CN86100961A - 可热恢复制品的温度显示方法 - Google Patents
可热恢复制品的温度显示方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN86100961A CN86100961A CN86100961.4A CN86100961A CN86100961A CN 86100961 A CN86100961 A CN 86100961A CN 86100961 A CN86100961 A CN 86100961A CN 86100961 A CN86100961 A CN 86100961A
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- composition
- heat
- feature
- recoverable article
- zinc salt
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
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- B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
- B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
- B29C66/91218—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods using colour change, e.g. using separate colour indicators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7371—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
- B29C66/73715—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable heat-shrinkable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
- B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/12—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in colour, translucency or reflectance
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/913—Material designed to be responsive to temperature, light, moisture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Landscapes
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Abstract
一种用于确定可热恢复制品是否已达到足够温度的方法以及采用这一方法所得到的制品,所说的方法包括将一种含有氯化聚合物和锌盐的组合物涂敷于要加热的热恢复制品表面上。
Description
本发明是关于一种方法,这种方法用来确定可热恢复制品是否已经被加热达到足够温度以获得所期望的状态,即:收缩、热熔粘合剂流动等。更具体地说,这一方法采用一种锌基组合物涂敷于可热恢复制品的表面。
可热恢复制品或热活性制品广泛应用于各种不同的工业领域中,一般地说,它们是基于这样一种原理:这种制品当受热时就会收缩到予先确定的位置。这类制品的一个比较典型的应用领域是修复通讯电缆。将可热恢复制品置于电缆的适当位置上,然后加热使之围绕电缆收缩,从而保证了紧密配合防止潮气侵入。此外,一般地在这类制品的内表面上有可熔密封胶或热熔粘合剂,在收缩过程中,密封胶或粘合剂熔化流动从而帮助该制品与电缆密封与环境隔绝开。很明显,必须将可热恢复制品充分加热使之产生适当的收缩和密封胶流动,但又不能加热过度,否则会引起具有代表性的聚合的可热恢复材料降解。
因此,最好是有一种热致变色材料包含在可热恢复制品之中,当达到予定温度时,这种热致变色材料会发生颜色变化。
最初在市场上可以买到以无机化合物(一般是过渡金属化合物)为基料的热致变色颜料用于某些商业热活性制品上。例如,在美国专利No.4105583和No.4121011中公开了旨在减缓热活性基底材料降解的技术改进。但是,这些以过渡金属化合物为基础的材料已经导致产生某些问题,例如:热活性塑料基底在热转化时降解(可能是由于火焰的传播引起的);从视觉上难以觉察到热转化的发生;这些组合物对湿度的敏感性;可逆性趋势,即在热转化之后又恢复到原来形式的趋势;以及颜料在涂料组合物中分散性较差。
在美国专利No.4344909和英国专利申请No.2038478A及No.2077919A中,公开了一些据说熔化分解的有机化合物作为热活性制品使用的热致变色剂,热活性制品一般带有防止其浸出的粘结剂。此外,欧洲专利No.WO84/00608中公开了一个二组分的有机体系,其中在热活性制品的紫外线固化粘合剂体系中使用了一种着色剂和一种活性剂。据该文献报导,通过改变活化剂的数量,可以使转化温度发生类似地变化。
以这样的有机颜料为基料的热致变色剂也存在着上面所指出的许多问题,即:颜料的湿度敏感性/水可浸出性和(或)降解产物;颜料的难分散性;遮盖力较差,这是因为这类颜料的折射率比较低的缘故。此外,由于典型的颜料的初色是被绿色或兰色染料所遮蔽的灰白色,因此不能获得真正的由白变黑的转变。在某些情况下,最终转变成的颜色可能不是黑色而是棕色的,结果不能提供对于转化的最佳视觉显示。
