CN2376579Y - Two-stage circular bed refuse incineration boiler - Google Patents

Two-stage circular bed refuse incineration boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
CN2376579Y
CN2376579Y CN 99216542 CN99216542U CN2376579Y CN 2376579 Y CN2376579 Y CN 2376579Y CN 99216542 CN99216542 CN 99216542 CN 99216542 U CN99216542 U CN 99216542U CN 2376579 Y CN2376579 Y CN 2376579Y
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China
Prior art keywords
dipleg
combustion chamber
stage
bed
cyclone separator
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Expired - Lifetime
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CN 99216542
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
林伟刚
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Institute of Process Engineering of CAS
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Institute of Chemical Metallurgy CAS
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Priority to CN 99216542 priority Critical patent/CN2376579Y/en
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Abstract

The utility model in particular to a two-stage circular bed refuse incineration boiler. A grid plate and an air chamber are arranged at the bottom of a burning chamber. The air chamber is provided with a primary air inlet and a mud hole of fire box. The upper part of the burning chamber is provided with an outlet of fire box which is connected with a cyclone separator, the upper part of which is connected with a convection pass and the bottom of which is connected with a first stage dipleg. The side of the dipleg is provided with an outlet connected with a second stage dipleg in air seal mode. The bottom of the dipleg is provided with a mud hole of dipleg. The second stage dipleg is provided with a materials return port and an inlet of the refuse as fuel connected with the burning chamber. The upper part of the second stage dipleg is provided with a chlorine adsorbent bed which is provided with a gas outlet connected with the burning chamber. The utility model can reduce the elevated temperature chlorine corrosion and the exhaust of second *man-made fibre.

