CN85100809B - 从气体混合物中分离并同时制得酸性杂质的方法 - Google Patents

从气体混合物中分离并同时制得酸性杂质的方法 Download PDF

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CN85100809B
CN85100809B CN85100809A CN85100809A CN85100809B CN 85100809 B CN85100809 B CN 85100809B CN 85100809 A CN85100809 A CN 85100809A CN 85100809 A CN85100809 A CN 85100809A CN 85100809 B CN85100809 B CN 85100809B
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solvent
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兰克
施拉德
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Lidds AB
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Priority to IN9/MAS/85A priority patent/IN163925B/en
Priority to BR8500076A priority patent/BR8500076A/pt
Priority to EP85100317A priority patent/EP0152755B1/de
Priority to DE8585100317T priority patent/DE3573074D1/de
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Priority to CN85100809A priority patent/CN85100809B/zh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10KPURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/16Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with non-aqueous liquids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456Removing acid components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456Removing acid components
    • B01D53/1475Removing carbon dioxide
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02CCAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/151Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明介绍了通过压力洗涤塔中溶剂的物理作用,从气体混合物中分离并同时制得酸性杂质(主要为CO2)的方法。在本方法中,将吸收气体的溶剂的压力降至第一级中间压力(6)以使共吸收的惰性气体脱气;然后再逐级降压(经阀11、12)以便从该溶剂中分离大量被吸收的CO2;最后使该溶剂达到再生末级压力,以除去剩余的CO2之后,该溶剂返回压力洗涤塔。采用本方法从该溶液中除去CO2而同时制得纯净的CO2,其优点是能耗少且成本低。本发明提出:使部分已洗涤的气体(18)膨胀至该溶剂的再生末级压力(19),并用作气提气体,以便从该溶剂中除去剩余的CO2

