CN220894567U - Grating type rain and snow identifier - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a grating type rain and snow recognition instrument, which relates to the technical field of precipitation recognition and comprises the following components: a housing; the water bearing port is used for bearing precipitation; the conical snow bucket is used for containing solid precipitation, the large opening end of the snow bucket is connected with the water bearing opening, the bottom of the snow bucket is provided with a water outlet with the diameter of 0.3 cm, and at least three groups of light through holes are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged on the bucket wall; the optical grating is arranged on the inner wall of the shell, and the quantity and the positions of the light rays of the optical grating correspond to those of the light passing holes Cheng Xuetong; the electric heating device is arranged at the outer side of the barrel wall of the Cheng Xue barrel and is used for melting solid precipitation; the tipping bucket assembly is arranged below the water outlet of the Cheng Xue bucket; and the control assembly is used for being electrically connected with the optical grating, the tipping bucket assembly and the electric heating device. The device can realize the automation of identifying the precipitation category, has low cost and convenient installation, can solve the problems of high labor intensity and high labor cost of manual identification, and can also avoid the problem of high price of the existing precipitation identification equipment.

Description

Grating type rain and snow identifier

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of precipitation identification, in particular to a grating type rain and snow identification instrument.

Background

Precipitation refers to the condensation of water that falls from the sky to the surface of the earth, such as rain, snow, hail, rain, snow, etc. Wherein snow, hail, and rain and snow are solid precipitation. The rainfall observation work is responsible for the meteorological department and the hydrological department, and is one of the main work contents of the two departments, and the observation contents generally comprise two types of rainfall values and categories.

The rainfall observation instrument includes three kinds of rain gauge, tipping bucket rain gauge and solid state storage rain gauge. The solid-state storage type rainfall gauge is a currently commonly adopted instrument, has high automation degree, and can automatically complete rainfall observation without manual intervention. The observation of solid precipitation such as snow, hail and the like is mainly finished by manpower, firstly, the solid precipitation cannot be led into a metering device by itself, and the measurement value can be measured after the solid precipitation is melted even if the solid precipitation is led into the metering device; secondly, the type of solid precipitation is noted on the precipitation data according to the precipitation observation standard, and the existing rainfall observation instrument cannot complete the work. At present, snow melting type rain and snow gauges and weighing type rain gauges exist on the market, and can finish metering work of solid precipitation, but the type of instrument cannot identify the type of solid precipitation. The identification work still needs to be completed manually, so the identification work is not popularized and used. Weather phenomenon instruments can identify precipitation categories, but cannot be popularized due to excessive prices.

The manual observation of solid precipitation adopts a cylindrical snow barrel with the caliber of 20 cm, the solid precipitation such as snow, hail and the like is melted firstly, then poured into a measuring cup for measurement, and then the category is noted on precipitation information. The observation time hydrologic sector was 2 times daily, 8 hours and 20 hours, respectively, with 8 hours daily being the day demarcation time point. The meteorological department was 3 times per day, 8 hours, 14 hours and 20 hours per day, respectively, with 20 hours per day being the day demarcation time point.

Therefore, how to solve the problems of high labor cost, high labor intensity and the like caused by manual completion in precipitation identification work and the problem of expensive price and unfavorable popularization caused by the completion of existing equipment is a key technical problem to be solved by the technicians in the field.

Disclosure of utility model

The utility model aims to provide a grating type rain and snow recognition instrument which can solve the problems _. that the existing precipitation object recognition work is high in labor cost, high in labor intensity and expensive in existing equipment and is unfavorable for popularization, and a plurality of technical effects which can be produced by the preferred technical scheme in the technical schemes provided by the utility model are explained in detail below.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions:

the application provides a grating type rain and snow identifier, which comprises:

A housing;

The water bearing port is used for bearing precipitation and is arranged at the top of the shell;

The snow holding barrel is arranged below the water bearing port and connected with the water bearing port, the snow holding barrel is in a conical shape, the large opening end of the snow holding barrel is connected with the water bearing port, and the bottom end of the snow holding barrel is provided with a water outlet with the diameter of 0.3 cm. At least three groups of light through holes are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged on the wall of the snow accommodating barrel;

The optical grating is arranged on the inner wall of the shell, and the quantity and the positions of the light rays of the optical grating correspond to the light passing holes;

The electric heating device is arranged on the outer wall of the Cheng Xue barrel;

A tipping bucket assembly arranged below the water outlet;

The control assembly is used for being electrically connected with the optical grating, the tipping bucket assembly and the electric heating device.

Preferably, the optical grating comprises a plurality of groups of light emitting devices and light sensing devices, one light emitting device and one light sensing device generate one light for one group, and the grating is composed of a plurality of light rays. The light emitting device and the photosensitive device correspond to the light passing holes in number and positions in pairs, and the light emitting device and the photosensitive device are communicated with the control assembly.

Preferably, a temperature sensor is arranged on the outer wall of the snow barrel, and the temperature sensor is communicated with the control assembly.

Preferably, the top of the light-passing hole is provided with an inverted V-shaped hole eave.

