CN106468779B - Dry-wet sedimentation sampler and sampling method - Google Patents
Dry-wet sedimentation sampler and sampling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106468779B CN106468779B CN201510514892.1A CN201510514892A CN106468779B CN 106468779 B CN106468779 B CN 106468779B CN 201510514892 A CN201510514892 A CN 201510514892A CN 106468779 B CN106468779 B CN 106468779B
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Abstract
The invention provides a dry-wet sedimentation sampler and a sampling method. The sampler includes: the upper collecting device is opened to the external environment at the upper part and is used for collecting dust fall and precipitation; the lower acquisition device is positioned below the upper acquisition device, communicated with the upper acquisition device and used for receiving dust fall and precipitation acquired by the upper acquisition device; a dust fall storage device connected to the lower collection device for collecting liquid in the lower collection device when the liquid level in the lower collection device falls to a first liquid level; a precipitation storage device connected to the lower collection device for collecting liquid in the lower collection device when the liquid level in the lower collection device rises to a second liquid level; the liquid level control device is positioned in the lower acquisition device and is used for sensing the liquid level in the lower acquisition device and controlling the liquid to flow to the dust fall storage device or the precipitation storage device according to the liquid level. According to the technical scheme, the method can efficiently collect sedimentation, has strong reliability and simple operation, and meets the radionuclide analysis requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radiation environment sedimentation sampling, in particular to a dry-wet sedimentation sampler and a sampling method.
Background
The dry and wet sediment in the air is an important monitoring project (the number of the annular engine [2012]16, the number of the annular nuclear design function [2014]10, the number of the GB 12379, the HJ/T61, the NB/T20246 and the like) regulated by radiation environment monitoring rules and standards in China, and the collection of the field sediment is a key step for realizing the radioactivity measurement. At present, continuous sampling is generally required for dry sedimentation, and total discharge, sr-90 and gamma nuclide analysis are carried out once in a quarter; precipitation requires that H-3, sr-90 and gamma nuclides be analyzed once a month or quarterly, as is necessary when it comes to rain (snow).
The dry and wet sedimentation collection function of the existing radiation environment sediment sampling device is basically independent. The dry sedimentation collection mainly comprises a dry method and a wet method, and the dry method collection is closest to the sedimentation process under the natural condition, so that dust fall secondary dust generation of the container cannot be avoided, and the dust collection efficiency is low; the dust collection efficiency of the wet method collection is high, but water needs to be added regularly, and the operation is complex. The collection of wet subsidence needs to heat in snowfall and hail sample collection process, needs to keep warm and store the precipitation sample below zero simultaneously, still needs to connect outer electricity and power consumption is great. In the aspect of switching dry and wet sedimentation functions, short-circuit electric signals or optical signals or lever type spring contact pieces are generally utilized to sense precipitation, and the switching of the dry and wet sedimentation acquisition functions is finished by means of translation or overturning actions of an acquisition barrel cover, so that the misoperation rate is high or the sensitivity is poor after long-term use. In addition, the sampling amount of the dry and wet sediments in the radiation environment should also meet the requirements of radionuclide analysis, for example, for the measurement of Sr-90 in precipitation, the phosphoric acid extraction chromatography method requires that the water sample is not lower than 40L. In particular, in areas with dry weather and less precipitation, the sampling amount of the conventional radiation environment dry and wet precipitation sampling device per month or quarterly cannot meet the radionuclide analysis requirement, and the samples in the month or quarterly can only be measured in the following month or the next quarter.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a radiation environment dry-wet sedimentation sampler which has high collection efficiency, strong reliability, simple operation and meets the radionuclide analysis requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a dry-wet sedimentation sampler and a corresponding sedimentation sampling method, so as to realize sedimentation sampling with high dust collection efficiency, simple operation, convenient preservation of a precipitation sample below zero degree and stable performance of a dry-wet sedimentation function switching device, thereby meeting the collection requirements of dust fall and precipitation in air in radiation environment monitoring work.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a wet and dry sedimentation sampler for collecting dust and precipitation in an external environment, the sampler comprising: the upper collecting device is opened to the external environment at the upper part and is used for collecting dust fall and precipitation; the lower acquisition device is positioned below the upper acquisition device, communicated with the upper acquisition device and used for receiving dust fall and precipitation acquired by the upper acquisition device; a dust fall storage device connected to the lower collection device for collecting liquid in the lower collection device when the liquid level in the lower collection device falls to a first liquid level; a precipitation storage device connected to the lower collection device for collecting liquid in the lower collection device when the liquid level in the lower collection device rises to a second liquid level; the liquid level control device is positioned in the lower acquisition device and is used for sensing the liquid level in the lower acquisition device and controlling the liquid to flow to the dust fall storage device or the precipitation storage device according to the liquid level.
