CN220895851U - Broadband millimeter wave antenna unit and array - Google Patents
Broadband millimeter wave antenna unit and array Download PDFInfo
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- CN220895851U CN220895851U CN202322870027.3U CN202322870027U CN220895851U CN 220895851 U CN220895851 U CN 220895851U CN 202322870027 U CN202322870027 U CN 202322870027U CN 220895851 U CN220895851 U CN 220895851U
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a broadband millimeter wave antenna unit and an array, wherein the broadband millimeter wave antenna unit is a dipole antenna fed by adopting a quasi-coaxial structure, and the bandwidth reaches 50% under the condition of two-dimensional scanning of 45 degrees. And the edge of the microstrip structure is provided with the metal column, so that the scanning bandwidth is effectively widened. The bandwidth of the broadband millimeter wave antenna unit provided by the utility model reaches 50%, the cross polarization is better than-55 dB, the scanning bandwidth is effectively widened, and the problem of narrower bandwidth of the conventional millimeter wave frequency band antenna is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of millimeter wave frequency band antennas, in particular to a broadband millimeter wave antenna unit and an array.
Background
In recent years, with rapid development of millimeter wave Duan Yuan devices, particularly solid-state devices, millimeter wave radars have been widely used. Compared with infrared rays, millimeter wave radar is less affected by climate and smoke; compared with a low-frequency radar, the millimeter wave radar has the advantages of higher spatial resolution, stronger anti-interference capability, better low elevation detection performance, small volume and light weight, and is widely applied to missile-borne platforms and automobile radars.
In millimeter wave band, the microstrip antenna has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, low cost, easy conformal with a platform and the like due to the fact that the space between antenna units is smaller because of higher frequency band, and the microstrip antenna is widely applied in millimeter wave band.
However, the narrower frequency band has been one of the main drawbacks of microstrip antennas. In recent years, researchers have made many studies in widening the bandwidth of microstrip antennas. The bandwidth widening technology of the microstrip antenna mainly comprises the following steps: 1. reducing the Q value of the antenna, such as increasing the thickness of the microstrip board, using a microstrip board with a smaller dielectric constant, loading a resistor, loading a metamaterial, etc.; 2. other resonant frequencies are introduced near the microstrip antenna band, such as adding parasitic patches, slotting on the antenna patches, adding special matching networks, etc.
These approaches increase antenna bandwidth to some extent, but can degrade performance or be difficult to implement in engineering in certain aspects of the antenna. If the loading resistor reduces the efficiency of the antenna, the metamaterial processing is difficult, and the slot worsens the cross polarization of the antenna.
Disclosure of utility model
Aiming at the problems of the background technology, the utility model aims to provide a broadband millimeter wave antenna unit and an array, which solve the problem of narrower bandwidth of a conventional millimeter wave frequency band antenna.
The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:
the first aspect of the present utility model provides a broadband millimeter wave antenna unit comprising:
Quasi-coaxial structures and microstrip structures;
the microstrip structure comprises a first microstrip board, a second microstrip board, a third microstrip board and a fourth microstrip board which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
wherein the quasi-coaxial structure is used for feeding the antenna;
the upper surface and the lower surface of the first microstrip board are respectively provided with a first dipole patch and a second dipole patch;
the lower surface of the fourth microstrip board is provided with a reflecting plate;
the edge of the microstrip structure is provided with a plurality of metal columns.
In the technical scheme, the broadband millimeter wave antenna unit is a dipole antenna fed by adopting a quasi-coaxial structure, and the bandwidth reaches 50% under the condition of two-dimensional scanning of 45 degrees. And the edge of the microstrip structure is provided with the metal column, so that the scanning bandwidth is effectively widened.
The bandwidth of the broadband millimeter wave antenna unit provided by the utility model reaches 50%, the cross polarization is better than-55 dB, the scanning bandwidth is effectively widened, and the problem of narrower bandwidth of the conventional millimeter wave frequency band antenna is solved.
