CN86100093A - 行星齿轮型传动系统 - Google Patents

行星齿轮型传动系统 Download PDF

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CN86100093A
CN86100093A CN86100093.5A CN86100093A CN86100093A CN 86100093 A CN86100093 A CN 86100093A CN 86100093 A CN86100093 A CN 86100093A CN 86100093 A CN86100093 A CN 86100093A
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train
gear
speed
clutch
driving mechanism
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CN1004098B (zh
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前田不二雄
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Komatsu Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • F16H3/666Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another with compound planetary gear units, e.g. two intermeshing orbital gears
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/04Combinations of toothed gearings only
    • F16H37/042Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement
    • F16H37/046Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement with an additional planetary gear train, e.g. creep gear, overdrive
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0056Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising seven forward speeds
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2012Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with four sets of orbital gears
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2015Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with five sets of orbital gears

Abstract

在一有7挡前进速度和1挡倒车速度的行星齿轮型传动系统中,一高速挡轮系置于一低速挡轮系的输入一侧,低速挡轮系中一低速用旋转离合器结构上使得高速挡轮系中一齿环与高速挡轮系中一传动机构直接耦合,第1速度挡轮系置于第2速度挡轮系的输出一侧,第1速度挡轮系中一传动机构耦合于输出轴,第4速度挡轮系、第3速度挡轮系和一倒车挡轮系置于低速挡轮系和第2速度挡轮系之间。

