CN86102123A - 指示装置 - Google Patents

指示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN86102123A
CN86102123A CN86102123.1A CN86102123A CN86102123A CN 86102123 A CN86102123 A CN 86102123A CN 86102123 A CN86102123 A CN 86102123A CN 86102123 A CN86102123 A CN 86102123A
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parts
face
cutter
workpiece
indicator
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CN86102123.1A
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CN1013750B (zh
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阿克·康拉德森
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Industriverktyg AB
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Industriverktyg AB
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q16/00—Equipment for precise positioning of tool or work into particular locations not otherwise provided for
    • B23Q16/005—Equipment for measuring the contacting force or the distance before contacting between two members during the positioning operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
    • B23Q17/2233—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work for adjusting the tool relative to the workpiece
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/37—Measurements
    • G05B2219/37405—Contact detection between workpiece and tool, probe, feeler
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/21—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with signal, indicator, illuminator or optical means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/308624—Milling with limit means to aid in positioning of cutter bit or work [e.g., gauge, stop, etc.]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于确定装在机床上的工件表面与刀具之间距离的指示装置。此装置包含一个下半部件，以其底面放在工件的表面；及一个上半部件，其顶面与底面相平行，由于弹簧的作用，上半部件和下半部件有分开的趋势。顶面用于接触刀具，它与底面之间是绝缘的。在顶面和底面之间接有电路及其附件，这主要包括一个电源及指示器，二者间有导线连接，这样当顶面与底面之间由外部接通电路之时，指示器即作出显示。

Description

这项发明是有关一种用来确定装在机床上工件和刀具之间距离的指示装置。这种装置包含一个下半部件，其底面适应于安放在工件上，和一个上半部件，其顶面用来与刀具接触，上述顶面与下半部件的底面相平行，顶面可以向底面方向移动，但移动时须克服一个弹力，该装置还包含一个电源及一个指示器。
当使用一种机床加工工件时，（例如铣床、镗床、车床、刨床、牛头刨、钻床之类）常需精确地确定工件和刀具之间的距离。例如在铣床上经常因刀具钝化或尺寸不符而须卸下和更换刀具，以便继续加工。这就碰到一个问题：新刀换上之后须使其恰恰处在与旧刀相对工件的同样位置。
这个问题以前是以下述方式解决的：即在铣床上使新装的刀具转起来，缓慢地将它移向工件，当刀具刚刚接触工件时，将机床上的刻度盘重新调到零的位置。但如果工件的表面已有精密磨削或抛光的表面，或者是其他易于受损的情况，那就不可能使刀具转动着去触及这种表面。在此种情况下可用一片铜箔之类物品放在工件表面，而将刀具小心地与铜箔接触。调准铣床的刻度盘时还须将铜箔的厚度计算在内。当使用上述别的种类机床时也都必须运用这两种方法来确定工件和刀具之间的距离。
然而，上述两种方法是有缺点的，它耽误时间，浪费宝贵的机床工时，又易于损伤锋利的刀刃，（特别当刀具不转时）这样又须再换刀具，重复操作，而且又常冒着使工件表面产生无法修复损伤的风险。此外，这两种方法又不十分精确。
瑞典专利说明书125907号显示一种在一定间距内解定机床上刀具和工件间距离的装置。这种装置包含一个下半部件，这部分有一个用来安放到工件上的底面，和一个上半部件，其上有一平行于上述底面的顶面，这是用来与刀具相接触的。上半部件装有弹簧。此装置还包含一个电源和一个指示器。当上半部件受压靠拢下半部件时，指示器示出不同读数。这种装置用于在一定间距内确定刀具与工件之间的距离。此外，这种装置是由一系列不同部件构成的，这样当用于不同情况时，可以使它在不同的地位上作出显示。
为了解决上述这些问题，按照本发明现提出上述形式的一种装置，它的特征是其底面和顶面之间是电绝缘的，而其指示器和电源相连接，这样当顶面和底面之间的电路通过工件、机床和刀具而接通时，指示器即作出显示。
下文参照附图详细介绍本发明装置的一个实例。附图表示此装置的剖面。
如图所示，此装置包含其上半部件1，下半部件2，两者之间有可活动的弹簧3，由几个电池4构成的电源，由电灯5形成的指示器。上半部件2可分为部件6和部件7。部件6的上部是一个扁平的园盘8，其下部延伸出一个园筒形部分9。园筒形部分9的下端形成平面10，此平面与园盘8的顶面相平行。部件7紧贴平面10安装，它是由一个环形垫圈组成，此垫圈的剖面为矩形，内径必须与园筒部分9的内径相等，而其外径须大于园筒部分9的外径，这样就围绕圆筒部分9形成一个与园盘8的顶面相平行的肩状结构11。这种结构的功能将在下面加以说明。
下半部件2包含一个圆筒部件12和一个圆座13。两者之间装着一个中间垫圈14，其作用是将部件12和13之间绝缘，因此垫圈14最好以适用的塑料材料制成。部件12的外径必须与扁平园盘8的外径相同，而其内侧有两个不同直径，这两个直径的转变处形成另一个平行于园座13底面的肩状结构。这个结构的功能也将在下文介绍。园座13的直径须与园筒部件的12的外径接近或相同。园座13由绝缘的螺钉17与圆筒部件12安装到一起，两者之间又夹着一个绝缘垫圈14。
在此装置的上半部件和下半部件之间有一螺旋弹簧3，所施加的弹力是使1和2两部件分开，但这两部件是不能分开的，因为有两个肩状结构11和15相互抵住。肩状结构11的台面平行于圆盘8的顶面，又因肩状结构15亦平行于园座13的底面，所以顶面8和底面13也是平行的。当此装置不受外力作用时，上述顶和底两个面总是处在预定的距离。这一距离当然要依所用的不同组件的尺寸而定。
图中所示的螺旋弹簧也可以用其他弹性件来代替，例如弹性聚合物材料、空气垫、液压件之类。
图1示出实施例中的电池和电灯之间用电线连接，（图中央示出）这样，当上半部1和下半部13之间的电路经外部接通时，（如图中虚线16所示）电灯即点亮。
指示器5除可如图所示为白炽灯外，还可用发光二极管、蜂呜仪、一根引出电线、射线装置或其他。
以铣床为例，这种装置的通常用法如下：将装置的底面13放在工件（图中未示）上，此时有待确定刀具（例如用有柄铣刀）与工件的相对位置。将顶面8移动以与有柄铣刀相接触，此时底面13和顶面8之间的电路由工件、铣床及刀具所接通，电灯5点亮。当顶面与刀具经移动而接触时，如果工件和刀具之间的距离小于此装置在无负载时顶面与底面之间的距离，这并无妨碍，因为装置的顶面是可以在克服弹簧弹力的情况下向下压的，这样就消除了损伤刃具锐刃的危险。
在刀具与该装置的顶面相接触之后，使工件连同此装置与刀具离开。此时电路断开电灯熄灭。取电灯刚好熄灭时的那个位置，再加上本指示装置的厚度，这就是机床刻度盘上所需确定的读数。这样，不经刀具和工件直接接触就可以精确地调准刀具与工件的相对位置，从而免除了损伤工件的易损表面的风险。
这项发明当然不仅局限于上述的实施例，而是在下述权利要求的范围之内也可以有所变化。