In an alternative embodiment, the quasi-coaxial structure includes an inner conductor and an outer conductor, the inner conductor being located at a center of the quasi-coaxial structure, the outer conductor being distributed around the inner conductor, a geometric center of the outer conductor coinciding with a center of the inner conductor.
In an alternative embodiment, the inner conductor includes a first cylinder, the outer conductor includes 8 second cylinders, the radius of the first cylinder is R1, the radius of the second cylinder is R2, and the center distance between the first cylinder and any one of the second cylinders is RR.
In an alternative embodiment, both the inner conductor and the outer conductor are realized by means of metallized holes.
In an alternative embodiment, the first dipole patch is connected to the inner conductor by a circular structure having a radius R3 and the second dipole patch is connected to the outer conductor by a circular structure having a radius R4.
In an alternative embodiment, the first dipole patch and the second dipole patch each have a graded structure.
In an alternative embodiment, the azimuth plane edge of the microstrip structure is provided with a first metal pillar, and the elevation plane edge of the microstrip structure is provided with a second metal pillar.
In an alternative embodiment, the first metal pillar has a radius R5 and a height h1, and the second metal pillar has a radius R6 and a height h2.
In an alternative embodiment, the first metal pillar and the second metal pillar are each realized by means of metallized holes.
A second aspect of the present utility model provides a broadband millimeter wave antenna array comprising:
A plurality of broadband millimeter wave antenna units;
The broadband millimeter wave antenna units are distributed in a matrix.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. A quasi-coaxial structure is adopted for feeding, and the bandwidth reaches 50% under the condition of two-dimensional scanning of 45 degrees;
2. And the edge of the antenna unit is provided with a metal column, and the metal column is realized in a metallized hole mode, so that the scanning bandwidth is effectively widened.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the utility model and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the utility model and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the utility model. In the drawings:
Fig. 1 (a) is a schematic structural diagram of a wideband millimeter wave antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 1 (b) is a schematic structural diagram of a microstrip board according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 (a) is a schematic structural diagram of a quasi-coaxial structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 (b) is a top view of a quasi-coaxial structure provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 3 (a) is a front view of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 3 (b) is a right side view of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 3 (c) is a top view of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 4 is a standing wave of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
Fig. 5 (a) is a diagram of an azimuth plane of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
Fig. 5 (b) is a diagram of a pitching plane of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a wideband millimeter wave antenna array according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
Fig. 7 (a) is an azimuth plane lobe of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
Fig. 7 (b) is a top lobe of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model, the present utility model is described in detail in the following alternative embodiments with reference to the examples and the accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiment of the present utility model and the description thereof are only for explaining the present utility model and are not limited thereto.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 (a), 1 (b), 3 (a) and 3 (b), a broadband millimeter wave antenna unit includes:
The micro-strip structure comprises a first micro-strip plate, a second micro-strip plate, a third micro-strip plate and a fourth micro-strip plate which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
wherein the quasi-coaxial structure is used for feeding the antenna;
the upper surface and the lower surface of the first microstrip board are respectively provided with a first dipole patch and a second dipole patch;
the lower surface of the fourth microstrip board is provided with a reflecting plate;
the edge of the microstrip structure is provided with a plurality of metal columns.
It should be emphasized that the broadband millimeter wave antenna unit is a dipole antenna fed with a quasi-coaxial structure, and the bandwidth reaches 50% when scanning 45 ° in two dimensions. And the edge of the microstrip structure is provided with the metal column, so that the scanning bandwidth is effectively widened.
The bandwidth of the broadband millimeter wave antenna unit provided by the utility model reaches 50%, the cross polarization is better than-55 dB, the scanning bandwidth is effectively widened, and the problem of narrower bandwidth of the conventional millimeter wave frequency band antenna is solved.
In an alternative embodiment, the quasi-coaxial structure includes an inner conductor and an outer conductor, the inner conductor being located at a center of the quasi-coaxial structure, the outer conductor being distributed around the inner conductor, a geometric center of the outer conductor coinciding with a center of the inner conductor.