Preferably, a light-passing tube is arranged between the photosensitive device and the light-passing hole, between the light-emitting device and the light-passing hole, and is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the Cheng Xue barrel.

Preferably, the included angle between the barrel wall of the snow barrel and the horizontal plane is larger than 45 degrees.

Preferably, the diameter of the water bearing mouth is 20 cm, the height is 10 cm, the height of the snow containing barrel is 36 cm, the diameter of the large mouth end is 20 cm, the included angle between the barrel wall of the snow containing barrel and the horizontal plane is 74.5 degrees, 5 groups of light through holes are formed, the distances between the 5 groups of light through holes and the bottom end of the snow containing barrel are 5 cm, 9.5 cm, 18 cm, 30 cm and 34 cm respectively, and the light through holes are used for enabling light of the optical grille to enter and pass through the snow containing barrel.

Preferably, an air temperature sensor for detecting the atmospheric temperature is arranged on the shell, and the air temperature sensor is communicated with the control assembly.

Preferably, a display screen is also included in communication with the control assembly.

Preferably, there are also solar panels and batteries that provide power to the control assembly, the optical grille and the electrical heating means.

The technical scheme provided by the application comprises the following beneficial effects:

The utility model provides a grating type rain and snow identifier, which comprises:

A housing;

The water bearing port is used for bearing precipitation, is arranged at the top end of the shell and comprises solid precipitation such as rainfall, snow, hail and the like;

the snow holding barrel is arranged below the water bearing opening and connected with the water bearing opening and is used for holding solid precipitation, the snow holding barrel is arranged into a cone shape so that the solid precipitation slides down to the barrel bottom along the barrel wall, the large opening end of the snow holding barrel is connected with the water bearing opening, the bottom end of the snow holding barrel is provided with a water outlet with the diameter of 0.3 cm, if the precipitation is rainwater, the rainwater can be automatically discharged from the water outlet of the snow holding barrel, and if the precipitation is solid precipitation, the solid precipitation can be accumulated at the barrel bottom due to the fact that the solid precipitation cannot be automatically discharged from the water outlet, wherein at least three groups of light through holes are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged on the barrel wall of the snow holding barrel.

The optical grating is arranged on the inner wall of the shell, the quantity and the positions of the optical grating light rays correspond to those of the light-passing holes, the optical grating is used for detecting whether solids exist in the snow barrel, and if the photosensitive device of the optical grating can receive the light rays emitted by the light-emitting device, the light rays can pass through the snow barrel smoothly, and no solids exist in the Cheng Xue barrel; otherwise, the light is blocked, which indicates that Cheng Xue barrels contain solid matters;

in order to detect whether the precipitation is rain, the device further comprises a tipping bucket assembly arranged below the water outlet of the snow containing bucket, and when the tipping bucket of the tipping bucket assembly turns over, an electric signal is generated and transmitted to the control assembly, so that the control assembly can judge that the precipitation is rain. Specifically, the skip assembly is a metering component of a skip type rain gauge. The tipping bucket type rain gauge is an existing instrument, and the core component of the tipping bucket type rain gauge is a tipping bucket. The tipping bucket assembly consists of a tipping bucket, a cross beam, a magnet, a Hall sensor (or a reed switch with the same function as the Hall sensor) and a bracket. The tipping bucket is divided into a left bucket chamber and a right bucket chamber, the middle of the tipping bucket is separated by a spacer, and the upper part of the bucket chamber is open so as to be convenient for receiving rainwater. The tipping bucket is arranged on the cross beam, and the installation direction is vertical to the cross beam and is similar to a teeterboard. Therefore, the tipping bucket always has a bucket chamber upwards, and can receive rainwater at any time in a natural state. The cross beam is arranged in the middle of the bracket. The magnet is installed in one side of the middle spacer of the tipping bucket, and the Hall sensor is installed above the bracket and is close to the magnet. When rainfall occurs, rainwater can be injected into the bucket chamber at the upper side of the tipping bucket, the bucket chamber is turned downwards under the action of gravity after being filled with water, the bucket chamber at the lower side can be lifted up to bear the rainwater upwards, and the turning principle is the same as that of the teeterboard. The magnet at the middle spacer also swings with the tipping bucket when the tipping bucket turns over, and the magnet passes through the Hall sensor when swinging, so that the Hall sensor is triggered to send out electromagnetic signals, and the control circuit can judge that the tipping bucket has turned over according to the electromagnetic signals. And finally determining the rain value through the turning times. The function of the tipping bucket assembly in the tipping bucket type rain gauge is metering, and the function in the instrument is judging whether the precipitation is rain or not, namely, once the tipping bucket turns over, the precipitation can be judged to be rain. Because only rainwater can be automatically injected into the tipping bucket and turned over, solid precipitation can only accumulate in the Cheng Xue bucket and cannot enter the tipping bucket by itself.

The electric heating device is arranged on the outer wall of the snow barrel and used for heating the snow barrel to melt solid precipitation in the barrel.

And the control assembly is used for being electrically connected with the optical grating, the tipping bucket assembly and the electric heating device.

