CN86103198A - The manufacture method of multicomponent full-functional double-effect manure - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is to be raw material with the residual body of plant or animal etc., through heating and pressurizing hydrolysis in inorganic acid aqueous solution, and neutralization, drying and other steps and make the method for the new-type fertilizer-multicomponent full-functional double-effect manure that has organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer advantage concurrently.Method of the present invention is simple, and raw material sources are extensively abundant, are convenient to gather materials on the spot, produce and use.The inventive method is different fully with the measure method of present multicomponent chemical fertilizers production, has opened up a new way on fertiliser production.

Description

The manufacture method of multicomponent full-functional double-effect manure

The invention belongs to a kind of manufacture method of multicomponent fertilizer, specifically is exactly the residual body with plant or animal, or in order to they be the goods of material as raw material, make the method for fertilizer through chemical process.

Various nutritive substances comprehensively and isostatic fertilizer is the basic substance that improves crop yield and quality.In the necessary nutritive substance of present known farm crop, the effect of macroelement such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is well known, and the vital role that various trace nutrient rose that comprises miscellaneous trace element is also found more and more and is familiar with.As the fertilizer of direct extra-nutrition material mainly contain now chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer two classes (agriculture press: " and fertilizer handbook in May, 1979 first version, P22).Chemical fertilizer is the high-content readily avaiable fertilizer made from chemical process.For overcoming its composition dullness and the shortcoming that can not satisfy the comprehensive needs of farm crop, now by productive unit fertilizer to producing polynary mixing or compound manure (Chinese patent CN-85101008A), develop to the direction of producing trace element fertilizer by producing macroelement fertilizer.But because people also can all in depth understand the needed various nutritive substances of all plant growing processes far away at present to the limitation of organism essence understanding.This faces a difficult problem with regard to the production that makes present chemical fertilizer: even polynary mixing or compound manure, its composition is still very limited, can't produce the various requirement that can satisfy farm crop, containing all must nutritive substance, especially the fertilizer of trace nutrient that comprises the general equilibrium of numerous trace elements, also can't produce existing extensive applicability, again can be at the fertilizer of different areas soil and farm crop needs.Chemical fertilizer extensively and in large quantities uses day by day, but if rationally do not cooperate with organic fertilizer, not only side effect is many, and effect of increasing production is poor, even yield and quality is descended significantly or serious " degeneration " of improved seeds.By Li Bixi (Von liebig) law of minimum nourishment as can be known, nutritive substance is supplied with unreasonable and metabolism imbalance that cause is its major reason.On the other hand, constitute the various materials of all animal and plant bodies self, especially various trace elements and other micro substance, not only essential, and be comprehensively and isostatic that its overwhelming majority derives from soil directly or indirectly.Organic fertilizer is better than chemical fertilizer and the basic reason that is called as " complete manure " just is to comprise and makes the various nutritive substances that come from soil give back soil again in the multiple organism as fertilizer sources source of the waste of various organisms.But present organic fertilizer fertilizer efficiency is slow, manufacture method generally is to decompose through microbial fermentation, cycle is long, be difficult for industrial production, remove and decompose not exclusively, many materials still can't be for outside farm crop utilize, and many objective and artificial factor also can make fertilizer efficiency reduce greatly, and failing to give full play of the whole of fertilizer should have effect.

Task of the present invention is the problem that exists in the above-mentioned fertiliser production for solving, and a kind of manufacture method of producing new-type fertilizer-multicomponent full-functional double-effect manure is provided, and opens up a new way on fertiliser production.

Manufacture method of the present invention, it is residual body with various plant and animals, especially a large amount of agricultural residues bodies, as root, stem, leaf, flower, shell, skin, hair, bone, angle etc., or be the goods of material with them, as waste and old scurf, leather shoes, cloth waste, silk etc. is raw material, in 3～12% inorganic acid aqueous solution, in 2～9kg/cm ²With hydrolysis under the 130-180 ℃ of condition 25～90 minutes.Used acid can be the mineral acid of using always, example hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid etc.Hydrolysate neutralizes with alkali.Used alkali can be the alkali that is easy to get commonly used, as ammoniacal liquor, and yellow soda ash, calcium hydroxide etc.The Optimum pH of general crop growth is pH5.5-7, so the neutral degree can be grasped flexibly according to the soda acid character of using soil and the different needs of various farm crop.Product after neutralization general method drying is shaped as method dry solidifications such as spraying dryings.

