CN87100830A - 两个塑料构件的偶联方法 - Google Patents

两个塑料构件的偶联方法 Download PDF

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CN87100830A
CN87100830A CN87100830.0A CN87100830A CN87100830A CN 87100830 A CN87100830 A CN 87100830A CN 87100830 A CN87100830 A CN 87100830A CN 87100830 A CN87100830 A CN 87100830A
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plastic tube
shape spare
annular groove
valve
coupling
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CN1008203B (zh
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京免纯辅
坂口真幸
梶原秀贵
松本圭司
西谷宪三
川村喜纪
石原胜郎
田中政一
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Kubota Corp
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Kubota Corp
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Publication of CN87100830A publication Critical patent/CN87100830A/zh
Publication of CN1008203B publication Critical patent/CN1008203B/zh
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B21/00Means for preventing relative axial movement of a pin, spigot, shaft or the like and a member surrounding it; Stud-and-socket releasable fastenings
    • F16B21/06Releasable fastening devices with snap-action
    • F16B21/07Releasable fastening devices with snap-action in which the socket has a resilient part
    • F16B21/071Releasable fastening devices with snap-action in which the socket has a resilient part the socket being integrally formed with a component to be fasted, e.g. a sheet, plate or strip
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K3/00Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/58Snap connection
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1222Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/122Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/124Tongue and groove joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/131Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B29C66/1312Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B29C66/612Making circumferential joints
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/02Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of lift valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/02Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of lift valves
    • F16K27/0236Diaphragm cut-off apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/04Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of sliding valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1282Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment
    • B29C66/12821Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment comprising at least two overlap joint-segments
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1284Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5224Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/52241Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2200/00Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass
    • F16B2200/10Details of socket shapes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49405Valve or choke making
    • Y10T29/49412Valve or choke making with assembly, disassembly or composite article making
    • Y10T29/49416Valve or choke making with assembly, disassembly or composite article making with material shaping or cutting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49863Assembling or joining with prestressing of part
    • Y10T29/49865Assembling or joining with prestressing of part by temperature differential [e.g., shrink fit]

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Abstract

分别设有环形突起与环形沟槽的两个塑料管状件,作为通过本方法直接偶联起组成阀门或接头装置的两个单元构件。对具有环形沟槽之偶联端部,建立起数值关系的临界条件,使通过弹性动力学意义下的径向扩展运动与轴向弹性运动的变形过程能加以控制,而将此环形沟槽与环形突起嵌合,此时的上述具环形沟槽之偶联端部已通过加热软化成弹性体。该方法可以获得很高的偶联精度,且有很高的嵌接强度与耐久性。