有人指出,聚氯乙烯可以同多种金属盐在热处理过程中相互作用生成有色产物。在美国专利No.2772158、3107174、3155513、2789052、2789053和2772159中,公开了利用聚氯乙烯和氧化锌以及敏化添加剂(如银盐、重氮盐、酸等)一起进行热显象。
我们发现,氯化聚合物和锌盐的混合物作为一种可涂刷或可印刷的组合物而实际使用时,可以用作可热恢复制品的热致变色指示剂,其效果相当好。
在上述文献中提出了证据表明,聚氯乙烯和氧化锌的混合物当加热到其降解点时,就会生成一种有色的有机金属络合物。此外还知道,在低于这点的温度下,氧化锌可以起到聚氯乙烯的一种有效稳定剂的作用,相当于热分解过程中产生的氯化氢的清除剂。我们已发现,当该混合物被加热至其降解温度时,这两种效果结合起来就产生了由白变黑的急剧变化,从而对于在热活性制品中使用提供了理想的热致变色显示。
另外,我们还发现,使用这样的混合物作为温度显示剂时(也可以任意地含有粘合剂聚合物),消除了前面所指出的现有技术中热致变色材料的那些缺点。例如,其中不存在湿度敏感成分或水溶性成分。这种混合物与现有技术的无机热致变色材料不同,在初次获得颜色变化后静置时不会重新转变恢复到白颜色。凡是在使用氧化锌的地方,它都是纯白色的,其折射率高于现有技术的有机热致变色剂。在市场上可以买到提供良好分散性和遮盖力的最佳粒度的氧化锌。这种组合物在发生转化时转变成深黑色,从而在视觉上产生了最大的对比度。其转化温度对于许多种类型的可热恢复制品都是十分理想的。在这种组合物热转化时,几乎观察不到或者完全观察不到热活性基底材料降解。
本发明提供了一种方法,用来确定可热恢复制品是否已经达到适当的温度,这一方法包括将一种组合物涂敷于要加热的制品表面,所说的组合物包含有氯化聚合物和锌盐。可以采用各种方法涂敷这种组合物,包括:涂抹、喷涂和印刷,例如采用照相凹版印刷术或丝网遮蔽法,但不局限于这几种方法。
此外,本发明还直接涉及到采用上述方法进行处理后的可热恢复制品。
一般地说,在本发明中采用的热致变色体系包括一种含氯聚合物和一种锌盐的组合物。
含氯聚合物的例子包括:
聚氯乙烯、氯化聚氯乙烯、氯乙烯共聚物(例如氯乙烯/乙烯基乙酸酯共聚物和氯乙烯/1,1-二氯乙烯共聚物)、以及1,1-二氯乙烯。其中优先选用聚氯乙烯。
可用的锌盐是那些在热致变色过程中能够生成氯化锌的锌盐,举例来说,这样的锌盐包括氧化锌、氢氧化锌、氯化锌、硝酸锌等,其中优先选用氧化锌和氢氧化锌,因为它们的颜色是不透明的白颜色。
氯化聚合物与锌盐的比例(尤其是对于可涂敷的组合物来说)应当在大约1∶10与大约20∶1之间(按重量计算),其中优先选用约2∶1到约4∶1,最好是3∶1。例如,3份聚氯乙烯与1份氧化锌的混合物在250℃的温度下几秒钟之内就由白颜色转变成深黑色。
增加锌盐的数量实际上会开始掩盖所发生的颜色变化。反之,减少锌盐量则可能趋向于使最佳颜色变化减弱,也就是说,颜色变化可能成为由微红色变为黑色或深色。
在制备本方法中使用的适当的组合物时,可以将氯化聚合物或锌盐两者中任意一方或者将两者都溶解在适当的溶剂中,以一种粉末形式或以其混合物形式分散在溶剂中。事实上,出人意料地发现,作为优先选用的锌盐-氧化锌,不一定必须紧密地分散于优先选用的聚氯乙烯聚合物中。将两种材料混合在一起时,这两种材料粉末的干掺和产生可以看得出来的热致变色。这一发现提供了一种具有可喷涂粘度的高度不透明的白色涂料。由于两种组分都可以以分散状态而不是溶解状态应用,因而可以采用高的固体颗粒装料而不会出现过高的粘度。
除了锌盐和氯化聚合物,根据需要还可以包含其它组分,例如可以使用粘合剂,将粘合剂应用于可热恢复制品时它把几种颜料粘合在一起并为这一组合物提供韧性和耐久性。此外,粘合剂(借助于溶剂将粘合剂涂于基底材料上时)有助于将必要组分粘合到基底材料上,这里所说的粘合剂一般是能够成膜的聚合材料。
可以按组合物总重量的大约5%至大约90%使用粘合剂,优先选用的范围是大约10%至大约30%(重量)。
在本发明中,可以用作粘合剂的材料的例子包括:
氯磺化聚乙烯,在市场上可以按其商品名“Hypalon 30”从Dupont买到;
乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物,它的一个商品实例是Dupont生产的“Vamac”;
丙烯酸聚合物,如“Elvacite 2028”,在市场上可以从Dupont买到;
乙烯/乙烯基乙酸酯共聚物,其商品实例之一是Dupont生产的“Elvax”系列产品;
乙烯/乙烯基乙酸酯乳化液,它的一个实例是“Elvace”,市场上可以从Dupont买到;
苯乙烯/马来酸半酯共聚物,它的一个实例是“SMA 1440A”,市场上可以从大西洋富田公司(Arco Chemical)买到。
另外,根据需要还可以向这组合物中加入其它辅加颜料和染料。例如,为了增加组合物的不透明度可以加入最高达约15%(重量)浓度的二氧化钛;为了赋予组合物以初色可以添加染料如结晶紫(染料素引42555);为了赋予组合物以初色也可以类似地添加颜料如“Bonadur Red”,这种颜料可以从太阳化学公司(Sun Chemical Company)买到。
应用这一组合物时除了用涂抹和喷涂方法以外,还可以采用常规的印刷技术如丝网印刷法和照相凹版印刷术。在这种情况下,可以使用在这些印刷技术中通常采用的溶剂体系和添加剂。例如,采用照相凹版印刷时,体积比为60/40的二甲苯/二异丁基甲酮混合物是行之有效的。类似地,采用丝网印刷法时,体积比为75/25的烃类溶剂(商品名为“Penola 150”)/卡必醇乙酸酯的混合物是有效的,并且可以加入流动剂如硅氧烷溶液。
下面将通过非限制性的实施例对本发明作进一步详细地说明,在这些实施例中除非另有说明所有的份数都按重量计。
实施例1