Practice shows, in manufacture method of the present invention, for well, it can make the hydrolysis of various raw materials all obtain better effect at aspects such as time, quality, outward appearances to the employed mineral acid of hydrolysis with sulfuric acid.

In the hydrolysate and the time, to use calcium hydroxide, for example liming is for well, and is cheap and easy to get because of it, easy to use, little to the detrimentally affect of soil.

The fertilizer that uses the inventive method to make, various nutritive substance compositions are many, but relative content is unfixing, depends primarily on the composition of employed raw material.Raw material type is many more, and various nutritive substances are just comprehensive more in the then mixed fertilizer, and content is also abundant more, and is balanced more.By each kind of plant, the various essential nutritive substance of from soil, being taken away in a large number by various farm crop particularly, especially various trace nutrients just can return soil to greatest extent, and it is recycled between soil and farm crop.Consequently at first satisfied the requirement of farm crop to various trace nutrients.For macroelement, especially nitrogen is that farm crop need in a large number, contains quantity not sufficient in the soil usually.Needs according to their content in the fertilizer of manufacturing and soil lack situation and farm crop can add certain unit or multiple elements chemical fertilizer targetedly, and one or more macroelement are adjusted and replenished, and make mixed fertilizer and use.This has just opened up a new way in fertilizer industry production, promptly based on the trace nutrient of general equilibrium, suitably be equipped with the macroelement chemical fertilizer.This is and the fundamental difference part of present multicomponent chemical fertilizers production method on starting point.Manufacture method is simple, and raw material sources are extensively abundant, and cost is low, is convenient to gather materials on the spot, produces and uses, and the fertilizer of manufacturing is with strong points, is suited to local conditions most, has improved the utilization coefficient of fertilizer greatly.Another advantage of the inventive method is an organic content height in the fertilizer of making, both reduced the natural loss of nutritive substance, also the life for microorganism provides good condition, this is the factor of improving the soil and soil really being full of vitality, be to make the long lasting major reason of fertilizer, also one of characteristics of organic fertilizer just.Be present in the intravital various nutritive substances of various biologies (for example extensively and in large quantities being present in the Mierocrystalline cellulose in the various plant residues) with various complex forms, all can change utilizable simple molecules into by the unavailable complicated molecule of farm crop preferably by method of the present invention, make fertilizer also have quick-acting undoubtedly.Thereby this fertilizer can be used as base manure, seed manure, variety of way such as topdress is used.Simultaneous test in sandy inclined to one side loam proves, uses nitrogen content and is respectively 4.5 kilograms/mu multicomponent full-functional double-effect manure and 6.9 kilograms/mu urea, and the two fertilizer efficiency time of occurrence is basic identical, and the former is longer 7 times more than than the latter but fertility is held time.It is a kind of new-type fertilizer that has the advantage and the performance of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer concurrently that the fertilizer of present method manufacturing is used in this explanation.

Can further specify manufacture method of the present invention by following examples:

With raw material 100 grams, inorganic acid aqueous solution 300 gram meters.With chopping of the raw materials such as residual body of animal and plant or abrasive dust, mix with inorganic acid aqueous solution, put into the autoclave that has whipping appts, be heated to the reactant boiling after, valve-off.Heating, pressurized hydrolysis.Hydrolysis finishes, and is cooled to below 80 ℃ and takes out hydrolyzate, is neutralized to pH5.5-7 with alkali.The neutralized reaction product spraying drying, or, promptly get solid particulate or Powdered multicomponent full-functional double-effect manure in oven dry below 70 ℃, yield is almost quantitative.Concrete data see the following form:

Claims (3)

1, a kind of manufacture method of multicomponent fertilizer is characterized in that the residual body with plant or animal, or is that the goods of material are raw material with them, in 3～12% inorganic acid aqueous solution, in 2～9kg/cm ²With under the 130-180 ℃ of condition hydrolysis 25-90 minute, hydrolysate neutralized with alkali, is dried to solid again.

2, manufacture method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that said mineral acid is a sulfuric acid.

3,, it is characterized in that said alkali is calcium hydroxide as claim 1,2 described manufacture method.