In an alternative embodiment, the inner conductor includes a first cylinder, the outer conductor includes 8 second cylinders, the radius of the first cylinder is R1, the radius of the second cylinder is R2, and the center distance between the first cylinder and any one of the second cylinders is RR.
In an alternative embodiment, both the inner conductor and the outer conductor are realized by means of metallized holes.
It should be noted that, the microstrip antenna feeding mode generally includes: microstrip line feeds, coupling feeds, coaxial feeds, etc. The microstrip line feeding mode generally has influence on the directional diagram and gain of the antenna, the coupling feeding mode generally has bandwidth not exceeding 15%, and the coaxial feeding mode has great processing difficulty in millimeter wave bands. While the principle and effect of a quasi-coaxial structure is similar to that of a coaxial structure, i.e. electromagnetic waves are transmitted between an inner conductor and an outer conductor. But the coaxial structure has great processing difficulty in the millimeter wave frequency band, and the quasi-coaxial structure is easy to process and has low cost. Therefore, in the present utility model, a quasi-coaxial structure is used to feed the antenna.
Quasi-coaxial structure referring to fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b), the quasi-coaxial structure for feeding the antenna is composed of an inner conductor and an outer conductor, the inner conductor is a cylinder, and is located in the middle of the quasi-coaxial structure; the outer conductor consists of 8 identical cylinders. The 8 cylinders of the outer conductor are uniformly distributed around the inner conductor, and the center of the circle of the inner conductor coincides with the geometric center of the outer conductor. The radius of the inner conductor of the quasi-coaxial structure is R1, the radius of the outer conductor is R2, and the interval between the center of the inner conductor and the center of the outer conductor is RR.
It is emphasized that the quasi-coaxial structure is a feed structure of the wideband millimeter wave antenna unit, which is realized by means of metallized holes, and is easy to process and low in cost.
In an alternative embodiment, the first dipole patch is connected to the inner conductor by a circular structure having a radius R3 and the second dipole patch is connected to the outer conductor by a circular structure having a radius R4.
In an alternative embodiment, the first dipole patch and the second dipole patch each have a graded structure.
It should be emphasized that, as shown in fig. 3 (c), the lengths of the first dipole patch and the second dipole patch are both W, the width of the junction between the first dipole patch and the inner conductor is L1, the width of one end of the first dipole patch far away from the inner conductor is L, a transition portion is provided between the two ends, and the width of the first dipole patch gradually transitions from L1 to L at the transition portion. The width of the junction of the second dipole patch and the outer conductor is L2, the width of one end of the second dipole patch far away from the outer conductor is L, a transition part is arranged between two ends, and the width of the second dipole patch in the transition part gradually transits from L2 to L.
In an alternative embodiment, the azimuth plane edge of the microstrip structure is provided with a first metal column, and the elevation plane edge of the microstrip structure is provided with a second metal column.
In an alternative embodiment, the first metal pillar has a radius R5 and a height h1, and the second metal pillar has a radius R6 and a height h2.
In an alternative embodiment, the first metal pillar and the second metal pillar are each realized by means of metallized holes.
It should be emphasized that the standing wave of the antenna unit is shown in fig. 4, wherein the solid line is a normal standing wave, the dotted line is a standing wave when the azimuth plane scans for 45 degrees, and the dash-dot line is a standing wave when the elevation plane scans for 45 degrees, so that it can be seen that the standing wave is below 2.3, i.e. the relative bandwidth reaches 50%, in the frequency range of 24-40 GHz in the case of two-dimensional scanning for 45 degrees.
The intermediate frequency antenna element lobe is shown in fig. 5, where fig. 5 (a) is an azimuth plane pattern and fig. 5 (b) is a elevation plane pattern. It can be seen from the figure that the antenna element lobes are wide and the cross-polarization level is below-55 dB.
The utility model also provides a broadband millimeter wave antenna array based on the broadband millimeter wave antenna unit, as shown in fig. 6, the broadband millimeter wave antenna array comprises:
The broadband millimeter wave antenna units are distributed in a matrix mode.