Description

Twin-stage dipleg circulation fluidized bed garbage burning boiler
The utility model belongs to using energy source and environment protection equipment, particularly twin-stage dipleg circulation fluidized bed garbage burning boiler.
Along with China's rapid economy development, the quantity of rubbish is also increasing sharply, if garbage disposal is improper, will produces greatly environment and pollute.Owing to exist a large amount of organic principles in the rubbish, utilize rubbish as an alternative the energy can handle waste material again can produce power.Burning method is the effective means that disposal of refuse obtains the energy, yet because rubbish has complicated component, characteristics such as ash height.Therefore the incinerator design is a key of implementing this technology.
Present incinerator is mainly fixed grate combustion system and fluidized combustion mode.The subject matter of fixed grate combustion system is poor combustion stability, usually needs auxiliary fuel such as heavy oil to come smooth combustion.Owing to contain waste plastic product, waste rubber product, organic-biological body in the rubbish, will produce HCl, Cl after the burning 2Deng gas, to produce high temperature chloride corrosion to boiler heating surface, as Zhang Hesheng, the auspicious people of letter, " high temperature corrosion of garbage burning boiler heating surface tube wall metal " (1994 on " energy technology " periodical, (4), 24-28) literary composition is said, the harm that these corrosive gas cause the heating surface metal pipe-wall is fatal.This harm happens occasionally in real life, two generating rubbish being introduced by MIT as Shenzhen environmental sanitation integrated treatment factory. incinerator, just suffered serious high temperature corrosion in 100 days putting into operation, and be forced to stop transport.Therefore, can only reduce the parameter operation at present, make its generating efficiency be forced to reduce.In addition, hypertoxic organic pollution (Er Evil Ying, dioxin) and the secondary pollutions such as discharging of heavy metal (Hg, Cd, Pb etc.) pollutant also be problem demanding prompt solution in the waste incineration process.It is strong that fluidized bed combustion has the fuel adaptive capacity, and low SO x, NO xThe characteristics of discharging, fluidization successfully is widely used in coal combustion process at present, yet, fluidization is burnt away the refuse and is not also used on a large scale, many problems reduce the discharge capacity of pollutant as improving efficiency of combustion, and problems such as minimizing corrosion need to be resolved hurrily.The fluidized bed garbage combustion technology that adopts is mainly directly solid refuse to be added in bubbling fluidized bed or the recirculating fluidized bed and burns at present, as " using the fast-assembling fluidized bed incinerator of solid waste " (Chinese patent application number 97218051), the waste disposal method that " circulating fluid bed garbage furnace " (Chinese patent application number 96222966) introduced, but the emission problem of still unresolved high temperature chloride corrosion of this direct combustion system and pollutant, utilize lime stone dehydrochlorination solution etching problem on the spot though there is patent to mention, but nearest result of study shows under ignition temperature, adds the poor effect of lime dechlorination.
Because the precursor of hydrogen chloride Shi Er Evil Ying, so high temperature chloride corrosion is with these two problems of the discharging of Er Evil Ying derive from the chlorine component that exists in the rubbish.So effectively dechlorination is to solve high temperature chloride corrosion in the waste incineration process with the key of Er Evil Ying discharging.
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of twin-stage dipleg circulation fluidized bed garbage burning boiler, utilizes its New Cycle fluidization efficiently, cleanly to burn municipal refuse, makes its chemical energy be converted to heat energy and electric energy throwing aside and pollution problem with solution rubbish; Adopt simultaneously new design philosophy device interior on the spot dechlorination eliminate high temperature chloride corrosion in combustion process with the emission problem of Er Evil Ying.
The utility model adopts twin-stage dipleg circulating fluidized bed system, the processes such as pyrolysis, dechlorination, burning and nitrogen oxides reduction of rubbish is carried out classification administer in system.The main means of its realization are for adopting twin-stage dipleg circulating fluidized bed system.Conventional circulating fluidized bed system is that solid material is carried by high velocity air after gas-solid separator (as cyclone separator) separates at tedge (being the combustion chamber), drop to and be back to tedge in the dipleg again, twin-stage dipleg circulating fluidized bed system in the utility model partly is divided into the two-stage of series connection with dipleg, and every grade has its oneself gas vent.
The utility model comprises combustion chamber, cyclone separator and dipleg, it is characterized in that: the bottom of combustion chamber 1 is an air distribution plate 12, one air compartment 8 is arranged below the air distribution plate 12, air compartment 8 is wind a1 import and burner hearth mud hole 10 once: the import of auxiliary fuel C is arranged at 1 bottom in the combustion chamber, the import of secondary wind a2 is arranged at top, and a furnace outlet 13 that links to each other with cyclone separator 2 is arranged at the top; The top of cyclone separator 2 connects a convection pass 7, and the bottom connects a first order dipleg 3: the bottom of dipleg 3 is a bubbling bed, and heat exchanger 4 is set in it, and there is an outlet 11 that is connected with second level dipleg 5 usefulness sealing glands in limit portion, and dipleg mud hole 9 is arranged at the bottom; The bottom of second level dipleg 5 is a bubbling bed, and has one to be connected the material return port 15 that communicates and the inlet of garbage fuel W with combustion chamber 1 usefulness sealing gland, and a chlorine adsorbent bed 6 is arranged at top, and a gas vent 14 that communicates with combustion chamber 1 is arranged at the top of adsorbent bed 6.