在一个适当的混合容器中,放入24克聚氯乙烯粉末“Geon 138”(可以从B·F·Goodrich化学公司买到)、8.0克氧化锌和4.0克二氧化钛,然后在100毫升1,1,1-三氯乙烷中高剪切混合。向这一混合物中加入60克含10%(重量)“Hypalon 30”的三氯乙烷溶液,然后再加入40克含20%(重量)“SMA 1440A”的三氯乙烷溶液,“SMA 1440A”是一种粘合促进剂的商品名,可以从大西洋富田公司(Arco Chemical)买到。最后向这一混合物中加入75克三氯乙烷,使得该混合物具有大约50厘泊的可喷涂粘度。
将这个可喷涂的组合物装入一个普通的气动喷枪中,以喷雾方式涂敷于热缩制品的外表面,所说的热缩制品由一个直径4吋、长2呎、厚度为50密耳的黑色热活性聚乙烯管组成,这个管子可以恢复3X,即恢复到直径约1.3吋,在这个热缩制品的内表面上还含有呈螺旋状的直径为20密耳的普通热熔粘合剂。在将这一组合物涂敷于上述黑色管子的外表面上之后,经测定其粘合力是令人满意的。
把经过这样涂敷的管子套在一个直径2吋聚乙烯外套电缆外面,用喷灯加热直至白色的组合物变成黑色,实际上,与黑颜色的管子背景相对照,这一组合物已经变得几乎看不出来了。
然后将这样品冷却到室温,将其截断,结果表阻热熔粘合剂已充分熔化形成密封并与底层的电缆套粘接在一起。
另人惊异的是,这种热致变色组合物暴露于开放性火焰时并没有变成棕色,而是保持着白颜色直至最后发生热致变色转变成黑色。此外,经检验发现,热活性制品没有烧黑炭化或起凹点,而使用易燃的热致变色剂时这种情况是经常发生的。
按照类似方式将这种热致变色组合物涂敷到一个剖开型的可热恢复聚乙烯套管上,这种类型的套管在英国专利No.1155470中已经作了描述。按照如上面所述进行加热时,该组合物转变成黑色,经过结构检验,与上面所述同样地形成极好的粘接。
实施例2
向一个适当的混合容器中加入86克“Geon 138”、29克邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(供聚氯乙烯用的一种增塑剂和分散剂)、29克氧化锌和14克油酸(一种供氧化锌用的分散剂),然后将这一混合物进行高剪切混合,由此提供一稠膏作为结果产物。用145克异丙醇稀释这稠膏以提供表现良好稳定性的分散体。
将这个组合物再次涂敷于实施例1中所述的管子和套管上,进行了类似的测试,得到的结果与实施例1相似。
实施例3
按如下方式制备水基型本发明的热致变色组合物:
在一个适当的混合容器中放入40份“Elvace 1961”(一种乙烯/乙烯基乙酸酯含水乳化液的商品名,可以从Dupont化学公司买到)、24份“Geon 138”、8份氧化锌粉末、4份二氧化钛和100份水。
先用水稀释此乙烯/乙烯基乙酸酯乳化液,然后边有力地搅拌边加入聚氯乙烯和氧化锌粉末,这样得到了可以通过喷涂或涂抹方式应用的组合物。另外,可以采用使用这一组合物的印刷照相制版法。当长时间暴露于水时,这个组合物容易除去。
将这热致变色组合物涂敷于实施例1中所述的管子和套管上时,在粘合及底层的电缆套结合等方面获得了与实施例1相类似的结果。
实施例4
将12份“Hypalon 30”、88份体积比为60/40的二甲苯和二异丁基甲酮的混合物、30份“Geon 138”和15份氧化锌混合,制备照相凹版印刷用的印刷组合物。
用普通的照相凹版印刷技术将其涂敷于实施例1中所述的基底材料上,按照实施例1测试时,得到另人满意的结果。用二氧化钛取代5份氧化锌提供了一个更加不透明的印迹,并再一次得满意的测试结果。
实施例5
除了用75/25体积的“Penola 150”和卡必醇乙酸酯的混合物作为溶剂以及添加3份硅氧烷溶液这两点有所不同外,复制实施例4的组合物。将这些组合物涂敷于实施例1中的制品上进行测试得到满意的转化结果。
Claims (8)
1、一种用于确定可热恢复制品是否已经达到适当温度的方法,其特征在于将一种包含氯化聚合物和锌盐的组合物涂于所说制品的表面,然后将其加热。
2、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征还在于氯化聚合物与锌盐的重量比在大约1∶10与大约20∶1之间。
3、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征还在于所说的氯化聚合物是聚氯乙烯。
4、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征还在于所说的组合物还含有有效量的下列一种或多种物质:
所说组合物的粘接剂、溶剂、或着色剂。
5、一种依靠热的作用可以收缩的可热恢复制品,其特征在于在其要加热的表面上含有一种达到适当温度时能改变颜色的热致变色组合物,所说的组合物包含-氯化聚合物和-锌盐。
6、按照权利要求5所述的制品,其特征还在于所说的氯化聚合物与所说的锌盐的重量比在大约1∶10与大约20∶1之间。
7、按照权利要求5所述的制品,其特征还在于所说的氯化聚合物是聚氯乙烯。
8、按照权利要求5所述的制品,其特征还在于所说的组合物还含有有效量的下列一种或多种物质:
粘合剂、溶剂、或着色剂。
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CN100353463C (zh) * | 2005-11-17 | 2007-12-05 | 居学成 | 一种热敏变色绝缘制品 |
CN112534227A (zh) * | 2018-07-06 | 2021-03-19 | Seb公司 | 温度指示剂 |
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US9372177B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-06-21 | The Boeing Company | Method and system for detecting exposure of composites to high-temperature |