Description

本发明系关于一种具有7档前进速度和1档后退速度的行星齿轮型传动系统(使用浸油型多离合园盘),该系统适用于自卸卡车等车辆。
到目前为止,作为用于中型自卸卡车的行星齿轮型传动系统,人们已经知道了如图7所示的有6档前进速度和1档后退速度的这种。然而,近几年来,问题已经明朗化了,作为此类行星齿轮型传动系统,7档前进速度和1档后退速度的传动系统最适于爬坡、加速等等。
本发明是根据上述当前技术水平情况做出的,它的一个目的是提供一种新颖的行星齿轮型传动系统。在该系统中,当低速档轮系中的低速旋转离合器启动时,不存在转矩回流,并且可使轴应力很小;在速度档间的档间比方面,可以提供接近理想值为1.35左右的等档间比;不但因内部传动特性好使得扭矩和转动变化很小从而具有高可靠性,而且系统变得很紧凑。
根据本发明,一种行星齿轮型传动系统是这样构成的:一高速档轮系H置于一低速档轮系L的输入一侧;在低速档轮系L中的低速旋转离合器7构造得使之直接将高速档轮系H中的环形齿轮20与高速档轮系中的传动机构13相啮合;第1速度档轮系1ST置于第2速度档轮系2ND的输出一侧,第4速度档轮系4TH、第3速度档轮系3RD和倒车档轮系R置于低速档轮系L和第2速度档轮系2ND之间。从而,第1档前进速度F1通过启动低速档轮系L中的低速用旋转离合器7和启动第1速度档轮系1ST中一旋转离合器来实现,第2档前进速度F2通过启动低速档轮系L中的低速用旋转离合器7和启动第2速度档轮系2ND中一固定离合器来实现,第3档前进速度F3通过启动高速档轮系H中一高速固定离合器和启动第2速度档轮系2ND中一旋转离合器来实现,第4档前进速度F4通过启动低速档轮系L中的低速用旋转离合器7和启动第3速度档轮系3RD中一固定离合器来实现,第5档前进速度F5通过启动高速度档轮系H中一高速用旋转离合器和启动第3速度档轮系3RD中的固定离合器来实现,第6档前进速度F6通过启动低速档轮系L中的低速用旋转离合器7和启动第4速度档轮系4TH中一旋转离合器来实现,第7档前进速度通过启动高速档轮系H中一高速用旋转离合器和启动第4速度档轮系4TH中的旋转离合器来实现,第1倒车速度R1通过启动低速档轮系L中的低速用旋转离合器7和启动倒车档轮系R中一倒车用旋转离合器来实现。
对于通晓技术的人,通过参看下面详尽的说明和相应的附图,本发明上述的及很多其它的优点、特点及本发明的别的目的是十分明显的。在这些附图中,通过图例表示了所推荐的体现本发明原则的结构实施例。
在附图中:
图1是说明一个推荐的本发明实施例的结构略图;
图2是为说明一推荐的本发明实施例的结构剖面图;
图3是使用现有技术的行星齿轮型传动系统中离合器布置的局部剖面图;
图4是使用现有技术的行星齿轮型传动系统中输出轴部分的纵向剖面图;
图5是使用现有技术的行星齿轮型传动系统中输入转动探测装置的侧视图;
图6是图5中的探测装置沿箭头Ⅵ的方向的端视图;
图7是为说明一使用现有技术的行星齿轮型传动系统结构的简图。
所推荐的实施例介绍
参看附图对本发明解释如下:传动箱1通过轴承4、5支承输入轴2、中间轴3和输出轴38,使三者沿公共轴线对准。在传动箱1中放置的有:高速档轮系H中一高速用固定离合器6,低速档轮系L中一低速用旋转离合器7,第4速度档轮系4TH中一旋转离合器8,第3速度档轮系3RD中一固定离合器9,倒车档轮系R中一倒车用离合器10,第2速度档轮系2ND中一固定离合器11,以及第1速度档轮系1ST中一固定离合器12。
第1传动机构13牢固在输入轴2上,在输入轴2上通过轴承4还支承有高速档轮系H中一齿轮15和第1中心齿轮16,并且齿轮15和16彼此牢固在一起。齿轮15与高速用固定离合器6中一园盘17咬合。
第1传动机构13与齿环18咬合。该齿环在低速档轮系L中低速用旋转离合器7的一内鼓轮21的侧面。在第1传动机构13上转动地支承着第1行星齿轮19,第1行星齿轮19与第1中心齿轮16咬合及与低速用旋转离合器7的外鼓轮22侧面的第1齿环20咬合。
低速用旋转离开器7的外鼓轮22牢固在中间轴3上,一园柱部分23形成于该外鼓轮22中,在园柱部分23中装有一活塞25,该活塞适于由一顶推盘24推动。环绕外鼓轮22的轮毂部分26牢固着一环27,通过一旋转密封环30环27与一孔29圆周表面滑动接触,该孔形成于传动箱1的一隔壁28中。在隔壁28中做出一油路31,通过环27中一油路32和外鼓轮22中一油路33油路31与园柱部分23的油室23连通。
在第4速度档轮系4TH中的旋转离合器8置于与低速用旋转离合器7对称的位置上,其中间置有上述的隔壁28。旋转离合器8的组成部分-一外鼓轮34,一园柱部分35,一活塞36,和一环37-分别与低速用旋转离合器7的相应部分22、23、25和27结构相同。
在中间轴3上装有第2、第3、第4和第5中心齿轮39、40、41和42,代号43表示一传动机构。传动机构43经过轴承44和47分别由旋转离合器8的外鼓轮34和中间轴3来支承,在传动机构43上旋转地支承着第2、第3和第4行星齿轮45、46和50,并在传动机构43上有一齿轮48。第2行星齿轮45与第2中心齿轮39和第3速度档轮系3RD中一齿环49咬合,第3行星齿轮46与倒车用固定离合器10中一齿环51咬合,第4行星齿轮50与第3中心齿轮40咬合,齿轮48与第2速度档轮系2ND中固定离合器11的一齿环52咬合。
在输出轴38上装有一传动机构53,第5行星齿轮54和第6行星齿轮55由传动机构53转动地支承,第5行星齿轮54与第2速度档轮系2ND中固定离合器11的一齿环55′以及第4中心齿轮41咬合,第6行星齿轮55与第5中心齿轮42咬合。