Description

从气体混合物中分离并同时制得酸性杂质的方法
本发明涉及通过压力洗涤塔中溶剂的物理作用,从气体混合物中分离并同时制得酸性杂质(主要为CO2)的方法。该方法中,将吸收气体的溶剂的压力降至第一级中间压力,以使共吸收的惰性气体脱气,然后再逐级降压,以便从该溶剂中分离大量吸收的CO2,最后使该溶剂达到再生末级压力以除去剩余的CO2,使脱气后的溶剂返回压力洗涤塔。
在申请人以前申请的专利DE3239605.8中已介绍了尿素合成气的制造方法。在此方法中吸收气体的溶剂经部分膨胀后,其压力可达中间压力,并且加热该溶剂使部分CO2脱气,从而在加压情况下收集分离出的CO2,该CO2冷却后可用于合成尿素。部分已再生的溶剂被送入末级常压再生段,然后,通过重沸器再加热该溶剂,以除去残余的CO2,或用真空装置分离残余的CO2
但是上述方法缺点很多,重沸器需要高压蒸气加热溶剂,并弥补脱除残余体带走的热量,需要外部冷却以补偿热交换损失,此外,需要冷却设备以减少泵的发热和冷却原料气体。与此相联系的是需耗资添加设备如热交换器、重沸器和带分离器的冷凝器和冷凝泵。
用真空装置也需附加设备,这些设备耗能较多。真空压缩机的负压决定了可达到的CO2残留量。故原料气不能象在洗涤塔那样得到很好的净化,用废热加热该溶剂可减少残余的CO2量,但这会出现加热再生中存在的相类似的问题。
因此,本发明目的是为了提供一种与最初提到的方法同一类型的方法,从溶剂中除去CO2而同时能制得纯CO2,该方法与以前方法相比耗能少而且成本低。
按本发明的方法,使部分已洗涤的气体膨胀达到该溶剂的再生末级压力,并用作从该溶剂中除去剩余CO2的气提气体。
在本方法中,通过膨胀,从吸收气体的溶剂中分离出CO2并得到CO2产品。气提代替了带有重沸器的再生塔或真空装置。用气提方法可得到足够纯的不含CO2的气体。降低至第一级中间膨胀区的压力可使CO2产品中所含的CO2浓度调节到所需的程度。增加气提气体的量,因而增加部分已洗涤气体的量和增加该塔内的塔板数,可提高制得的产品气体相对于CO2的纯度。此外,在吸收气体的溶剂膨胀时,以及产品气体膨胀或气提气体膨胀时结合使用膨胀透平,可进一步减少该设备所需的能量。吸收气体的溶剂是经多级膨胀而后进行气体的;因此,该溶剂的末级再生既不需要输入热量,也不需要使吸收气体的溶剂和已再生的溶剂进行热交换。
在开拓本发明的构思中提出,将气提气体与已气提的CO2一起压缩到气体原料压力,在洗涤前加到气体原料中。以这种方式进行这种方法时,将导致CO2再返回洗涤区被洗涤,并经继之膨胀,以制得纯净的CO2。因此,通过气提气体的循环气提以及已气提的剩余CO2的循环气提,可增加CO2的产率。
按本发明的又一个实施方法提出,在洗涤前压缩气体原料。这一步骤可使循环的溶剂量大大减少。而且由于气提气体和已气提的剩余CO2是与气体原料一起进行压缩的,所以有可能省去循环压缩机。
在本发明方法中,可采用所有物理溶剂如醇类、酮类、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇醚、二甲基甲酰胺、二元醇、丁内酯。制得的纯CO2可用于食品化学工业或增加油的收率。
下面将通过图示,对本发明方法的一个实施例作详细说明:
管1中的原料气体在热交换器25中被冷却后,进入一个分离器27,在此分离器内原料气中的水作为分离产物从底部经管线28排出(这一步骤是必要的,可以避免原料气中的水分在洗涤塔内的积聚)。然后其余的原料气从分离器顶部排出进入洗涤塔2,在洗涤塔2中用已再生的溶剂进行洗涤,已再生的溶剂是在塔的上部通过管3加入的。这样洗涤后,CO2的残留量约为100ppm。可达到的纯度与该溶剂用量、该溶剂纯度、温度和塔板数或填料高度有关。
除CO2外,原料气体中的其它组份也按各自的溶解度溶解在该溶剂中,同时部分水也得到洗涤。
已洗涤的气体从洗涤塔2顶部的管4排出,然后,在热交换器25中与原料气体进行热交换,至少其中一部分由管26排出。
吸收气体的溶剂通过洗涤塔底部的管5输出,经阀6在分离器7中膨胀到第一级中间压力,在分离器中放出的气体(最好为H2气)经管8并通过循环压缩机9返回原料气体中,在此过程中,循环压缩机执行两项任务:提高H2气产率,同时提高CO2产物中CO2的浓度。
然后,管10中的溶剂经阀11、12在分离器13、14中逐级膨胀,在这阶段排出的CO2分别从管15、16流出,这些CO2可用于食品化学工业或增加油的收率。膨胀级数和可以提供的压缩级数可互相适当调节。
该溶剂膨胀到1.3巴压力后(这溶剂中仍含有CO2),通过泵29将此溶剂加到气提塔中,用部分已洗涤的气体产物进行处理,该气体由管18加入,在这阶段中,将已洗涤气体加到气提塔之前,先使其在阀19中膨胀。剩余的CO2气体与气提气体一起从气提塔17顶部的管20排出,经循环压缩机9压缩后,通过管21加到管1的气体原料流中。从气提塔17的底部的管22流出的溶剂通过泵23达到洗涤塔的压力,气体原料和泵产生的热量在冷凝器24中除去。
实例数据:
在蒸汽重整炉中,通过天然气的催化反应,可从气体原料(能制得H2的气体原料)中制得CO2。洗涤前,CO必须在转化器中转化成H2+CO2
气体原料的量:4000千克分子/小时
压力:22巴
成分:H2 77%(克分子)
N2+CO+CH4 5.3%(克分子)
CO2 17.7%(克分子)
气体产品(洗涤后气体主要部分,26)
量:8274千克分子/小时
压力:20.5巴
成分:H2 93.8%(克分子)
N2+CO+CH4 6.0%(克分子)
CO2 0.2%(克分子)
CO2产品
量:726千克分子/小时
压力:1.1bzw.3巴
成分:H2 1.0%(克分子)
N2+CO+CH4 1.7%(克分子)
CO2 97.3%(克分子)
气提塔中气提气体的
量: 340千克分子/小时
气体产品成分:
总循环
量:752千克分子/小时
压力:22巴
成分:H2 49.7%(克分子)
N2+CO+CH4 3.8%(克分子)
CO2 46.5%(克分子)
溶剂:聚乙二醇醚
量: 1340米3/小时

