CN221193275U - Wind-proof sand-fixing structure - Google Patents
Wind-proof sand-fixing structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN221193275U CN221193275U CN202322911033.9U CN202322911033U CN221193275U CN 221193275 U CN221193275 U CN 221193275U CN 202322911033 U CN202322911033 U CN 202322911033U CN 221193275 U CN221193275 U CN 221193275U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a windproof sand-fixing structure, which comprises a water-retaining layer paved on the ground and a multifunctional plate obliquely inserted in the water-retaining layer, wherein the water-retaining layer comprises a degradable mulching film, a composite water-retaining layer and a plant-growing layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the composite water-retaining layer comprises a deep layer, a shallow layer and a surface layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, a water-absorbing net is paved in the middle of the shallow layer, the multifunctional plate consists of a PPS plate, water-passing holes, a light-shielding plate, a stainless steel pipe and a supporting plate, two ends of the water-absorbing net are connected with the SAF fiber water-absorbing cotton at the bottom of the stainless steel pipe through rope-shaped SAF fiber water-absorbing cotton, and the multifunctional plate is obliquely inserted into the sand to form an included angle of 40-60 degrees with the ground to the north. The wind-proof sand-fixation structure realizes the aim of vegetation restoration in desert areas by establishing a water-retaining layer, arranging an inclined multifunctional plate and inoculating plants step by step, and provides favorable conditions for vegetation growth.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of sand control, in particular to a wind-proof sand-fixing structure.
Background
For a long time, the wind and sand hazard is serious in northwest, north China and northeast and west China. Sand control, sand fixation and desertification control work are also actively carried out in China. The existing wind-proof sand-fixing technology can be roughly divided into three types of mechanical sand-fixing, chemical sand-fixing and biological sand-fixing. The mechanical sand fixation is mainly to set sand barriers or cover sand surfaces on sand surfaces in manners of fixing, blocking, conveying, guiding and the like, so as to achieve the aim of reducing or eliminating wind sand hazard. Although the mechanical sand fixation has remarkable effect, the cost is high, the artificial resource consumption is high, the protection period is limited, and the mechanical sand fixation can only be used as a temporary sand prevention measure in a region with serious desertification. Chemical sand fixation refers to the construction of a layer of bonding layer on the ground surface, which can prevent wind blowing, retain moisture and improve the property of sand, so as to control and improve the sand damage environment. The initial chemical sand-fixing agent is mainly asphalt emulsion, various high molecular polymers are developed along with the development of technology, but the inorganic materials have the characteristic of poor vegetation performance, so more researches are focused on the research and development and improvement of organic chemical sand-fixing agents. Biological sand fixation is the most effective means for fixing sand, and can prevent and treat deserts, stabilize oasis and improve the environmental quality and production potential of sand areas by sealing and planting plants. However, the sand-fixing plants have limited species, long growth period and high requirements on soil conditions, and the direct planting of the sand-fixing plants cannot survive, so that the resource waste is caused.
In recent years, researchers at home and abroad have conducted a great deal of research on modification of microbial soil. At present, the main method of applying microorganisms to sandy soil restoration is to stabilize the soil by utilizing biological crust formed by spore plants such as bacteria, fungi, algae, moss and the like and the soil, thereby reducing wind erosion and dust particle yield, also affecting the soil temperature, promoting the input of carbon and nitrogen into an ecological system and providing good conditions for germination and field planting of plants.
However, most sandy areas have strong ultraviolet rays, small precipitation amount and large evaporation amount, so that the salinity content in the soil is too high, the biological activity is strictly limited, and the formation of biological crust with perfect functions is estimated to be at least decades. Therefore, what materials or methods should be used to achieve this during a particular operation remain a problem to be studied intensively.