The instrument utilizes the physical characteristics of precipitation, and uses the optical grating and the tipping bucket to identify the category of precipitation according to the principle that solid precipitation can shield light and rainwater can flow automatically. Specifically, when precipitation is rainfall or solid matter passes through light in the falling process, although the precipitation is possible to instantaneously shade the light, the phenomenon of shielding the light for a long time is avoided. Therefore, the instrument adopts static identification for solid precipitation, namely, firstly, a snow containing barrel is used for retaining the solid precipitation, the snow containing barrel is arranged into a cone shape, so that the solid precipitation can accumulate a larger volume under the condition of extremely small quantity, light rays can be shielded for a long time, a control assembly can obtain stable light ray shielded signals, and then the precipitation category is identified according to corresponding technical logic; the rainfall can flow to the tipping bucket assembly through the water outlet of the snow containing bucket, so the type of the rainfall can be judged through the electric signal generated by tipping bucket turning. Specifically, the method for identifying precipitation by the instrument comprises the following steps:

1. in a precipitation observation day, if the control component detects that the light of the optical grating is always smooth and the tipping bucket is not turned over, judging that no precipitation exists in the day;

2. In a precipitation observation day, if precipitation occurs, precipitation objects can enter the snow accommodating barrel through the water bearing port, the control component detects that light rays of the optical grating are blocked, the fact that the interior of the snow accommodating barrel is solid objects is indicated, then the control component starts the electric heating device to heat the snow accommodating barrel, the solid objects are discharged from the water outlet after being heated and melted, the light rays of the optical grating are restored to be smooth, and then heating is stopped. The control component judges that the solid precipitation is hail in summer and judges that the solid precipitation is snow in other seasons according to the process of light shielding, heating and melting and light unblocking.

3. In a precipitation observation day, if precipitation occurs, precipitation objects can enter the snow containing barrel through the water bearing port, the control component detects that the light rays of the optical grating are always smooth, but the tipping bucket turns over, and then the precipitation object in the day is judged to be rain. In order to distinguish tipping bucket turning caused by rainfall and tipping bucket turning caused by melted solid matters, the instrument sets tipping bucket turning during heating without rainfall treatment.

4. And in one precipitation observation day, if the control component detects that the precipitation is rainy and snowy, judging that the precipitation is rainy and snowy.

5. In order to avoid confusing snow and rain and snow when judging the type of precipitation, the instrument is set to stop heating after judging the precipitation as snow so as to prevent the precipitation at the later stage from being suddenly changed from snowfall to rainfall (the weather phenomenon belongs to rain and snow), and the instrument cannot judge whether the turning of the tipping bucket is caused by rainfall or snowfall, thereby causing observation errors. Meanwhile, in order to prevent continuous snowfall after heating is stopped, snow can enter the next observation day without treatment, so that observation errors are caused, the instrument is set to continuously heat the snow containing barrel until five paths of light rays are all smooth if light rays are detected for 30 minutes before entering the next observation day, and the heating time of 30 minutes is enough to melt solid precipitation fully loaded in the snow containing barrel, so that no precipitation is accumulated in the snow containing barrel when entering the next observation day.

6. In a precipitation observation day, if the control component detects that the light of the optical grating is blocked, the control component controls the heating component to heat for a certain time, the light still does not recover smoothly, and then the solid matters are judged to be foreign matters such as leaves and garbage, and the foreign matters need to be cleaned and removed.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of a grating type rain and snow discriminator according to an exemplary embodiment.

In the figure: 1. a water bearing port; 2. a snow barrel; 3. a housing; 4. an optical grille; 5. a dump assembly; 6. an electric heating device; 7. a temperature sensor; 8. a light emitting device; 9. a photosensitive device; 10. a light-transmitting hole; 11. an air temperature sensor; 12. a control assembly; 13. and (5) a light pipe.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more apparent, the technical solutions of the present utility model will be described in detail below. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, based on the examples herein, which are within the scope of the utility model as defined by the claims, will be within the scope of the utility model as defined by the claims.

The specific embodiment provides a grating type rain and snow recognition instrument, which solves the problems that labor intensity is high when manpower is used in the existing precipitation identification work, and the existing equipment is expensive and is not favorable for popularization.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. Furthermore, the embodiments shown below do not limit the summary of the utility model described in the claims. The whole contents of the constitution shown in the following examples are not limited to the solution of the utility model described in the claims.

Referring to fig. 1, the present utility model provides a grating type rain and snow recognition apparatus, comprising:

And a housing 3.

The water bearing mouth 1, the water bearing mouth 1 is used for bearing precipitation, is installed on the top of the shell 3, and the precipitation comprises solid precipitation such as rainfall, snow, hail, rain, snow, and the like.

The snow containing barrel 2 is arranged below the water bearing opening 1 and is connected with the water bearing opening 1, the snow containing barrel 2 is arranged in a conical shape so as to enable solid matters to slide down to the barrel bottom along the barrel wall, the bottom end of the snow containing barrel 2 is provided with a water outlet with the diameter of 0.3 cm, if the solid matters are rainwater, the rainwater can be automatically discharged from the water outlet, and if the solid matters are solid matters, the solid matters can be accumulated at the barrel bottom because the solid matters cannot be automatically discharged through the water outlet, wherein at least three groups of light through holes 10 are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged on the barrel wall of the snow containing barrel 2.