The subject matter that present application fluidization is burnt away the refuse is that high temperature chloride corrosion is with the discharging of Er Evil Ying.And the key that addresses these problems to be chloride in rubbish remove before it enters the burner hearth high-temperature region as soon as possible with the volatile matter back (being mainly hydrogen chloride) of overflowing.Lime (Ca (OH) 2) or lime (CaCO 3) be antichlor commonly used and comparatively economic.Its main chemical reactions is when lime or lime stone contact with hydrogen chloride:
(R1)
(R2)
(R3)
At high temperature, calcium carbonate and oxyhydrogen calcium will be decomposed into calcium oxide:
(R4)
(R5) yet, its main dechlorination reaction (R2-R3) (>700 ℃) under hot conditions, its backward reaction plays a leading role.The absorption conversion ratio of hydrogen chloride is subjected to the restriction of chemical balance.In the fluidized bed combustion syste of routine, lime directly adds in the burner hearth usually.And the temperature in the burner hearth always is higher than 750 ℃, so the having little effect of absorbing hydrogen chloride.This is the difficult point of dechlorination when rubbish is directly added in the fluid bed burning.
The utility model adopts the twin-stage dipleg that the burning of rubbish is decomposed into pyrolysis, dechlorination, and burning and several parts of denitration are carried out to reach best dechlorination and combustion efficiency this plurality of processes respectively under different conditions.Equipment is mainly by the combustion chamber, cyclone separator, and first order dipleg, second level dipleg is formed.The bottom of combustion chamber is an air distribution plate, it below the air distribution plate air compartment, one time wind enters the combustion chamber by air compartment by air distribution plate, the top of combustion chamber is an outlet, this outlet links to each other with cyclone separator, and the outlet that the air communication that contains the recycle stock particle is crossed the combustion chamber enters cyclone separator and carries out gas solid separation, and the gas after the separation enters convection pass via the top of cyclone separator, with the convection heating surface heat exchange after enter sack cleaner, further the flue gas after the dedusting enters chimney and enters atmosphere.Fall into first order dipleg by the recycle stock particle after the cyclone separator separation through the bottom of cyclone separator, the bottom of this dipleg is a bubbling bed, heat exchanger is set with the temperature in the dipleg of the control second level in it, one outlet is arranged at the bottom of first order dipleg, be connected to the middle part of second level dipleg by a sealing gland, cooled recycle stock particle enters second level dipleg thus; The bottom of second level dipleg also is a bubbling bed, and rubbish adds from the top of bubbling bed, with the thermal cycle mixing of materials, heats up and pyrolysis; The top of this dipleg is a chlorine adsorbent bed, in chlorine adsorbent is housed, the top of adsorbent bed has a gas vent to be connected to the middle part of combustion chamber, the pyrolysis gas that produces in dipleg bottom, the second level enters the middle part burning of combustion chamber after the adsorbent bed dechlorination, and forms the oxynitrides that the local reduction district generates with the burning of reduction bottom, combustion chamber; The material return port is equipped with in the bottom of second level dipleg, be connected to the bottom of combustion chamber by a sealing gland, solid combustible composition behind the refuse pyrolysis enters the bottom, combustion chamber with recycle stock by this return port and burns, middle part in the combustion chamber, secondary wind intake is equipped with to guarantee the completing combustion of pyrolysis gas in the top of the pyrolysis gas inlet after the dechlorination.
The function and the operating condition thereof of each device of this equipment are described below: (1). and make its (~600 ℃) pyrolysis under lower temperature in the bubbling fluidized bed of rubbish adding second level dipleg, allow its chlorine component under this temperature, separate out simultaneously with pyrolysis gas.(2) chloride pyrolysis gas is by an adsorbent bed on this dipleg top, in fine grained lime (~100 μ) be housed slough chlorine component in the gas.(3) burn in the bottom that remaining semicoke enters the combustion chamber behind the refuse pyrolysis, ignition temperature is controlled at the volatilization of avoiding its heavy metal composition under the temperature about 800 ℃, the heavy metal composition is fixed in the ash content to discharge the conglomeration that the while low-temperature burning has avoided bed to expect from mud hole.(4). the pyrolysis gas after the dechlorination is introduced the top burning of combustion chamber, forms the local reduction district in introducing place, the NO that produces in the reduction coal-char combustion process x, add secondary wind on the top of reducing zone simultaneously the combustion chamber upper temp is raise (about 900 ℃), guaranteed that the hydrocarbon in the pyrolysis gas burns.(5). the bed material adopts fine quartz sand, makes recycle stock be mainly quartz sand, reduces the rubbish ash content and is entrained to the volatilization that the heavy metal composition is caused in high-temperature region, top, combustion chamber.(6). the temperature that heat exchanger is used to reduce recycle stock is equipped with in first order dipleg bottom, and the temperature of control second level dipleg, and it is remained on about 600 ℃.