在上述输出轴38上通过齿条咬合放置一蜗轮56。该蜗轮56有两个插销a和b,插销a是用于输出轴38的,插销b是用于传动机构53轮毂部分的。
此外,一输出轴接装置58与输出轴38做成一体,使得能通过装配由两部分构成的调整垫39来实现定位。
代号60代表蜗杆。
一敏感盘61通过螺栓62牢固于上述的高速档轮系H中第1传动机构13的端面上。该敏感盘61外缘部分的切口部分63与高速用固定离合器6外圆周排成一线,与切口63相对的一拾感器64置入传动箱1中,并安在传动箱1的内圆周表面上。
现在就来介绍上述传动系统的操作。
在第1档前进速度F1的情况下,低速用旋转离合器7被启动,第1速度档轮系1ST中的固定离合器12被启动。通过第1传动机构13、低速用旋转离合器7、中间轴3、第5中心齿轮42、第6行星齿轮55和传动机构53,输入轴2的转矩传至输出轴38。
在第2档前进速度后的情况下,低速用旋转离合器7被启动,第2速度档轮系2ND中的压定离合器11被启动。通过第1传动机构13、低速用旋转离合器7、中间轴3、第4中心齿轮41、第5行星齿轮54和传动机构53,输入轴2的转矩传至输出轴38。
在第3档前进速度F3的情况下,高速用固定离合器6被启动,第2速度档轮系2ND中的固定离合器11被启动。通过第1传动机构13、第1行星齿轮19、低速用旋转离合器7的外鼓轮22、中间轴3、第4中心齿轮41、第5行星齿轮54和传动机构53,输入轴2的转矩传至输出轴38。
在第4档前进速度F4的情况下,低速用旋转离合器7被启动,第3速度档轮系3RD中的固定离合器9被启动。通过第1传动机构13、低速用旋转离合器7、中间轴3、第2中心齿轮39、第2行星齿轮45、传动机构43、齿轮48、齿环55′、第5行星齿轮54和传动机构53,输入轴2的转矩传至输出轴38。
在第5档前进速度F5的情况下,高速用固定离合器6被启动,第3速度档轮系3RD中的固定离合器9被启动。通过第1传动机构13、第1行星齿轮19、低速用旋转离合器7的外鼓轮22、中间轴3、第2中心齿轮40、第2行星齿轮45、传动机构43、齿轮48、齿环52和55′、第5行星齿轮54和传动机构53,输入轴2的转矩传至输出轴38。
在第6档前进速度F6的情况下,低速用旋转离合器7被启动,第4速度档轮系4TH中的旋转离合器8被启动。通过第1传动机构13、低速用旋转离合器7、旋转离合器8及传动机构43和53,输入轴2的转矩传至输出轴38。
在第7档前进速度F7的情况下,高速用固定离合器6被启动,旋转离合器8被启动。通过第1传动机构13、第1行星齿轮18、低速用旋转离合器7的外鼓轮22、中间轴3、旋轴离合器8以及传动机构43和53,输入轴2的转矩传至输出轴38。
最后,在第1倒车档速度R1的情况下,低速用旋转离合器7被启动,倒车用旋转离合器10被起动。结果,通过第1传动机构13、低速用旋转离合器7、中间轴3、第3中心齿轮40、第4行星齿轮50以及传动机构43和53,输入轴2的转矩传至输出轴38。
很多情况下用于自卸卡车之类车辆上的具有多速度级的传动系统通常是用两个直线耦合式的旋转离合器构成。至今为止,这两个旋转离合器A和B如图3所示那样安置得彼此分离,并且对于它们的各部件来说,部件不能为离合器A和B所通用,于是部件数目非常大。此外,如图3所示,旋转离合器A和B置于距控制阀最远的位置,于是离合器管路的管道阻力大,结果填充时间加长,因此性能差。
在此方面,在根据本发明建造的传动系统中,由于低速用旋转离合器7和旋转离合器8做成同样的结构,并且背靠背地放置,其间是隔壁28,于是上述缺点克服了。
此外,用现有技术的传动系统中输出耦合部分的结构是这样的:输出轴C和耦合装置D是彼此分开的,它们通过垫圈E和螺栓F固定在一起,如图4所示。因此,结构复杂,部件数量多,机加工件很多,使得传动系统成本高。
在此方面,在根据本发明建造的传动系统中,由于输出轴38和输出耦合装置58做成一个整体,其中装有由两部分组成的调整59,使得定位成为可能,还由于对于传动箱1,定心功能可由插销a和b来实现,因此上述缺点就可以克服了。
此外,在使用现有技术的传动系统中,某些情况下输入转动被作为一个自动速度改变信号被探测和使用。在此类情况下,如图5所示,敏感盘G放置在输入轴F上。然而,此时敏感盘G置于传动箱J的连接表面K之外,因此,转矩转换传动部件中的输入输出安装长度相应拉长了所占空间的长度,这也增加了传动系统的重量。
在此方面,在根据本发明建造的传输系统中,由于敏感盘61装在高速用旋转离合器6的传动机构6′上,于是可以保证可探测输入转动并且再也不必特意留出空间了。
如上面详述的那样,根据本发明,由于高速档轮系H装在低速档轮系L的输入一侧,低速档轮系L中的低速用旋转离合器7在结构上把高速档轮系H中的齿环20与高速档轮系H中的传动机构13直接耦合,第1速度档轮系1ST安于第2速度档轮系2ND的输出一侧,第1速度档轮系1ST中的传动机构53耦合于输出轴38,第4速度档轮系4TH、第3速度档轮系3RD和倒车档轮系R安置在低速档齿轮系L和第2速度档轮系2ND之间,因此与当低速档轮系L中低速用旋转离合器启动时输入轴造成转矩回流因而轴应力大的现有技术相反,此类现象不再发生,转矩回流被消除了,轴应力变小。此外,关于速度档间的档间比,可提供接近理想值的约1.35的等档间比,由于内在性能,与小转矩和小转动变化有关的高可靠性可以实现,并且系统变得紧凑。