The optical grating 4 is arranged on the inner wall of the shell 3 and comprises a plurality of groups of light emitting devices and light sensing devices, wherein one group of light emitting devices and one group of light sensing devices generate one light, and the light grating is formed by a plurality of light. The number and the positions of the light rays of the optical grating 4 correspond to those of the light-passing holes 10, the optical grating 4 is used for detecting whether solids exist in the snow barrel 2, and if the light-sensitive device 9 of the optical grating 4 can receive the light rays emitted by the light-emitting device 8, the light rays can pass through the snow barrel smoothly, and no solids exist in the Cheng Xue barrel; otherwise, the light is blocked, which indicates that Cheng Xue barrels contain solid matters.

In order to detect whether the precipitation is rain, the device further comprises a tipping bucket assembly 5 arranged below the water outlet of the snow containing barrel 2, and when the tipping bucket of the tipping bucket assembly 5 turns, an electric signal is generated and transmitted to the control assembly 12, and the control assembly 12 can judge that the precipitation is rain according to the electric signal. Specifically, the skip bucket assembly 5 is a metering component of a skip bucket type rain gauge. The tipping bucket type rain gauge is an existing instrument, and the core component of the tipping bucket type rain gauge is a tipping bucket. The skip assembly 5 consists of a skip, a cross beam, a magnet, a hall sensor (or reed switch, which functions as the hall sensor) and a bracket. The tipping bucket is divided into a left bucket chamber and a right bucket chamber, the middle of the tipping bucket is separated by a spacer, and the upper part of the bucket chamber is open so as to be convenient for receiving rainwater. The tipping bucket is arranged on the cross beam, and the installation direction is vertical to the cross beam and is similar to a teeterboard. Therefore, the tipping bucket always has a bucket chamber upwards, and can receive rainwater at any time in a natural state. The cross beam is arranged in the middle of the bracket. The magnet is arranged on one side of the middle spacer of the tipping bucket, and the Hall sensor is arranged above the magnet. When rainfall occurs, rainwater can be injected into the bucket chamber at the upper side of the tipping bucket, the bucket chamber is turned downwards under the action of gravity after being filled with water, the bucket chamber at the lower side can be lifted up to bear the rainwater upwards, and the turning principle is the same as that of the teeterboard. The magnet at the middle spacer also swings with the tipping bucket when the tipping bucket turns over, and the magnet passes through the Hall sensor when swinging, so that the Hall sensor is triggered to send out electromagnetic signals, and the control circuit can judge that the tipping bucket has turned over according to the electromagnetic signals. And finally determining the rain value through the turning times. The function of the tipping bucket assembly 5 in the tipping bucket type rain gauge is metering, and the function in the instrument is judging whether the precipitation is rain or not, namely, once the tipping bucket turns over, the precipitation is judged to be rain. Because only rainwater can be automatically injected into the tipping bucket and turned over, solid precipitation can only accumulate in the Cheng Xue bucket and cannot automatically enter the tipping bucket.

And the electric heating device 6 is arranged on the outer side of the barrel wall of the snow barrel 2 and is used for heating the Cheng Xue barrel 2 to melt solid precipitation.

The control assembly 12, the control assembly 12 is used for being electrically connected with the optical grating 4, the tipping bucket assembly 5 and the electric heating device 6, wherein the model of the control assembly 12 is STM32, the control assembly 12 further comprises a data storage device and a data transmission device, the data storage device stores collected data in a local standby, and the data transmission device adopts a 4G internet of things card to remotely transmit the collected data to a computer.

The instrument utilizes the physical characteristics of precipitation, and uses the optical grating and the tipping bucket to identify the category of precipitation according to the principle that solid precipitation can shield light and rainwater can flow automatically. Specifically, when precipitation is rainfall or solid matter passes through light in the falling process, although the precipitation is possible to instantaneously shade the light, the phenomenon of shielding the light for a long time is avoided. Therefore, the instrument firstly uses the snow bucket to retain the solid precipitation, the snow bucket is arranged in a conical shape, so that the solid precipitation can accumulate a larger volume under the condition of a very small amount, light rays can be shielded for a longer time, the control component 12 can obtain stable light ray shielded signals, and then the precipitation category is identified according to corresponding technical logic; the rainfall can flow to the tipping bucket assembly through the water outlet of the snow containing bucket by itself to trigger the tipping bucket to turn over, so the type of the rainfall can be judged through the electric signals generated by turning over the tipping bucket. Specifically, the method for identifying precipitation by the instrument comprises the following steps:

1. In a precipitation observation day, if the control component 12 detects that the light of the optical grating is always smooth and the tipping bucket is not turned over, judging that no precipitation exists in the day;

2. In a precipitation observation day, if precipitation occurs, precipitation objects can enter the snow accommodating barrel through the water bearing port, the control component 12 detects that light rays of the optical grating are blocked, the fact that solid objects exist in the snow accommodating barrel is indicated, then the control component 12 starts the electric heating device to heat the snow accommodating barrel, the solid objects in the barrel are heated and melted and then are discharged from the water outlet, the light rays of the optical grating can be restored to be smooth, and then heating is stopped. The control component 12 determines that the solid precipitation is hail in summer and snow in other seasons according to the process of light shielding, heating and melting and light unblocking.