Preferably, the dry-wet sedimentation sampler further comprises a wet dust collection device, which is positioned inside the upper collection device and is used for collecting the dust falling into the upper collection device in a wet way. The wet dust collecting device may include a rotary sprayer and a dust falling brush. It is further preferred that the wet and dry sedimentation sampler further comprises a water tank for supplying water to the rotary sprayer and heating means for heating the water tank. The dry-wet sedimentation sampler can further comprise a heat preservation pipe network, wherein the heat preservation pipe network is connected to the water tank, and hot water from the water tank circularly flows to preserve heat of the upper collection device, the lower collection device, the dust fall storage device and the precipitation storage device.
Preferably, the liquid level control means comprises a float level gauge.
Preferably, the wet and dry sedimentation sampler further comprises a solar panel and a storage battery for providing thermal energy and electrical energy. The wet and dry sedimentation sampler may further comprise a heating device for heating the upper collecting device.
Preferably, the wet and dry sedimentation sampler further comprises an overflow valve having one end connected to an upper portion of the precipitation storage device and the other end opening to the outside of the sampler.
Preferably, the wet and dry sedimentation sampler further comprises a shield for preventing foreign substances or animals from entering the sampler.
Preferably, the wet and dry sedimentation sampler further comprises a control device, wherein the control device comprises a temperature control unit, a hydraulic control unit, a time control unit, a humidity sensor, a microprocessor, a valve, a water pump and a rotary sprayer control circuit.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a dry-wet sedimentation sampling method for dry-wet sedimentation sampling using the aforementioned dry-wet sedimentation sampler, the sampling method comprising the steps of: the upper collecting device collects dust fall and precipitation; the dust fall and the precipitation collected by the upper collection device flow into the lower collection device; when the liquid level control device senses that the liquid level in the lower acquisition device rises to the second liquid level, the liquid in the lower acquisition device flows into the precipitation storage device; when the liquid level control device senses that the liquid level in the lower acquisition device is reduced to the first liquid level, the liquid in the lower acquisition device flows into the dust fall storage device.
Preferably, after the liquid in the lower collection device flows into the dust fall storage device, the dust fall falling into the upper collection device is collected by a wet method.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the advantages of high-efficiency collection and sedimentation, strong reliability, simplicity in operation and capability of meeting the radionuclide analysis requirements. Specifically, the invention utilizes the upper and lower collecting devices and the valve to integrate the precipitation and dust collection units. The invention adopts a wet method to collect dust and uses the rotary sprayer and the dust-settling brush to clean the dust-settling sample regularly, thereby obviously improving the dust-collecting efficiency and having simple operation. The invention uses the floating ball liquid level device to sense the liquid level in the lower acquisition device as the judgment of the precipitation condition, avoids the translation or turnover action of the acquisition barrel cover, and has high sensitivity and high reliability. The invention utilizes the solar panel and the storage battery to provide heat energy and electric energy, and is convenient for field use. The invention is provided with the protective cover, can prevent impurities from entering the sample storage container, and can also effectively prevent birds from drinking water.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dry-wet sedimentation sampler according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a dry-wet sedimentation sampling method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wet and dry sedimentation sampler according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a rotary sprinkler according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection of an upper acquisition device and a lower acquisition device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a control device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to designate the same or similar parts.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
In the following description, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example," "an example," etc., indicate that the embodiment or example so described may include a particular feature, structure, characteristic, property, element, or limitation, but every embodiment or example does not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, characteristic, property, element, or limitation. In addition, repeated use of the phrase "in one embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may.
Certain features have been left out of the following description for simplicity, which are well known to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 shows a wet and dry sedimentation sampler 100 for collecting dust and precipitation in an external environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The wet and dry sedimentation sampler 100 includes an upper collection device 102, a lower collection device 104, a dust fall storage device 106, a precipitation storage device 108, and a liquid level control device 105.
The upper part of the upper collection device 102 is opened to the outside environment for collecting dust and precipitation. A wet dust collection device may be disposed inside the upper collection device 102, for wet collection of dust falling into the upper collection device 102. The wet dust collecting device may include a rotary sprayer and a dust falling brush.
The lower collection device 104 is located below the upper collection device 102 and is in communication with the upper collection device 102, and is configured to receive dust fall and precipitation collected by the upper collection device 102.
A dust fall storage device 106 is connected to the lower collection device 104 for collecting liquid in the lower collection device 104 when the liquid level in the lower collection device 104 falls to a first liquid level.