Disclosure of utility model
The utility model provides a comprehensive sand fixing structure integrating physical-chemical-biological sand fixing into a whole, which aims to solve the problem of sand fixing in a sand storm area. Secondly, set up the multi-functional board of interchangeable slope, collect moisture for the plant of initial stage, shelter from sunshine, reduce ultraviolet damage, reduce the evaporation of water, play the sand fixation effect simultaneously, prevent that the quicksand from burying. Finally, spraying the plant-growing sand-fixing agent at three stages of algae plants, shallow root plants and deep root plants to gradually improve soil conditions and realize the purpose of plant sand fixation.
In order to achieve the aim, the utility model provides a wind-proof sand-fixation structure, which comprises a water-retention layer paved on the ground and a multifunctional plate obliquely inserted in the water-retention layer, wherein the water-retention layer comprises a degradable mulching film, a composite water-retention layer and a plant-growing layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the composite water-retention layer comprises a deep layer which is sequentially arranged at 20-30 cm deep underground, a shallow layer which is 0-20 cm deep underground and a surface layer above the ground from bottom to top, a water-absorption net is paved in the middle of the shallow layer, the water-absorption net is paved by SAF fiber water-absorption cotton with a grid size of 25cm and 25cm, the plant-growing layer selects sheath micro-sheath algae and tooth-rib erythro as initial sand-fixation plants, the multifunctional plate consists of a PPS plate, water passing holes, a light shielding plate, stainless steel pipes and a supporting plate, wherein the middle part of the PPS plate is a continuous groove, two sides of the PPS plate are hollow pipes with the bottoms longer than the middle part, water passing holes are formed in the grooves in a staggered mode, the supporting plate is vertically welded with the upper parts of the stainless steel pipes, the lower ends of the hollow pipes are inserted into the stainless steel pipes, SAF fiber water absorbing cotton is filled at the bottom ends of the stainless steel pipes, two ends of the water absorbing net are connected with the SAF fiber water absorbing cotton at the bottom of the stainless steel pipes through rope-shaped SAF fiber water absorbing cotton, the light shielding plate is arranged below the rear sides of the water passing holes of the PPS plate, the groove sides of the PPS plate are reversely installed with the supporting plate, the groove faces the south are arranged, and the multifunctional plate is obliquely inserted into a sand to form an included angle of 40-60 degrees with the ground in a north direction.
Preferably, the degradable mulch film is a polylactic acid film laid at 30cm below the ground.
Preferably, the composite water-retaining layer is formed by mixing biochar, an organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent and sandy soil in proportion and then backfilling in layers, wherein the biochar is formed by mixing biochar base materials with pH buffer solution according to a proportion of 5:1 are mixed according to the proportion.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the biochar and the organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent in the shallow layer to the sandy soil is 1% and 0.4% respectively, the mass ratio of the biochar and the organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent in the shallow layer to the sandy soil is 1% and 0.6% respectively, and the surface layer is an organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent layer sprayed on the surface of the sandy soil, and the dosage is 30-60 kg/hm 2.
Preferably, the biochar base material is prepared by firing garden waste; the pH buffer solution is selected from 4-hydroxyethyl piperazine ethane sulfonic acid buffer solution, and the effective pH range is 6.8-8.2; the organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent is a water-retaining agent of humic acid-acrylic acid-attapulgite, and the pH range is 6-8.
Preferably, the length of the PPS plate is 1m, the height is 1.1m, and the thickness is 1-1.5 cm; 2-3 water holes are arranged in each row, and the height of each water hole is 3-5 cm; the stainless steel tube is 50cm in height, and the lower end of the stainless steel tube is made into a sharp corner shape.
Preferably, the multifunctional plate is laid from east to west in parallel, and the included angle between the multifunctional plate and the bottom surface is selected to be vertical to the solar altitude in the local summer as much as possible
Preferably, the interval of each row of multifunctional plates in the north-south direction is 1m, and the width of the light shielding plate is 1.5 times of the hole height of the water passing holes.