The utility model has solved the garbage burning boiler problem of dechlorination on the spot, greatly reduces high temperature chloride corrosion, has increased the service life of high-temperature heat-exchanging in the boiler, has improved the reliability of equipment, has reduced and has safeguarded furnace outage time, has reduced investment and operating cost; In addition, the local reduction district on top, combustion chamber has reduced the discharge capacity of nitrogen oxide; Adopt secondary wind, improved ignition temperature, reduced incomplete combustion loss, because having sloughed the growing amount that chlorine component in the pyrolysis gas reduced the imperfect combustion Er Evil Ying of hydrocarbon simultaneously will reduce greatly, the low-temperature burning of bottom, combustion chamber has then suppressed the volatilization and the discharging of heavy metal composition in the rubbish, can make the chemical energy in the rubbish be converted to heat energy and electric energy thus, has solved the secondary pollution problem in the waste incineration simultaneously.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the technical solution of the utility model is further described.
Fig. 1. equipment schematic diagram of the present utility model.
Figure acceptance of the bid label:
1. combustion chamber 2. cyclone separators 3. first order diplegs 4. heat exchangers
5. second level dipleg 6. adsorbent beds 7. convection pass 8. air compartments
9. dipleg mud hole 10. burner hearth mud holes 11. export 12. air distribution plates
13. furnace outlet 14. dechlorination pyrolysis gas outlets 15. material return ports
A1. the pyrolysis gas g2. flue gas after a wind a2. secondary wind g1. dechlorinates
C. auxiliary fuel W. garbage fuel
Embodiment 1.
As shown in the figure, the dipleg of this circulation fluidized bed system partly is divided into the secondary of series connection.1 is the combustion chamber among the figure, and 2 is cyclone separator, and 3 is first order dipleg, and 4 is vapor heat exchanger, and 5 is second level dipleg, and 6 is the hydrogen chloride absorption bed.The rubbish W that acts as a fuel adds in the second level dipleg 5, and temperature is 600 ℃, and second level dipleg 5 makes the bed material keep a fluidized state by little air, makes wherein to be mainly reducing atmosphere.Rubbish pyrolysis in second level dipleg 5, chlorine in the rubbish more than 90% will be overflowed with fugitive constituent, and chloride pyrolysis gas upwards flows in the adsorbent bed 6, in temperature is 500-600 ℃ adsorbent bed, lime is housed with absorbing hydrogen chloride, its dechlorination rate is reached more than 85%; Flue gas g1 after the dechlorination is entered in the combustion chamber 1 by outlet 14; Fixed carbon in second level dipleg 5 and ash content are connected to prevent that the gas in the combustion chamber 1 from turning back in the second level dipleg 5 by sealing gland between second level dipleg 5 and the combustion chamber 1 along with recycle stock is entered in the combustion chamber 1 by material return port 15.Because in the rubbish is volatile matter more than 80%, some rubbish enters the ignition temperature that combustion chamber 1 interior semicoke amount may be not enough to keep smooth combustion.At this moment, can add a small amount of auxiliary fuel C to the bottom of combustion chamber 1 to keep smooth combustion temperature, about about 800 ℃ of its temperature.Auxiliary fuel C can be a coal, can be other fuel also, as living beings.The ash content of rubbish can be discharged by the mud hole 10 of 1 bottom in the combustion chamber.One time wind a1 enters in the air compartment 8, enters in the combustion chamber 1 to guarantee that semicoke burns by air distribution plate 12.Pyrolysis gas g1 after coal-char combustion product and recycle stock move upward and dechlorinate (is mainly thermal decomposition product, small part combustion product and water vapour) meet, form a local reduction district when burning, the oxynitrides that 1 bottom generates in the combustion chamber is distinguished by partial reduction at this; The top in this district adds the completing combustion of the pyrolysis gas g1 after secondary wind a2 dechlorinates with assurance, forms an about high-temperature region of 900 ℃ simultaneously to guarantee that hydrocarbon burns in combustion chamber 1; Recycle stock and burn after flue gas g2 enter cyclone separator 2 through furnace outlet 13 and realize gas solid separation, be advanced under the solid circulation material in the first order dipleg 3, be equipped with heat exchanger 4 in the first order dipleg 3, recycle stock is lowered the temperature therein, and the control recycle stock temperature that enters second level dipleg 5, the temperature of second level dipleg 5 is remained on about 600 ℃, guarantee that like this chlorine-containing components in the rubbish is along with volatile matter is overflowed.Small part can be discharged by the mud hole 9 of first order dipleg 3 bottoms by the ash content that recycle stock carries.Connected to prevent that the gas in the second level dipleg 5 from entering into first order dipleg 3 by sealing gland between first order dipleg 3 and the second level dipleg 5, flue gas g2 then enters convection heating surface exhaust gases passes 7 from cyclone separator 2 outlets.Because the chlorine component in the rubbish is removed before entering combustion chamber 1, avoided the high temperature chloride corrosion in the combustion chamber, the high temperature that does not have chlorine body simultaneously burns, prevent the generation of Er Evil Ying, and the metal in the rubbish is fixed in and sends from mud hole in the ash, so, not only prevented the discharging of heavy metal but also avoided its catalytic action that generates at afterbody Dui Er Evil Ying secondary.