3. In a precipitation observation day, if precipitation occurs, precipitation enters the snow containing barrel through the water bearing port, the control component 12 detects that the light of the optical grating is always smooth, but the tipping bucket of the tipping bucket component turns over, and then the precipitation is judged to be rain in the day. In order to distinguish tipping bucket turning caused by rainfall and tipping bucket turning caused by melted solid matters, the instrument sets tipping bucket turning during heating without rainfall treatment.

4. If the control component 12 detects that both rain and snow are present in a precipitation observation day, the precipitation is determined to be rainy and snowy.

5. In order to avoid confusing snow and rain and snow when judging the type of precipitation, the instrument is set to stop heating after judging the precipitation as snow so as to prevent the precipitation at the later stage from being suddenly changed from snowfall to rainfall (the weather phenomenon belongs to rain and snow), and the instrument cannot judge whether the turning of the tipping bucket is caused by rainfall or snowfall, thereby causing observation errors. Meanwhile, in order to prevent continuous snowfall after heating is stopped, snow can enter the next observation day without treatment, so that observation errors are caused, the instrument is set to continuously heat the snow containing barrel until five paths of light rays are all smooth if light rays are detected for 30 minutes before entering the next observation day, and the heating time of 30 minutes is enough to melt solid precipitation fully loaded in the snow containing barrel, so that no precipitation is accumulated in the snow containing barrel when entering the next observation day.

6. If the control component 12 detects that the light of the optical grating is blocked but the light is still not restored to be smooth after heating in a precipitation observation day, the solid matters are judged to be foreign matters such as leaves, garbage and the like.

The utility model can accurately identify rain, snow, hail and rain and snow by static identification after accumulating solid matters. Dynamic identification refers to identification by the phenomenon that the solid is not accumulated and the light is blocked instantly when the solid passes through the light. However, in practice, the solid precipitation can not cause the instant blocking of light under most conditions, and the instant blocking of light can only be caused when the snow is big and dense, or the solid precipitation is hail, so that the dynamic identification of small, sparse or granulated sugar snow particles can not achieve the identification effect, and more importantly, the dynamic identification can not distinguish snow from rain and snow, so that the identification accuracy is very poor. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has reliable static identification result, high identification accuracy and good identification effect.

The optical grating of the present utility model is essentially a correlation photoelectric sensor, which is suitable for large angle barrel wall included angles. In other embodiments, diffuse reflection type photoelectric sensors may be used, and the purpose of identifying solid objects may be achieved.

In this embodiment, the optical grating 4 includes a plurality of groups of light emitting devices 8 and light sensing devices 9, one light emitting device 8 and one light sensing device 9 generate a light beam for a group, a plurality of light beams form a grating, the light emitting devices 8 and the light sensing devices 9 are electrically connected with the control component 12, the light emitting devices 8 and the light sensing devices 9 are respectively arranged on the inner wall of the housing 3, and the number and positions of the light emitting devices 8 and the light sensing devices 9 and the light passing holes 10 arranged in pairs correspond to each other. The optical grating 4 is not limited to the correlation type photoelectric sensor, and may be a diffuse reflection type photoelectric sensor.

In this embodiment, a temperature sensor 7 is disposed on an outer wall of the snow barrel 2, for detecting a barrel wall temperature of the snow barrel 2. The temperature sensor 7 is communicated with the control assembly 12, and a temperature constant value can be set on the control assembly 12. When the electric heating device heats the snow accommodating barrel, when the temperature sensor 7 detects that the temperature of the barrel wall of the snow accommodating barrel 2 reaches a constant temperature value, the control component 12 controls the electric heating device 6 to stop heating, so that the phenomenon that the barrel is burnt out of Cheng Xue due to overhigh temperature is avoided, meanwhile, the water melted in the snow accommodating barrel is prevented from evaporating, after the electric heating device stops heating, the temperature of the snow accommodating barrel is reduced along with the water, and when the temperature of the snow accommodating barrel is lower than the constant temperature value, the electric heating device is used for reheating, so that the temperature of the snow accommodating barrel is restored to the constant temperature value, and the cycle is performed until all solid matters in the snow accommodating barrel are melted. The constant temperature value defaults to 30 ℃, and can be set according to the requirements of the use unit.

In this embodiment, the inverted V-shaped hole eave is disposed at the top of the light-passing hole 10, so as to prevent precipitation from escaping from the light-passing hole 10, and also facilitate solid matters to slide to the bottom of the barrel, wherein the length of the hole eave is 1 cm.

In this embodiment, the light-transmitting tube 13 is disposed between the light-sensing device 9 and the light-transmitting hole 10, and between the light-emitting device 8 and the light-transmitting hole 10, and the light-transmitting tube 13 is fixedly disposed on the outer wall of the snow barrel, so that precipitation can be prevented from escaping from the light-transmitting hole 10.