Claims (1)

  1. 一个行星齿轮型传动系统,其特征在于:一高速档轮系(H)置于一低速档轮系(L)的输入一侧,低速档轮系(L)中一低速用旋转离合器(7)在结构上使得高速档轮系(H)中一齿环(20)直接与高速档轮系(H)中一传动机构(13)直接耦合,第1速度档轮系(LST)置于第2速度档轮系(2ND)的输出一侧,第1速度档轮系(LST)中一传动机构(53)耦合于输出轴(38),第4速度档轮系(4TH)、第3速度档轮系(3RD)和倒车档轮系(R)置于低速档轮系(L)和第2速度档轮系(2ND)之间。
CN86100093.5A 1985-01-14 1986-01-14 行星齿轮型传动系统 Expired CN1004098B (zh)

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JP603218/85 1985-01-14
JP603218/1985 1985-01-14
JP60003218A JPH06100251B2 (ja) 1985-01-14 1985-01-14 遊星歯車式変速装置

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CN86100093A true CN86100093A (zh) 1986-07-09
CN1004098B CN1004098B (zh) 1989-05-03

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CN108869656A (zh) * 2017-05-10 2018-11-23 现代自动车株式会社 用于车辆的自动变速器的行星齿轮系
CN108869653B (zh) * 2017-05-10 2022-05-31 现代自动车株式会社 用于车辆的自动变速器的行星齿轮系
CN108869656B (zh) * 2017-05-10 2022-07-29 现代自动车株式会社 用于车辆的自动变速器的行星齿轮系

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US4709594A (en) 1987-12-01
JPS61165052A (ja) 1986-07-25
KR920007995B1 (ko) 1992-09-21
JPH06100251B2 (ja) 1994-12-12
CN1004098B (zh) 1989-05-03
KR860005997A (ko) 1986-08-16

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