Claims (1)

1. twin-stage dipleg circulation fluidized bed garbage burning boiler, comprise combustion chamber, cyclone separator and dipleg, it is characterized in that: the bottom of combustion chamber (1) is air distribution plate (12), an air compartment (8) is arranged below the air distribution plate (12), and air compartment (8) is wind (a1) import and burner hearth mud hole (10) once; The import of auxiliary fuel (C) is arranged at the bottom of (1) in the combustion chamber, and the import of secondary wind (a2) is arranged at top, and a furnace outlet (13) that links to each other with cyclone separator (2) is arranged at the top; The top of cyclone separator (2) connects a convection pass (7), and the bottom connects a first order dipleg (3); The bottom of dipleg (3) is a bubbling bed, and heat exchanger (4) is set in it, and there is an outlet (11) that is connected with sealing gland with second level dipleg (5) in limit portion, and dipleg mud hole (9) is arranged at the bottom; The bottom of second level dipleg (5) is a bubbling bed, and have one to be connected the material return port (15) that communicates and the inlet of garbage fuel (W) with sealing gland with combustion chamber (1), one chlorine adsorbent bed (6) is arranged at top, and a gas vent (14) that communicates with combustion chamber (1) is arranged at the top of adsorbent bed (6).
CN 99216542 1999-07-09 1999-07-09 Two-stage circular bed refuse incineration boiler Expired - Lifetime CN2376579Y (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 99216542 CN2376579Y (en) 1999-07-09 1999-07-09 Two-stage circular bed refuse incineration boiler

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 99216542 CN2376579Y (en) 1999-07-09 1999-07-09 Two-stage circular bed refuse incineration boiler

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7543553B2 (en) 2001-11-12 2009-06-09 Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Circulating fluidized bed boiler
CN102829474A (en) * 2012-09-25 2012-12-19 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Double-bed system for preventing heating surface of boiler from being contaminated
CN102829473A (en) * 2012-09-25 2012-12-19 中国东方电气集团有限公司 System for solving high-sodium coal combustion contamination through pyrolysis combustion double-bed
CN102937290A (en) * 2012-11-21 2013-02-20 中国东方电气集团有限公司 External bed type double fluidized bed boiler-fouling preventing system
CN102944008A (en) * 2012-11-21 2013-02-27 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Boiler heating surface contamination preventing system of double-fluidized-bed combustion furnace
CN106838889A (en) * 2017-02-09 2017-06-13 重庆大学 A kind of CFBB with interior circulation ash heat exchanger
CN112082151A (en) * 2020-09-01 2020-12-15 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Multi-pollutant collaborative removing and burning device and method for circulating fluidized bed boiler

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7543553B2 (en) 2001-11-12 2009-06-09 Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Circulating fluidized bed boiler
US9927119B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2018-03-27 Dongfang Electric Corporation Dual-bed system for preventing boiler heating surface from being contaminated
CN102829474B (en) * 2012-09-25 2016-04-06 中国东方电气集团有限公司 A kind of dual bed systems preventing boiler heating surface from staiing
US9989247B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2018-06-05 Dongfang Electric Corporation Pyrolysis-combustion dual-bed system for eliminating contamination by combustion of high-sodium coal
CN102829474A (en) * 2012-09-25 2012-12-19 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Double-bed system for preventing heating surface of boiler from being contaminated
WO2014048329A1 (en) * 2012-09-25 2014-04-03 中国东方电气集团有限公司 System for solving high-sodium coal combustion contamination by using pyrolysis-combustion dual-bed
WO2014048328A1 (en) * 2012-09-25 2014-04-03 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Dual-bed system to prevent the pollution of boiler heating surface
CN102829473A (en) * 2012-09-25 2012-12-19 中国东方电气集团有限公司 System for solving high-sodium coal combustion contamination through pyrolysis combustion double-bed
CN102829473B (en) * 2012-09-25 2016-02-03 中国东方电气集团有限公司 A kind of pyrolysis and combustion double bed solves the system that high sodium coal combustion stains
CN102944008B (en) * 2012-11-21 2015-10-28 中国东方电气集团有限公司 The system that a kind of double fluidized bed combustion stove prevents boiler heating surface from staiing
US9784445B2 (en) 2012-11-21 2017-10-10 Dongfang Electric Corporation External bed type double-fluidized bed system for preventing boiler contamination
CN102944008A (en) * 2012-11-21 2013-02-27 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Boiler heating surface contamination preventing system of double-fluidized-bed combustion furnace
CN102937290A (en) * 2012-11-21 2013-02-20 中国东方电气集团有限公司 External bed type double fluidized bed boiler-fouling preventing system
CN106838889A (en) * 2017-02-09 2017-06-13 重庆大学 A kind of CFBB with interior circulation ash heat exchanger
CN112082151A (en) * 2020-09-01 2020-12-15 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Multi-pollutant collaborative removing and burning device and method for circulating fluidized bed boiler
CN112082151B (en) * 2020-09-01 2023-03-14 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Multi-pollutant collaborative removing and burning device and method for circulating fluidized bed boiler

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