Based on the technical scheme, the utility model has the advantages that:
The wind-proof sand-fixation structure realizes the aim of vegetation restoration in desert areas by establishing a water-retaining layer, arranging an inclined multifunctional plate and inoculating plants step by step, wherein the plant inoculation is roughly divided into three stages of algae plants, shallow root plants and deep root plants, and the maintenance of plants is realized by adjusting the multifunctional plate and the water-retaining layer structure in the inoculation and growth processes of different types of plants.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the utility model and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the utility model and together with the description serve to explain the utility model and do not constitute a limitation on the utility model. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a wind-proof sand-fixation structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a water-retaining layer structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a water absorbing mesh;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a multi-functional plate structure;
Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of the multi-function board.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the utility model is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
The present utility model provides a wind-proof sand-fixation structure, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, in which a preferred embodiment of the present utility model is shown.
As shown in fig. 1, the wind-proof sand-fixation structure comprises a water-retention layer and a multifunctional plate 9, wherein the water-retention layer is laid on the ground, the multifunctional plate 9 is formed by laying SAF fiber absorbent cotton 8 with a mesh size of 25cm in the water-retention layer, the water-retention layer comprises a degradable mulching film 1, a composite water-retention layer 2 and a plant-growing layer 3, the degradable mulching film 1, the composite water-retention layer 2, the deep layer 4, the shallow layer 5 with a depth of 0-20 cm and the surface layer 6 above the ground are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the shallow layer 5 is provided with a water-absorption net 7 in a staggered manner, the water-absorption net 7 is formed by laying SAF fiber absorbent cotton 8 with a mesh size of 25cm, the plant-growth layer 3 is formed by selecting water-absorption micro-sheath algae and toothed-rib erythro as initial sand-fixation plants, the multifunctional plate 9 is composed of a PPS plate 10, water-passing holes 11, a light-shielding plate 14, a stainless steel tube 12 and a support plate 13, the middle part of the PPS plate 10 is provided with a continuous groove, hollow tube with two sides longer than the middle part, the water-absorption net 7 is provided with a staggered water-absorption hole 11, the water-absorption net 12 is arranged on the groove, the water-absorption net 7 is inserted into the groove, the water-absorption net 7 is arranged at the bottom of the water-absorption net 10 is provided with a groove 12, the water-absorption net 12 is provided with a water-absorbing net 12, the water-absorbing net 12 is inserted into the water-absorbing net 12, and the water-absorbing net is inserted into the stainless steel tube through the water-layer 10, and the water-absorbing plate 10, and the water-layer is formed by the stainless steel pipe.
The degradable mulch film 1 is a polylactic acid (PLA) film which is paved at a position 30cm below the ground. The PLA film has a degradation speed of years under the condition of common temperature and pressure, so that the interception of moisture in the early stage of sand fixation is ensured. In the later stage of sand fixation, the soil conditions are good, so that the content of soil microorganisms is increased, and the degradation of the PLA film is accelerated.
The PLA film selected at the bottom of the water-retaining layer has longer degradation time under drought conditions, can ensure that moisture is intercepted in the growth process of the early-stage plants, and meanwhile, the final degradation products of the polymer are carbon dioxide and water, so that the environment is not influenced.
The composite water-retaining layer 2 is formed by mixing biochar, an organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent and sandy soil in proportion and backfilling in a layered manner, wherein the biochar is formed by mixing a biochar base material with a pH buffer solution in a proportion of 5:1, and preparing the biochar with pH buffering performance.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the biochar and the organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent in the shallow layer 5 to the sandy soil is 1% and 0.4%, respectively, the mass ratio of the biochar and the organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent in the shallow layer 5 to the sandy soil is 1% and 0.6%, respectively, and the surface layer is the organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent. After the deep and shallow sandy soil is backfilled, the organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent is uniformly scattered on the surface layer, and the dosage is 30-60 kg/hm 2.
The biochar base material is prepared by firing garden waste; the pH buffer solution is selected from 4-hydroxyethyl piperazine ethane sulfonic acid buffer solution, and the effective pH range is 6.8-8.2; the organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent is a water-retaining agent of humic acid-acrylic acid-attapulgite, and the pH range is 6-8. HEPES buffer solution is selected to be adsorbed into biochar, so that the problem that the too high pH value in the environment is unfavorable for the growth of microorganisms/plants is solved, the effect that the effect of the buffer is not influenced due to the large temperature difference in the desert environment can be ensured, and the effect of maintaining the stable pH value for a long time is achieved.