In this embodiment, in order to enable the solid precipitation to slide to the bottom of the snow bucket 2, the included angle between the wall of the snow bucket 2 and the horizontal plane should be greater than 45 °, and the angle determines the height of the bucket, the positions and the number of the light holes. If different angles are adopted, the positions and the number of the light through holes 10 are required to be correspondingly adjusted, namely, the height of the barrel body of the snow barrel, the positions of the light through holes and the number are changed along with the change of the included angle of the barrel wall of the snow barrel.

The included angle of the barrel wall determines the height of the barrel body, the number of the light-transmitting holes and the positions of the light-transmitting holes, and if the included angle of the barrel wall is changed, other parameters are changed. In this example, the included angle of the barrel wall is set to be 74.5 degrees, and the diameter of the large opening end of the snow barrel 2 is 20 cm, and the height of the snow barrel 2 is 36 cm according to a trigonometric function formula, wherein 5 groups of light through holes 10 are arranged, and the distances between the 5 groups of light through holes 10 and the bottom end of the snow barrel 2 are 5 cm, 9.5 cm, 18 cm, 30 cm and 34 cm respectively. This is set by comprehensively considering the factors such as the density volume of snow, the hail particle size, the water dipping of the barrel wall and the like. The light through holes 10 are used for enabling light rays of the optical grating 4 to enter and pass through the snow containing barrel 2, the light emitting device 8 and the light sensing device 9 are respectively arranged on the inner wall of the shell 3 and correspond to the number and the positions of the light through holes 10, the light emitting device 8 and the light sensing device 9 are electrically connected with the control component 12, and if the light sensing device 9 can receive the light rays emitted by the light emitting device 8, the light rays are indicated to pass through the snow containing barrel smoothly, and no solid matters exist in the Cheng Xue barrel; otherwise, the light is blocked, which indicates that Cheng Xue barrels contain solid matters.

Specifically, when the five light rays of the optical grating 4 pass through the snow barrel 2, the five light rays are sequentially divided into a first light ray, a second light ray, a third light ray, a fourth light ray and a fifth light ray from bottom to top, and the volume formed by the horizontal plane of each light ray and the barrel bottom is respectively 10.3cm ³、67.2cm³、471.0cm³、2163.1cm³ and 3032.6cm ³ according to a conical volume formula. When the solid precipitation is snow, the density of the snow is between 0.04 and 0.1g/cm ³, and the snow volume formed by 0.1 millimeter equivalent of the snowfall in the 20 cm-caliber water bearing mouth 1 is between 30.1 and 74.0cm ³, so that the first light ray and even the second light ray can be shielded, and the larger the snow quantity is, the more the shielded light rays are. Because the function of this instrument is discernment precipitation class, does not involve the measurement, and the measurement work needs the rain gauge to accomplish, consequently in order to accomplish the discernment of precipitation and measurement work, this instrument is when using with the cooperation of snow melt formula rain and snow gauge, sets up the fifth light as full load early warning line. Currently, the water bearing port of the rain gauge on the market is generally 10 cm in height, 20 cm in diameter and 3140cm ³ in capacity, when the fifth ray is shielded, the snow accumulation volume is 3032.6cm ³, the snow contained in the water bearing port of the snow melting rain and snow gauge is about to be fully loaded, immediate treatment is needed, otherwise, the snow can overflow, and the observation error is caused. When the precipitation is hail, the diameter of the conical surface of the light through hole 10 at the position 5 cm and the position 9.5 cm away from the barrel bottom is 2.8 cm and 5.2 cm respectively, so that hail with the particle size below 5.2 cm can be accommodated, and even if hail with larger particle size is provided, the three rays at the upper part of the grating can also meet the observation requirement.

In this embodiment, an air temperature sensor 11 for detecting the atmospheric temperature is disposed on the outer wall of the casing 3, the air temperature sensor 11 is communicated with a control component 12, and the control component 12 can determine whether the solid precipitation is hail or snow according to the current air temperature. The default decision temperature value of the control module 12 is typically 10 ℃, i.e., when the air temperature is above 10 ℃, the solid precipitation is hail, and below 10 ℃, the solid precipitation is snow, because above 10 ℃, the air temperature will not fall snow. Wherein the determination temperature can be set according to the requirement of the use unit.

In this embodiment, a display screen is further included in communication with the control assembly 12, on which the operating parameters of the apparatus can be set and the operating states of the various components of the apparatus, such as the optical grating, the electric heating device, and the temperature sensor, can be displayed.

In this embodiment, there are also solar panels and batteries that provide power to the control assembly 12, the optical grille 4 and the electrical heating means 6.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

After the instrument is started, parameters such as a day demarcation time point, an intra-day observation time point, a continuous heating time period, a constant temperature of a temperature sensor and the like are set on a display screen, wherein the day demarcation time point and the intra-day observation time point are set according to the requirement of a using unit, the constant temperature value defaults to 30 ℃, the continuous heating time period defaults to 30 minutes, and the constant temperature value defaults to 30 minutes and can also be set according to the requirement of the using unit.