Claims (3)

1、通过压力洗涤塔中溶剂的物理作用,从气体混合物中分离并同时制得酸性杂质(主要为CO2)的方法,在本方法中,将吸收气体的溶剂的压力降至第一级中间压力,以使共吸收的惰性气体脱气,然后再逐级降压,以便从吸收气体的溶剂中分离大量吸收的CO2,最后使该溶剂达到再生末级压力以除去剩余的CO2,之后,使该溶剂返回洗涤塔,该方法的特征为:部分已洗涤的气体膨胀至该溶剂的再生末级压力,并且用作气提气体,以便从该溶剂中除去残余的CO2
2、按照权利要求1的方法,其特征为:气提气体与已气提的残余CO2一起被压缩到气体原料的压力,并在洗涤前加到气体原料中。
3、按照权利要求1或2的方法,其特征为:在洗涤前压缩气体原料。
CN85100809A 1984-01-19 1985-04-01 从气体混合物中分离并同时制得酸性杂质的方法 Expired CN85100809B (zh)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843401773 DE3401773A1 (de) 1984-01-19 1984-01-19 Verfahren zur abtrennung und gleichzeitigen gewinnung saurer verunreinigungen aus gasgemischen
IN9/MAS/85A IN163925B (zh) 1984-01-19 1985-01-02
BR8500076A BR8500076A (pt) 1984-01-19 1985-01-09 Processo de separacao e simultanea recuperacao de impurezas acidas de misturas gasosas
EP85100317A EP0152755B1 (de) 1984-01-19 1985-01-15 Verfahren zur Abtrennung und gleichzeitigen Gewinnung saurer Verunreinigungen aus Gasgemischen
DE8585100317T DE3573074D1 (en) 1984-01-19 1985-01-15 Process for eliminating and concurrently recuperating acid pollutants contained in gaseous mixtures
CN85100809A CN85100809B (zh) 1984-01-19 1985-04-01 从气体混合物中分离并同时制得酸性杂质的方法

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DE19843401773 DE3401773A1 (de) 1984-01-19 1984-01-19 Verfahren zur abtrennung und gleichzeitigen gewinnung saurer verunreinigungen aus gasgemischen
CN85100809A CN85100809B (zh) 1984-01-19 1985-04-01 从气体混合物中分离并同时制得酸性杂质的方法

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101264416B (zh) * 2007-03-16 2012-04-18 气体产品与化学公司 用于分离气体的方法和装置

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NO874821L (no) * 1986-12-02 1988-06-03 Norton Co Fremgangsmaate for aa fjerne karbondioksyd fra en gass.
DE3716199A1 (de) * 1987-05-14 1988-11-24 Linde Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur reinigung von rohgasen unter gleichzeitiger gewinnung von synthese- und brenngas
DE102007048565B3 (de) * 2007-10-09 2009-01-22 Dge Dr.-Ing. Günther Engineering Gmbh Verfahren und Anlage zur Regeneration einer bei der Reinigung von Gasen anfallenden aminhaltigen Waschlösung
DE102008008546A1 (de) * 2008-02-12 2009-08-13 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur physikalischen Gaswäsche

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NL178445B (nl) * 1952-05-21 Pont A Mousson Afdichtpakking die tijdens bedrijf radiaal wordt gecomprimeerd tussen ineengeschoven delen van een leidingkoppeling.
DE2312754C3 (de) * 1973-03-14 1980-06-26 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Rückgewinnung von wertvollen Bestandteilen bei einer physikalischen Gaswäsche
DE3239605A1 (de) * 1982-10-26 1984-04-26 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Verfahren zur kombinierten herstellung von ammoniak und harnstoff

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101264416B (zh) * 2007-03-16 2012-04-18 气体产品与化学公司 用于分离气体的方法和装置

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BR8500076A (pt) 1985-08-20
IN163925B (zh) 1988-12-10
EP0152755A3 (en) 1988-03-23
CN85100809A (zh) 1986-07-09
EP0152755A2 (de) 1985-08-28
DE3401773A1 (de) 1985-08-01
DE3573074D1 (en) 1989-10-26
EP0152755B1 (de) 1989-09-20

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