The biochar of the composite water-retaining layer part is prepared by firing garden waste serving as a raw material, so that the recycling of the waste is realized, and the cost is saved. Meanwhile, the biochar contains rich N, P, K, ca, mg and other nutrient elements, has good water holding capacity, can improve the soil water holding effect when being used together with the water-retaining agent, and provides good conditions for plant growth; the water-retaining agent content in the sandy soil is gradually decreased from top to bottom, so that the water content is layered, and the water is stored in the shallow layer preferentially for initial use of algae and shallow root plants.
The plant growth layer 3 selects the sheath microalgae and the erythrosin as the initial sand-fixing plants. The micro-sheath algae and the gametophyte of the red gracilis are respectively amplified and cultivated by a BG11 culture medium and a CT culture medium. The gametophyte of moss and the sheath micro-sphingosine are mixed according to the dry weight ratio of 1:8. The garden waste is made into wood pulp by a mechanical pulping technology, 0.3-1.0 mg/L of 6-BA plant growth regulator is added into each ton of wood pulp, then the wood pulp is mixed with the algae-moss culture solution and sprayed to the position above the composite water-retaining layer, the thickness of the dried coating is ensured to be 3-5 mm, and the inoculation amount of the sheath micro-sheath algae and the erythropsis pinicola is about 1000 mg.DW/m 2. After the biological crust is completely formed, the seeds of the local dominant herbaceous plants are selected to be mixed with wood pulp, sprayed on the surface layer, and water is properly sprayed in the initial stage after the crust is formed to promote the germination of the seeds. After the soil with better soil conditions, the deep-root plants are planted.
The algae and bryophyte gametophytes are mixed with wood pulp for spraying, and the crust after the pulp is dried not only fixes the quicksand, but also simplifies the inoculation process. The 6-BA plant growth regulator added into the wood pulp can also improve the stress resistance of the desert algae, promote the growth of the desert algae plants and the synthesis of chlorophyll, and accelerate the formation of biological crust.
The multifunctional plate 9 is composed of a PPS plate 10, a water passing hole 11, a light shielding plate 14, a stainless steel tube 12 and a supporting plate 13, and has the functions of water collection, light shielding, wind prevention and sand fixation. The bottom end of the stainless steel tube 12 is filled with water-absorbing cellucotton and is connected with a water-absorbing net 7 of a water-retaining layer.
As shown in fig. 3, a water absorbing net 7 made of SAF fiber water absorbing cotton is laid in the middle of the shallow layer, the mesh size is 25cm x 25cm, two ends of the water absorbing net 7 are connected with the multifunctional plate 9 through rope-shaped SAF fiber water absorbing cotton, and the water and nutrient solution on the multifunctional plate 9 are further diffused.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the main body of the multifunctional board 10 is made of PPS material, the main body is 1m long, 1.1m high, 1-1.5 cm thick, the middle is made into a groove shape, the grooves are staggered and perforated to form water holes, each row is 2-3, and the height of the holes is 3cm-5cm, so that rainwater can be conveniently and uniformly scattered to the ground while collecting the rainwater. The plate was formed in a hollow tubular shape with a bottom portion longer than the middle portion by 20cm on both sides thereof and a groove portion longer than the bottom portion by about 20cm for insertion into the stainless steel tube 12 at the bottom. The stainless steel tube 12 is perforated at the bottom and connected to the water absorbing net 7 for diffusing the water/nutrient substances supplied through the hollow tube.
The PPS material with low water absorption is selected for manufacturing the multifunctional plate main body, so that rainwater can be fully collected to the ground in raining. In addition, compared with natural materials, the PPS plate has the characteristics of stable structure, difficult deformation and radiation resistance, and can be used in desert environments for a long time.