In embodiment 1, if the control module 12 detects that the light of the optical grating is always smooth during an observation day, and meanwhile, the tipping bucket arranged below the water outlet of the snow bucket is not turned over all the time, it is determined that there is no precipitation in the day.

In example 2, in the observation day, if precipitation occurs, precipitation enters the snow containing barrel from the water bearing port, the steep barrel wall can enable the precipitation to slide to the barrel bottom, and the inverted V-shaped hole eave is beneficial to the precipitation to slide without being retained and escape from the light through hole. If the precipitation is rain, the rain is discharged from the water outlet of the snow containing barrel; if the precipitation is solid, it will accumulate in Cheng Xue barrels and will not drain from the tiny water outlet at the bottom of the barrel. The solid precipitation of larger volume during this period may cause instantaneous interruption of the individual lines of the grating, but will not be blocked for a longer period of time, in which case the blocked signal received by the control assembly 12 is an irregular flash, and no treatment is done to such a flash signal. The solid precipitation, whether snow or hail, can shelter from the light of the optical grid when accumulating in Cheng Xue barrels, the control component 12 can receive the stable light and be sheltered signal, then the electric heating device is started to heat the snow containing barrels, during heating, the control component 12 controls the barrel wall temperature at a constant temperature through the temperature sensor, namely, when the temperature sensor detects that the barrel wall temperature is higher than a constant temperature value, the electric heating device stops working, and when the temperature is lower than the constant temperature value, the electric heating device is started again, and the reciprocating cycle is performed until the solid precipitation in the barrels is completely melted. The solid precipitation is discharged from the water outlet after being heated and melted, the light rays of the optical grating are immediately restored to be smooth, and the control assembly 12 stops the electric heating device after receiving the light ray smooth signal. Through this "light blocking-heating to melt-light unblocking" process, control assembly 12 may determine that the solid precipitation is hail in summer and snow in other seasons based on this process and seasons. No matter whether hail or snow is continuously reduced or not after the type of the precipitation is judged, the judging process is not executed any more until 30 minutes before the time point of day demarcation is reached, if solid precipitation is still in the barrel, namely, light is blocked, the control component 12 starts the electric heating device to melt and empty the precipitation, and no precipitation is ensured to be in the snow barrel when the next observation day is entered. Specifically, when the precipitation is snow, the snow sliding to the bottom of the snow accommodating barrel accumulates a larger volume when the precipitation is approximately 0.1mm equivalent, so that the first light is shielded, and then, if the precipitation is continued, the light above the snow accommodating barrel is sequentially shielded; if the precipitation is hail, the first light ray of the optical grating is not necessarily shielded due to different hail particle sizes, but one of the five light rays is always shielded. The control circuit is set to start the electric heating device to heat as long as any one of the five rays is blocked, and the type of the electric heating device is judged according to related technical logic.

In addition, because the seasons and climates are different in all places, according to the generation conditions of hail and snow, the air temperature can be used as the basis for judging that solid precipitation is snow or hail. Specifically, the solid precipitation may be hail when the air temperature is 10 ℃ or higher, and snow when the air temperature is 10 ℃ or lower. Because the snow fall does not occur at the temperature above 10 ℃, and hail does not occur at the temperature below 10 ℃. As to whether it is judged by the air temperature or the season, it is determined by the usage unit.

In example 3, in the event of precipitation, precipitation enters the snow barrel through the water bearing port on one observation day, the steep barrel wall can enable precipitation to slide to the barrel bottom, and the inverted V-shaped hole eave is beneficial to the precipitation to slide without being retained and escape from the light through hole. If precipitation is solid, it will accumulate in Cheng Xue barrels. If the precipitation is rain, the precipitation is automatically discharged from the water outlet of the snow bucket, so that the tipping bucket is triggered to turn over. In this case, the control unit 12 will detect that the light of the optical grating is always clear, but the tipping bucket turns over, so that it can be determined that the precipitation is rain on the present day. In order to distinguish tipping bucket turning caused by rainfall and tipping bucket turning caused by melted solid matters, the instrument sets tipping bucket turning during heating without rainfall treatment.

Embodiment 4, in an observation day, if precipitation occurs, determining that the precipitation is rain according to logic of precipitation, and determining that the precipitation is snow according to logic of determination of precipitation after a period of time; or firstly judging that the precipitation is snow according to the logic of judging the snowfall, and judging that the precipitation is rain according to the logic of the precipitation after a period of time, judging that the precipitation on the observation day is rain and snow by the control component 12. Because the hail is often accompanied with rainfall when the hail is dropped, the rainfall observation standard prescribes that when the hail appears in the precipitation, the precipitation is marked as hail on the day, so the rainfall condition is not considered when the precipitation is judged to be hail.