Description

本发明涉及将两个塑料管状件偶联,以组成阀门、接头与管道装置一类机械部件的方法。这两个塑料管状件上分别有环状突起部分或者环状沟槽,通过在此环状突起部分与环状沟槽间的嵌接而直接偶联,同时,将围绕此环形沟槽的一个部分通过加热完全软化成弹性体,这样就能产生很高的偶联精度、大的结合力与耐久性。
在组装隔膜系统阀门时,是将图9A中的螺栓F或图9B与9C中的筒形螺钉G用于两个塑料构件上。在组装一闸阀时,用图10A中的螺栓F、图10B中的筒形螺钉G以及图10C中的联接圈R,将一些管状件组装成一阀门与一操作机构。在上述的任一种情形中,组装的费用较高,而偶联的部件将因粗厚的结构而增强,从而使这种偶联部件在局部应力的作用下发生裂纹。这是因为,此种塑料构件中的刚度过高,以至在局部上因损失柔性而产生裂纹。
本发明之目的在于提供一种方法,将两个塑料管状件偶联组装成机械部件,由此构成各式阀门、接头与管道装置。
本发明之目的在于提供一种方法,将分别设在两个塑料管状件上的环形突起部分与环形沟槽直接偶联,从而使这类构件不需使用许多螺孔与螺栓、带大量螺距的筒形螺钉或金属的联结圈。
本发明之目的在于提出一些有数值关系的临界条件,用来控制两个塑料管状件在管状件的软化弹性状态下偶联过程中的变形运动,使此环形突起部分与环形沟槽通过它们之间的直接嵌合而直接偶联。
本发明之目的在于提供一种控制此直接偶联过程中变形运动的方法,使这种过程控制能使绕该环形沟槽的部分,能随着此环形突起部分的插入运动,按弹性动力学原则沿径向作扩展运动而顺轴向作弹性运动,从而获得很高的偶联精度。
本发明之目的在于提供一种使此两个塑料构件直接偶联的方法,并在建立起成功地完成这种偶联过程的条件同时,也建立起能使直接偶联部件具有高精度、高结合力与高度耐久性的条件。
本发明之目的在于提供一种方法,将一些塑料部件偶联,用来组装成闸型阀、隔膜系阀与联合型接头一类管道器件,并根据各种使用目的使其分别成为紧配合、永久性配合或松配合等。
图1以截面图示明用本发明方法组装的一种闸阀;
图2A、2B和2C以截面图示明将本发明方法用于图1中的偶联过程;
图3以部分截面图表明在上述偶联过程开始时的两个构件;
图4与5分别表示异于图3的其它例子;
图6A、6B、6C、6D与6E以部分截面图表明,在前述环形沟槽的周围部分上以数值关系显示的临界条件。
图7A以截面图示明据本发明之方法组装的隔膜系统阀门;
图7B与7C以部分截面图分别表明此偶联过程的中间与最后状态;
图8A与8B分别表示异于图7A的其它例子;
图9A、9B与9C表明传统的隔膜阀组合件;
图10A、10B与10C表明传统的闸阀组合件。
在本发明的方法中,参看图6A-6E,当上面形成有环形沟槽12的阴塑料管状件5被一上面形成有环形突起9的阳塑料管状件8插入,而且是沿轴向插入以使此沟槽与突起部分偶联和嵌合时,在径向上的扩展运动与轴向上的弹性运动,将同时发生弹性动力学意义下的有效平衡。当一种变形运动即使是被弹性地推动,但当它不能加以控制时,参看图6D与6E,就会在绕此种环形沟槽的部分上发生挤坏现象,而使此偶联过程以失败告终。
内表面上形成有环形沟槽12的阴管状件5之开口端10,在其轴向厚度C、沟槽壁厚B与沟深A之间,有如下的数值关系的临界条件:
3A≥B> 1/2 A与5A≥C≥ 1/2 A,而最好是
2A≥B> 1/2 A与2A≥C≥A
在以上临界条件之外,无法使弹性变形运动受到控制,使此径向扩展运动与轴向弹性运动平衡,从而将如图6D或6E所示,挤坏该阴管状件的开口端10。虽此轴向弹性运动一般发生于环形沟槽12的轴向壁部上,同时这一运动会有力地推迫开口端10,从而会随着前述突起部分的插入而引起径向的扩展,直到此环形突起部分9落入环形沟槽12中。
当开口端10的轴向厚度C比沟深A的厚度薄时,此开口端10就会破碎在环形沟槽12内。
沟深A与突起部分9的轴向厚度要相当,在这里作为一个标准关系。即使是上述厚度C变得比沟深A的厚度大到二倍、三倍、……五倍(最好高达五倍),只要这种弹性动力学运动在进行变形控制时能使径向与轴向的作用平衡,就能防止那种挤坏现象。
沟深A与突起部分9的轴向厚度是依据所需的结合力事先确定出的,而设计此开口端与环形沟槽12的实际尺寸时则是根据它们的临界条件来确定的。当此沟槽的壁厚B大于沟深A的1/2时,就可起到变形控制作用。当它等于或小于沟深A的1/2时,就会发生图6C、6D与6E中所示的挤碎变形。这就是说,即令此沟槽边缘保持正常,但其壁部将收缩而阻止突起部分9进入沟槽。
因加热而处于弹性状态的塑料管状件5的弹性变形运动,在上述临界条件下使径向扩张运动与轴向弹性运动平衡,不会引起喇叭状变形。看上去有如此突起部分9“挤过”该开口端的圆筒形壁,即似乎该突起部分9所在的圆筒形壁部象吞进一蛇状件而扩张开,且此圆柱形壁部象是在连续地吞进此突起部分9。