The mounting difficulty of the multifunctional plate can be reduced by inserting the stainless steel tube, so that the plant can be conveniently dismounted and subsequently mounted in the illumination period. The stainless steel material can also prevent the stainless steel material from being corroded, and can be better fixed in sandy soil due to the heavier stainless steel material. The design that it links to each other with the water absorption net provides convenience for the replenishment of moisture and nutrient solution at the plant root, has improved the utilization ratio of plant to moisture and nutrient substance.
The stainless steel tube 12 has a main body height of 50cm, and a sharp corner shape is formed at the lower end, so that the stainless steel tube is convenient to be inserted into the ground. The top end of the pipe is welded with a supporting plate 13 with a length of 15-20 cm perpendicular to the steel pipe for reinforcing the plate block against wind force, and simultaneously, the disassembly of the PPS plate 10 is facilitated. The PPS plate 10 has a depth of about 10cm, can prevent the movement of surface layer drift sand, and has the effect of fixing sand before the formation of crust. The water passing holes 11 on the PPS plate 10 can reduce the resistance of the main board to wind, and meanwhile, the wind direction in the desert area is the north wind, and the shading plate 14 is arranged below the rear side of the water passing holes 11 of the PPS plate 10, so that the incoming wind can apply downward acting force to the multifunctional plate 9, and the multifunctional plate 9 is prevented from being turned over.
The groove side of the PPS plate 10 is reversely arranged with the supporting plate 13, the groove faces south, the whole plate is inserted into the sand in a north slope way by about 40cm, an included angle of 40-60 degrees is formed between the plate and the ground, and the specific angle is selected to be perpendicular to the local solar elevation angle in summer as much as possible. Laying from east to west. To ensure a good shading effect, the interval between each row of the multifunctional plates 9 in the north-south direction is about 1 m. A shading plate 14 with the height of 1.5 times of the hole is arranged below the rear side of the water passing hole 11 to prevent sunlight from directly irradiating the ground.
The multifunctional plate placed obliquely can enlarge shading area to the greatest extent, reduce ultraviolet irradiation and evaporation of water, and protect plant growth. In addition, the multifunctional plate is similar to a vertical sand barrier, and can play a role in preventing wind and fixing sand and prevent seedlings from being buried by sand.
The wind-proof sand-fixation structure realizes the aim of vegetation restoration in desert areas by establishing a water-retaining layer, arranging an inclined multifunctional plate and inoculating plants step by step, wherein the plant inoculation is roughly divided into three stages of algae plants, shallow root plants and deep root plants, and the maintenance of plants is realized by adjusting the multifunctional plate and the water-retaining layer structure in the inoculation and growth processes of different types of plants.
Algal plant period: the windproof and sand-fixation structure is constructed in rainy season, and the multifunctional plate is installed while the mulching film is paved, so that the construction of the composite water-retaining layer is completed. Spraying water to the backfilled composite water-retaining layer, and then spraying wood pulp with the sheath micro-sheath algae and the erythrozoon denticola gametophyte. And (3) properly sprinkling water in the initial stage of drying and skinning the wood pulp, and keeping the skin moist until the microalgae and moss sprout.
Inoculating shallow root plants when the biological crust coverage is >90%, the crust biomass is >2.0mg/kg, and the crust thickness is >4 mm.
Shallow root implant period: after the biological crust is completely formed, the local perennial herb seeds are selected to be mixed with wood pulp, the mixture is sprayed in spring, and the thickness of the wood pulp crust is not more than 1mm. And after the herbaceous plants pass through the seedling stage, the light shielding plate is pulled out of the stainless steel tube, so that the plants obtain sufficient illumination. The shading plate is inserted back into the stainless steel tube in the high-temperature period in summer, so that sunburn of plants is avoided. In the growth process of the shallow root plant, nutrient solution can be added into the hollow pipes at two sides of the multifunctional plate according to the growth condition of the plant, and the nutrient substances are supplemented to the root of the plant through SAF fiber absorbent cotton and the absorbent net.
Stage of deep root plants: and after the soil condition is good, drought-resistant woody plants are selected for planting, and water-collecting light-shielding plates are installed in seedling period for maintenance.
