016-07-25 | 2019-09-27 | 宁波双马机械工业有限公司 | 一种预模压注塑机 |
CN106087136A (zh) * | 2016-08-15 | 2016-11-09 | 河南新濮丰棉机科技有限公司 | 无网被制作装置及制备方法 |
CN106087252A (zh) * | 2016-08-16 | 2016-11-09 | 常熟万龙机械有限公司 | 一种两次成型的薄网气流成网设备 |
CN109162025A (zh) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-08 | 山东泰鹏环保材料股份有限公司 | 一种双轧机二次成型过滤用梯度结构pet熔喷无纺布的制备方法及应用 |
CN109162025B (zh) * | 2018-10-30 | 2021-09-28 | 山东泰鹏环保材料股份有限公司 | 一种双轧机二次成型过滤用梯度结构pet熔喷无纺布的制备方法及应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1273465A (en) | 1990-09-04 |
EP0248141A2 (en) | 1987-12-09 |
US4812283A (en) | 1989-03-14 |
IN168795B (zh) | 1991-06-08 |
AU6930087A (en) | 1987-11-05 |
CN1009014B (zh) | 1990-08-01 |
JPS62268862A (ja) | 1987-11-21 |
CA1273465C (en) | 1990-09-04 |
EP0248141A3 (en) | 1988-07-27 |
BR8702050A (pt) | 1988-02-09 |
AU586071B2 (en) | 1989-06-29 |
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