上述这样一种连续变形运动是由于该沟槽壁B的弹性力作用在轴向上所致。可以肯定,此沟槽壁B是不会朝后弯曲的。突起部分9的变成一偶联面的面X1,无空隙地与环形沟槽12的上壁面X1配合,且使件8的下端面X2与部件5处于下端的一个接合面之间而无空隙。这样的偶联精度在部件5的轴向长度为10cm时,空隙不超过0.5mm。
当此环形沟槽的空间断面不是前述的矩形而为V形沟槽时,可通过将此开口端向外弯成喇叭形来进行变形控制。只要这种沟槽有一矩形的轴向面时,是很难通过弯曲变形来控制这种偶联过程的。
图6A表明了当A∶B∶C=1∶1∶1时的偶联结果。图6B表明了A∶B∶C=1∶1∶1/2时的偶联结果。以上这样的偶联都是完全正确的。图6C表明A∶B∶C=1∶1∶1/3时的偶联结果,此时在环形沟槽的上壁部上产生变形失常部D2。图6D表明A∶B∶C=1∶1/2∶1时的偶联,此时在沟壁上产生收缩部D3。当厚度B大于沟深A的1/2时,即可防止这种“收缩”。图6E是A∶B∶C=1∶1/2∶1/2的偶联,此时变形控制不起作用。自然,还存在着其它使这种弹性动力学运动不平衡的因素,但是,上述成比例关系的临界条件则能成功地控制此偶联过程。
环形沟槽12的径向壁厚B之上限可给定为相当于沟深A的三倍。此时虽可以获得弹性运动式的控制,但沟深却不足与所用塑料管状件匹配。这样,为了获得良好的结合力并得到弹性运动控制,上述厚度B最好限制为2A≥B> 1/2 A。
开口端10的轴向厚度C限制为5A≥C≥1/2A,而最好是2A≥C≥A。这是由于当开口端10太大,使轴向厚度C大于沟深A的五倍时,便难以进行热控制了。在2A≥C≥A时,可以获得最可靠的控制。此外,将开口端10至环形沟槽12所在位置的轴向距离,限制为不超过该管状件直径的两倍,而最好是与此直径相同。由于这种限制,就能在该偶联过程中有效地维持热控制,使弹性运动在径向与轴向上平衡。
图1是由本发明之方法制得的合成树脂闸阀的截面图。在图1中,2为一阀室,3为一阀盖,4为一外周缘上有阳螺纹4a的阀杆,5为一阀门,而6为安装在阀门5上的密封件,且在此阀门5中有按本发明方法装配成的与阀杆4之阳螺纹4a结合的旋转体8。而收缩闭合件则分别为阀门5与支承阀杆的旋转体8。
图2A-2C以放大的截面图表明,据本发明将前述旋转体8组装到阀门5内的过程中,按时间顺序出现的各主要部件。在图2A中,5是有注塑成型的聚氯乙烯树脂阴部件的阀门,而在此开口端10的内表面上形成有环形沟槽12,在其开口边缘的内周边上则有一倒棱的斜面15。同时,作为一阳部件的旋转体8,由注射成型的聚氯乙烯树脂件8b固定在金属阴螺纹的刻削件8a的外周面上,而环形突起部分9形成在此旋转体8的外周面上,倒棱斜面14则形成在突起部分9的外周边上。
在旋转体8下端18的外周上设有一些供偶联用的凹部16、16……,而在阀门5之偶联部件11的内周下端上则有与以上凹部相对应供偶联用的凸部17、17……。
在将旋转体8插入并组装于阀门5中时,使阀门5的开口端10加热至120~150℃并软化至类似橡胶的弹性状态。加热时采用周知的方法,例如将此开口端10插入一加热器,使从此开口端起至环形沟槽12一段都呈软化状态。从开口端的面20至环形沟槽12的深部要求均匀加热。然后,当将旋转体8依箭头方向从阀门5的开口端推入时,该环形突起部分9的倒棱斜面14触及阀门5的外开口端的倒棱斜面15,使此开口端10的半径在如图2B所示的类似橡胶弹性状态下增大。当依箭头方向继续插入此旋转体8时,突起部分9即落入环形沟槽12内,而用来连接旋转体8的凹部16、16…即与用来连接阀门5的凸部17、17……偶联,同时,旋转体8的下端18接触到阀门5的壁部19,使推入过程完结。此时,阀门5的开口端10处于图2C所示的类似橡胶状态下,而由注射成型时调节的收缩内应力即释放出来,产生一小的收缩变形,同时,旋转体8在推入状态下组装于阀门5之开口端10与壁部之间,而无空隙。这样便获得了高的装配精度。
在实施本发明时,于类似橡胶状态下将阳部件插入开口端中所进行的变形控制是很重要的一点,而这一点已对照图6A至6E作了详细解释。
图3是本实施例中阀门5之开口端10与旋转体8之突起部分9的放大部分之截面图。这里,如以前所述,倒棱斜面15是形成在开口端10的内周边上,而倒棱斜面14则形成在突起部分9的外周边上,各倒棱斜面的相应角度θ1、θ2均取20°。开口端10之开口端面20至沟槽12的径向距离C、沟槽12的沟深A以及此沟槽壁厚B三者的关系,给定为:3A≥B> 1/2 A与5A≥C≥ 1/2 A;以及2A≥B> 1/2 A与2A≥C≥A,而以上部件正是按这种关系构成的。在上述关系下将旋转体8插入阀门5中,由于能相对于处在类似橡胶弹性状态下的开口端10进行有利的变形控制,故能获得高度精确的直接偶联。在开口端10内周面上形成沟槽12会使开口端10变得较薄一些,这将使挤碎变形与弯曲变形加剧。但是,当着从此开口端面20至沟槽12的轴向距离C、沟槽12的深度A以及此沟底壁厚B三者,具有关系3A≥B> 1/2 A与5A≥C≥ 1/2 A,而更好是2A≥B> 1/2 A与2A≥C≥A时,就能限制上述的挤碎变形与弯曲变形。通过所形成的倒棱斜面,相对于开口端10的变形控制就能因此时推力的分力而变得平稳,而这种变形力有一部分分力朝外去推动径向的扩展运动。