Claims (4)

1、为确定装在机床上的工件和刀具之间的距离而用的指示装置，此装置包含一个下半部件(2)，其底面(13)适合于放在工件上，另有一个上半部件(1)，其顶面(8)是用于与刀具相接触的，上述顶面与下半部件的底面(13)相平行，顶面在克服弹力的条件下可向底面方向移动，还有电源(4)和指示器(5)，其特征是底面(13)与顶面(8)之间是绝缘的，而指示器(5)与电源(4)之间有电线连接，这样当顶面(8)和底面(13)之间的电路(16)通过工件、机床和刀具而接通时，指示器(5)就作出显示。
2、根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征是在无负载状态时其顶面（8）和底面（13）之间的距离是由上半部件和下半部件各自的抵接面（11、15）所固定的，因在这两部分之间的弹力作用下，这两个面被相互抵住。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其弹力是由螺旋弹簧（3）或空气垫、弹性聚合物材料之类所提供的。
4、根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的装置，其指示器可为发光二极管、白炽灯（5）、蜂呜器、射线装置、一根引出电线之类。
CN86102123A 1985-04-01 1986-03-31 指示装置 Expired CN1013750B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8501606A SE463857B (sv) 1985-04-01 1985-04-01 Indikeringsanordning
SE8501606-1 1985-04-01

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CN86102123A true CN86102123A (zh) 1986-11-05
CN1013750B CN1013750B (zh) 1991-09-04

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US (1) US4826370A (zh)
EP (1) EP0216890B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPS62502676A (zh)
CN (1) CN1013750B (zh)
AU (1) AU5667986A (zh)
CA (1) CA1270308A (zh)
SE (1) SE463857B (zh)
WO (1) WO1986005735A1 (zh)

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JPS62502676A (ja) 1987-10-15
CA1270308A (en) 1990-06-12
AU5667986A (en) 1986-10-23
SE8501606L (sv) 1986-11-24
SE463857B (sv) 1991-02-04
EP0216890A1 (en) 1987-04-08
CN1013750B (zh) 1991-09-04
WO1986005735A1 (en) 1986-10-09
SE8501606D0 (sv) 1985-04-01
US4826370A (en) 1989-05-02
EP0216890B1 (en) 1991-06-12

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