It should be emphasized that, as shown in fig. 6, the antenna array in this embodiment is a matrix array of 9 rows and 9 columns formed by 81 antenna elements, and the azimuth unit pitch is 4mm and the pitch unit pitch is 4mm.
The working frequency of the antenna formed by adopting the structure is 24-40 GHz, and the antenna is horizontally polarized.
Fig. 7 (a) and 7 (b) are intermediate frequency patterns of an antenna array, specifically, fig. 7 (a) is an azimuth plane lobe, fig. 7 (b) is a depression plane lobe, wherein a solid line in the figures is a main polarization pattern, and a broken line is a cross polarization pattern.
As can be seen from the graph, the main polarization gain of the antenna array provided by the utility model is 22.60dB, and the cross polarization level is-45.59 dB, so that the array cross polarization level is lower than-60 dB.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the utility model, and is not meant to limit the scope of the utility model, but to limit the utility model to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the utility model are intended to be included within the scope of the utility model.
Claims (10)
1. A broadband millimeter wave antenna unit, comprising:
Quasi-coaxial structures and microstrip structures;
the microstrip structure comprises a first microstrip board, a second microstrip board, a third microstrip board and a fourth microstrip board which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
wherein the quasi-coaxial structure is used for feeding the antenna;
the upper surface and the lower surface of the first microstrip board are respectively provided with a first dipole patch and a second dipole patch;
the lower surface of the fourth microstrip board is provided with a reflecting plate;
the edge of the microstrip structure is provided with a plurality of metal columns.
2. The wideband millimeter-wave antenna unit of claim 1, wherein said quasi-coaxial structure comprises an inner conductor and an outer conductor, said inner conductor being located at a center of said quasi-coaxial structure, said outer conductor being distributed around said inner conductor, a geometric center of said outer conductor coinciding with a center of said inner conductor.
3. The wideband millimeter wave antenna unit of claim 2, wherein said inner conductor comprises a first cylinder, said outer conductor comprises 8 second cylinders, said first cylinder has a radius R1, said second cylinder has a radius R2, and the center distance between said first cylinder and any one of said second cylinders is RR.
4. A wideband millimeter wave antenna unit according to claim 3, wherein said inner conductor and said outer conductor are each realized by means of metallized holes.
5. The wideband millimeter wave antenna unit of claim 2, wherein said first dipole patch is connected to said inner conductor by a circular configuration having a radius R3 and said second dipole patch is connected to said outer conductor by a circular configuration having a radius R4.
6. The wideband millimeter wave antenna unit of claim 5, wherein said first dipole patch and said second dipole patch each have a graded structure.
7. The broadband millimeter wave antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the azimuth plane edge of the microstrip structure is provided with a first metal pillar, and the elevation plane edge of the microstrip structure is provided with a second metal pillar.
8. The wideband millimeter wave antenna unit of claim 7, wherein said first metal pillar has a radius R5 and a height h1, and said second metal pillar has a radius R6 and a height h2.
9. The wideband millimeter-wave antenna unit of claim 7, wherein said first metal posts and said second metal posts are each implemented by way of metallized holes.
10. A broadband millimeter wave antenna array, comprising:
A plurality of wideband millimeter wave antenna elements as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9;
The broadband millimeter wave antenna units are distributed in a matrix.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202322870027.3U CN220895851U (en) | 2023-10-25 | 2023-10-25 | Broadband millimeter wave antenna unit and array |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202322870027.3U CN220895851U (en) | 2023-10-25 | 2023-10-25 | Broadband millimeter wave antenna unit and array |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN220895851U true CN220895851U (en) | 2024-05-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202322870027.3U Active CN220895851U (en) | 2023-10-25 | 2023-10-25 | Broadband millimeter wave antenna unit and array |
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| CN (1) | CN220895851U (en) |
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2023
- 2023-10-25 CN CN202322870027.3U patent/CN220895851U/en active Active
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