US9970833B2 (en) | 2014-04-23 | 2018-05-15 | The Boeing Company | Witness material and method for monitoring the environmental history of an object |
WO2018126352A1 (en) | 2017-01-04 | 2018-07-12 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Thermochromic polymer composition, electrical device, and corresponding use and processes |
EP3566237B1 (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2022-08-17 | ABB Schweiz AG | Temperature sensitive color changing electrical device |
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US2789053A (en) * | 1953-05-11 | 1957-04-16 | Ferro Corp | Photographic process using a light sensitive resin composition |
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- 1986-02-05 EP EP86300767A patent/EP0191593B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-02-05 DE DE8686300767T patent/DE3677392D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-02-05 CN CN86100961A patent/CN1029870C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-02-05 AT AT86300767T patent/ATE60837T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-02-10 KR KR1019860000891A patent/KR930006307B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-02-10 DK DK063886A patent/DK169353B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-02-10 JP JP61027759A patent/JPH0662009B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-02-11 TR TR79/86A patent/TR23004A/xx unknown
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100353463C (zh) * | 2005-11-17 | 2007-12-05 | 居学成 | 一种热敏变色绝缘制品 |
CN112534227A (zh) * | 2018-07-06 | 2021-03-19 | Seb公司 | 温度指示剂 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3677392D1 (de) | 1991-03-14 |
BR8600393A (pt) | 1986-10-14 |
AU5225186A (en) | 1986-08-14 |
HU205458B (en) | 1992-04-28 |
DK63886D0 (da) | 1986-02-10 |
NZ214833A (en) | 1989-04-26 |
EP0191593A2 (en) | 1986-08-20 |
ES8900258A1 (es) | 1989-05-01 |
ZA86221B (en) | 1987-08-26 |
ATE60837T1 (de) | 1991-02-15 |
CA1273863A (en) | 1990-09-11 |
KR860006693A (ko) | 1986-09-13 |
IN166982B (zh) | 1990-08-18 |
DK63886A (da) | 1986-08-12 |
EP0191593A3 (en) | 1987-12-02 |
DK169353B1 (da) | 1994-10-10 |
ES551044A0 (es) | 1989-05-01 |
KR930006307B1 (ko) | 1993-07-12 |
HUT43183A (en) | 1987-09-28 |
TR23004A (tr) | 1989-01-10 |
CN1029870C (zh) | 1995-09-27 |
AU574255B2 (en) | 1988-06-30 |
JPS61182984A (ja) | 1986-08-15 |
US4963415A (en) | 1990-10-16 |
JPH0662009B2 (ja) | 1994-08-17 |
EP0191593B1 (en) | 1991-02-06 |
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