图4与图5是另一实施例中开口端10与突起部分9二者之主要部件放大的示意图。在图4中,倒棱斜面15只形成在开口端10的内周边上,而在突起部分9的外周边上则未形成倒棱斜面,在图5中,倒棱斜面14是形成在突起部分9的外周边上,而开口端10的内周边上则未形成有倒棱斜面。与图3相类似,关系:3A≥B> 1/2 A与5A≥C≥ 1/2 A,而更好是2A≥B≥ 1/2 A与2A≥C≥A,可以满意地用于图4与图5中开口端10所需要的变形。
图4与5之例子中的倒棱斜面之角度θ1、θ2应为45°或较小,以便增大朝外的分力,使径向运动变得平稳,而防止挤碎变形。
如上所述,已给出了将本发明之方法应用于闸阀的阀体之例子,但本发明却不必局限于这一例子。这就是说,假如一阴部件的开口端至少是由聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯一类热塑树脂制成,而它们具有使这一部件加热而软化成类似橡胶弹性状态时,就可以应用本发明,而且不仅能应用于闸阀的阀体,还可组装成各种型式的部件,此外,对于所插入的阳部件,甚至可以不论其材料与形状如何。代替此种环形突起部分与环形沟槽,也可在阴部件的内周面上形成许多沟槽,同时在阳部件的外周面上形成许多突起部分。
除此之外,阴部件的开口端形状也不必局限于圆筒形,即使是六角形或八角形的,本发明都可同样适用。
图7A-7C中的截面图表明本发明的另一种阀门的组装过程。用来连接管道的旋塞74a、74b形成在阀体71的下部,而在其上部则形成有一个圆筒形的阴部件83。同时有一内周面侧的环形偶联件84a突出在此阴部件83的内周面上,以构成一环形沟槽。阳部件79呈环状形成在一上盖72的下部,而一凹槽形的外周侧上的环形偶联件84b则形成的阳部件79的外周上,以构成一种对合的突起形式。在阳部件79的端部上形成有一对面侧的环形偶联件85,嵌合到形成在一隔膜周边上凹槽形的环形偶联件81上。此隔膜76最外周边上的密封圈86插入到阳部件79的外周沟槽82内,而此隔膜外周边配置成能将阳部件79的端部裹入其中。
当上盖72与隔膜76偶联后,它们按图中点划线箭头所示方向组合到阀门体71中,但是在这样的条件下,阳部件79与阴部件83的嵌合阻力如以前所述是太大了,因而不能很好地偶联,于是将阴部件83的开口端加热至120~150℃,软化成类似橡胶的弹性状态。这种加热是用周知的方法将此开口端插入一加热器中进行的,在此要求从阴部件的开口端面90至环形沟槽83的深处均匀加热。
同时将润滑剂加入到此隔膜的外周88上。润滑剂的种类不限,但一般用液态的硅油或粉煤。由摩擦阻力大的橡胶所形成的隔膜,它与摩擦阻力随加热而增大的阴部件83的内周面的摩擦系数,可因使用润滑剂而得到改善。
在处理被加热而软化成类似橡胶弹性状态的合成树脂时,在偶联工序中控制此橡胶态的弹性是极难的。在开发本发明之前这方面的许许多多失败,都是由于未有阳部件的突起部分插入到阴部偶联件的沟槽内而造成的。阴部件沟槽的毁坏看来是由未能有控制地使硬的突起部分与橡胶弹性状态的沟槽相匹配而导致,于是,此沟槽与突起部分的理想的直接偶联。应取决于如何相对于类似橡胶的弹性状态的沟槽来控制变形运动。上述的临界条件就能实现为获得高精度偶联所需的变形控制。
图7B示明了上盖72与隔膜76之偶联部件按前述条件开始推入阴部件83时的状况,与隔膜外周面88所接触的内周面侧的环形偶联件84a,将沿周缘方向以径向扩展形式推入。在这里把高达45°的倒棱斜面应用于阴部件开口端与阳部件突起部分,从而促进了平稳的偶联。当在阳部件79顶端侧上的隔膜面到达阴部件83的密封部89时,就完成了阻部件83与阳部件79的偶联,而此沿径向扩张之阴部件83的端部,即依据形状记忆效应而立即恢复到其原始形状,同时阳部件外周侧的偶联件84b与阴部件内周面侧的环形偶联件84a,即如图7C所示相匹配地偶联起来。尚若此阴部件的沟槽深度A、偶联的壁厚B与突缘厚度C三者的关系为B≤ 1/2 A与C< 1/2 A,则此阴部件突缘将不会充分地回复到它的原有形状,而形成不规则的径向扩展现象。只要这种偶联过程被控制在前述临界条件之内,则隔膜76的外周边肯定会接触并夹持在阳部件79与阴部件83之间。