In embodiment 5, if the control component 12 detects that the light of the optical grating is blocked in an observation day, the light is still not recovered and unblocked after heating, and then the solid matters are determined to be foreign matters such as leaves, garbage and the like, and the solid matters need to be cleaned manually. The duration of heating for this instrument was set to 30 minutes, as the duration of heating for 30 minutes was sufficient to melt any solid precipitation fully loaded in the snow bucket. If the light is still not restored to be smooth after heating for 30 minutes, the instrument is not operated any more except for judging that foreign matters exist in the snow barrel, and the instrument is operated again after the light is restored to be smooth.

In addition, when the instrument works in cooperation with the rain gauge, when the fifth ray is shielded, the fact that the water bearing port of the rain gauge is about to be fully loaded is indicated, the instrument can give out an alarm, immediate treatment is needed, and otherwise, solid precipitation overflows to cause observation errors. If the use unit requires to empty the snow barrel before the daily observation time point (8 hours and 20 hours of the daily observation time hydrologic department and 8 hours, 14 hours and 20 hours of the daily weather department), the device can be set to empty the snow barrel 30 minutes before the daily observation time point, so that no precipitation exists in the barrel when entering the next observation time period.

It should be noted that, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. are used herein for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description herein, it should also be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," "coupled," and "connected," are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example, unless otherwise specifically indicated and defined; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood as appropriate by those of ordinary skill in the art.

The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present utility model, and the present utility model is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations or substitutions are within the scope of the present utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the present utility model shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

It is to be understood that the same or similar parts in the above embodiments may be referred to each other, and that in some embodiments, the same or similar parts in other embodiments may be referred to. The schemes provided by the application comprise the basic schemes of the schemes, are independent of each other and are not mutually restricted, but can be combined with each other under the condition of no conflict, so that a plurality of effects are realized together.

While embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the application, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the application.

Claims (10)

1. A grating type rain and snow identifier, comprising:

a housing (3);

The water bearing port (1), the water bearing port (1) is used for bearing precipitation, and is arranged at the top end of the shell (3);

The snow accommodating barrel (2), the snow accommodating barrel (2) is arranged below the water bearing opening (1) and is connected with the water bearing opening (1), the snow accommodating barrel (2) is arranged to be conical, the large opening end of the snow accommodating barrel (2) is connected with the water bearing opening (1), the bottom end of the snow accommodating barrel is provided with a water outlet with the diameter of 0.3 cm, and at least three groups of light through holes (10) are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged on the barrel wall of the snow accommodating barrel (2);

An optical grating (4), wherein the optical grating (4) is arranged on the inner wall of the shell (3), and the quantity and the positions of the light rays of the optical grating (4) correspond to those of the light passing holes (10);

the electric heating device (6) is arranged on the outer wall of the Cheng Xue barrel (2);

a tipping bucket assembly (5) arranged right below the water outlet;

And the control assembly (12) is electrically connected with the optical grating (4), the tipping bucket assembly (5) and the electric heating device (6).

2. The grating type rain and snow recognition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the optical grating (4) comprises a plurality of groups of light emitting devices (8) and light sensing devices (9), one group of light emitting devices (8) and one group of light sensing devices (9) generate a light beam, the light emitting devices (8) and the light sensing devices (9) are corresponding to the number and positions of the light passing holes (10) arranged in pairs, and the light emitting devices (8) and the light sensing devices (9) are communicated with the control assembly (12).

3. The grating type snow and rain identifier according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer wall of the snow barrel (2) is provided with a temperature sensor (7), and the temperature sensor (7) is communicated with the control assembly (12).

4. The grating type rain and snow recognition instrument according to claim 1, wherein the top of the light transmission hole (10) is provided with an inverted V-shaped hole eave.

5. The grating type rain and snow recognition instrument according to claim 2, wherein a light-passing tube (13) is arranged between the light-sensing device (9) and the light-passing hole (10), between the light-emitting device (8) and the light-passing hole (10), and the light-passing tube (13) is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the Cheng Xue barrel (2).

6. The grating type snow and rain identifier according to claim 1, characterized in that the included angle between the wall of the snow container (2) and the horizontal plane is larger than 45 °.

7. The grating type snow and rain identifier according to claim 6, wherein the diameter of the water bearing opening (1) is 20 cm, the height of the snow holding barrel (2) is 36 cm, the diameter of the large opening end is 20 cm, the included angle between the barrel wall of the snow holding barrel (2) and the horizontal plane is 74.5 degrees, the light passing holes (10) are provided with 5 groups, and the distances between the 5 groups of the light passing holes (10) and the bottom end of the snow holding barrel (2) are 5 cm, 9.5 cm, 18 cm, 30cm and 34 cm respectively, and the light passing holes (10) are used for enabling the light rays of the optical grating (4) to enter and pass through the snow holding barrel (2).

8. The grating type snow and rain identifier according to claim 1, wherein an air temperature sensor (11) for detecting the atmospheric temperature is arranged on the housing (3), and the air temperature sensor (11) is communicated with the control assembly (12).

9. The grating snow and rain identifier of claim 1 further comprising a display screen in communication with the control assembly (12).

10. The grating type snow and rain identifier according to claim 1, characterized by a solar panel and a battery for providing power to the control assembly (12), the optical grating (4) and the electric heating means (6).