According to the utility model, chemical sand fixation and physical sand fixation are combined with plant sand fixation, and the water-retaining agent and wood pulp used in the construction process not only have a water-retaining effect, but also can promote sand agglomeration, prevent sand from flowing, further strengthen the multifunctional plate and provide favorable conditions for vegetation growth.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical scheme of the present utility model and are not limiting; while the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: modifications may be made to the specific embodiments of the present utility model or equivalents may be substituted for part of the technical features thereof; without departing from the spirit of the utility model, it is intended to cover the scope of the utility model as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. A prevent wind sand fixation structure, its characterized in that: the multifunctional water retention layer comprises a degradable mulching film (1), a composite water retention layer (2) and a plant growth layer (3) which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein the composite water retention layer (2) comprises a deep layer (4) which is 20-30 cm deep, a shallow layer (5) which is 0-20 cm deep underground and a surface layer (6) above the ground, a water absorption net (7) is paved in the middle of the shallow layer (5), the water absorption net (7) is formed by paving SAF fiber water absorption cotton (8) with a mesh size of 25cm, the plant growth layer (3) is formed by selecting sheath micro-sheath algae and tooth rib erythro as initial sand fixation plants, the multifunctional plate (9) is composed of a PPS plate (10), water passing holes (11), a shading plate (14), stainless steel plates (12) and supporting plates (13), the middle of the PPS plate (10) is a continuous groove, two sides of the PPS plate are provided with middle grooves, the two sides of the groove are provided with water absorption net (7) are longer than the bottom of the hollow steel pipe (12), the water passing holes (12) are filled with the water passing holes (12) and the water passing through the hollow steel pipe (12) are filled with the water absorbing net (12) and the water absorbing net (12) is filled with the water absorbing net (12), the waterproof and waterproof integrated structure is characterized in that two ends of the waterproof net (7) are connected with SAF fiber waterproof cotton (8) at the bottom of the stainless steel pipe (12) through rope-shaped SAF fiber waterproof cotton (8), the light shielding plate (14) is arranged below the rear side of the water passing hole (11) of the PPS plate (10), the groove side of the PPS plate (10) is reversely arranged with the supporting plate (13), the groove face is arranged towards the south, and the multifunctional plate (9) is obliquely inserted into a sand to form an included angle of 40-60 degrees with the ground.
2. The wind-resistant sand-fixation structure of claim 1, wherein: the degradable mulching film (1) is a polylactic acid film paved at a position 30cm below the ground.
3. The wind-resistant sand-fixation structure of claim 1, wherein: the length of the PPS plate (10) is 1m, the height is 1.1m, and the thickness is 1-1.5 cm.
4. The wind-resistant sand-fixation structure of claim 1, wherein: 2-3 water holes (11) are arranged in each row, and the hole height is 3-5 cm.
5. The wind-resistant sand-fixation structure of claim 1, wherein: the stainless steel tube (12) is 50cm in height, and the lower end of the stainless steel tube is made into a sharp corner shape.
6. The wind-resistant sand-fixation structure of claim 1, wherein: the multifunctional plate (9) is paved from the east to west in a parallel manner, and the included angle between the multifunctional plate (9) and the bottom surface is vertical to the local solar elevation angle in the summer to the day.
7. The wind-resistant sand-fixation structure of claim 1, wherein: the interval of each row of multifunctional plates (9) in the north-south direction is 1m, and the width of the light shielding plate (14) is 1.5 times of the hole height of the water passing holes (11).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202322911033.9U CN221193275U (en) | 2023-10-30 | 2023-10-30 | Wind-proof sand-fixing structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202322911033.9U CN221193275U (en) | 2023-10-30 | 2023-10-30 | Wind-proof sand-fixing structure |
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| CN221193275U true CN221193275U (en) | 2024-06-21 |
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| CN202322911033.9U Active CN221193275U (en) | 2023-10-30 | 2023-10-30 | Wind-proof sand-fixing structure |
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2023
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