Claims (6)

1、将两个塑料构件偶联在一起组装成一机械装置的方法,包括:
在阳塑料管将件上设置一环形突起部分,用于插入一或多个机械部件的步骤。
在阴塑料管状件上设置一环形沟槽,其形状与上述环形突起部分相对应,用以形成一种嵌合联接的步骤;
当上述一或多个机械部件插入后,至少在从此阴塑料管状件开口端至该环形沟槽一段范围内,加热和软化此阴塑料管状件使成为弹性体的步骤;
通过将上述开口端扩张到该环形沟槽,将此阳塑料管状件强制性插入该阴塑料管状件中,而使环形突起部分与环形沟槽嵌联的步骤,其特征是,环形沟槽的径向深度A、此环形沟槽周围的径向壁厚B以及该开口端的轴向厚度C,此三者具有以下范围所示的关系:3A≥B> 1/2 A与5A≥C≥ 1/2 A。
2、权利要求1所述的一种方法,其特征是,上述关系处于以下范围:2A≥B> 1/2 A与2A≥C≥A。
3、权利要求1与2所述的一种方法,其特征是阴塑料管状件支承一阀门,而此阳塑料管状件支承一阀门操作机构。
4、权利要求1与2所述的一种方法,其特征是:阴塑料管状件支承一阀门操作机构,而此阳塑料管状件支承一阀门。
5、权利要求1与2所述的一种方法,其特征是阴塑料管状件为一阀门室,而该阳塑料管状件支承一隔膜。
6、权利要求1与2所述的一种方法,其特征是阳塑料管状件是一隔膜装置的阀室,而阴塑料管状件是一阀盖,在此将该隔膜固定于这一阳塑料管状件与阴塑料管状件之间。
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KR900004458B1 (ko) 1990-06-28
EP0234835B1 (en) 1989-12-20
EP0234835A3 (en) 1987-11-11
KR870008139A (ko) 1987-09-24
EP0234835A2 (en) 1987-09-02
US4845819A (en) 1989-07-11
CN1008203B (zh) 1990-05-30

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