A precipitation storage device 108 is connected to the lower collection device 104 for collecting liquid in the lower collection device 104 when the liquid level in the lower collection device 104 rises to a second liquid level. The second liquid level is higher than the first liquid level. The wet and dry sedimentation sampler 100 may comprise an overflow valve with one end connected to the upper part of the precipitation storage device 108 and the other end leading to the outside of the sampler 100.
A liquid level control device 105 is located in the lower collection device 104 for sensing the liquid level in the lower collection device 104 and in turn controlling the flow of liquid to either the dust fall storage device 106 or the precipitation storage device 108. The level control device 105 may include a float level gauge or the like.
The wet and dry sedimentation sampler 100 may further include a water tank for supplying water to the rotary sprayer, and a heating device for heating the water tank and also heating the upper collecting device. The wet and dry sedimentation sampler 100 may further comprise a heat preservation pipe network connected to the water tank, wherein the hot water from the water tank flows circularly for preserving heat of the upper collection device 102, the lower collection device 104, the dust fall storage device 106, and the precipitation storage device 108.
The wet and dry sedimentation sampler 100 may further include a solar panel and a storage battery for providing heat energy and electric energy.
The wet and dry sedimentation sampler 100 may further include a shield for preventing foreign substances or animals from entering the sampler.
The wet and dry sedimentation sampler 100 may further include a control device including a temperature control unit, a hydraulic control unit, a time control unit, a humidity sensor, a microprocessor, and valve, water pump, and rotary sprinkler control circuits.
Fig. 2 illustrates a dry-wet sedimentation sampling method using the dry-wet sedimentation sampler 100 illustrated in fig. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In step S202, the upper collection device 102 collects dust fall and precipitation.
In step S204, the dust and precipitation collected by the upper collection device 102 flows into the lower collection device 104.
In step S206, when the liquid level control device 105 senses that the liquid level in the lower collection device 104 is raised to the second liquid level, the liquid in the lower collection device 104 is caused to flow into the precipitation storage device 108.
In step S208, when the liquid level control device 105 senses that the liquid level in the lower collection device 104 falls to the first liquid level, the liquid in the lower collection device 104 is caused to flow into the dust fall storage device 106.
In a preferred embodiment, the liquid in lower collection device 104 flows into dust storage device 106 before the dust falling into upper collection device 102 is collected by a wet process.
Next, a dry and wet sedimentation sampler according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described as shown in fig. 3. The dry and wet sedimentation sampler for the radiation environment comprises an upper collecting bucket 1, a dust falling brush 2, a rotary sprayer 3, a lower collecting bucket 4, a floating ball liquid level device 5, a dust falling storage bottle 6, a precipitation storage device 7, a water tank 8, a control device 9, a solar panel 10, a solar heating device 11, a three-way valve 12, a precipitation collecting valve 13, an overflow valve 14, a dust falling collecting valve 15, a multi-way valve 16, a water tank control valve 17 and a heat preservation pipe network 18; the upper collecting hopper 1, the lower collecting hopper 4 and the rotary sprayer 3 are connected through a flange 19, the rotary sprayer 3 is connected with the dust falling brush 2, the dust falling brush 2 is positioned at the inner side of the upper collecting hopper 1, and the floating ball liquid level device 5 is arranged in the lower collecting hopper 4; the control device 9 is connected with the dust falling brush 2, the floating ball liquid level device 5, the water tank 8, the solar panel 10, the solar heating device 11 and the valves 12-17; the solar heating device 11 is used for preserving heat of the water tank 8, the water tank 8 is connected with the heat preservation pipe network 18, and the heat preservation pipe network 18 is used for preserving heat of the upper collection hopper 1, the lower collection hopper 4, the dust fall storage bottle 6 and the precipitation storage device 7; the solar panel 10 charges the storage battery 20, the electric heating sleeve 21 is arranged on the outer side of the upper collection bucket 1, and the electric heating sleeve 21 can electrically heat the upper collection bucket 1 through the storage battery 20 or an external power supply; the water tank 8 supplies the rotary sprayer 3 with spray water through the water pump 22, and simultaneously supplies the heat-insulating pipe network 18 with circulating hot water.
The precipitation storage device 7 is a sectional type storage device, and the overflow valve 14 is connected with the multi-way valve 16 on the precipitation collecting pipe line in parallel, so that overflow in heavy rain can be effectively prevented. The storage battery 20 matched with the solar power generation panel 10 can also be connected with an external power supply for charging.
During precipitation, the liquid level in the lower collection bucket 4 gradually rises, an upper liquid level switch of the floating ball liquid level device 5 is triggered, the control device 9 controls the precipitation collection valve 13 to be opened, and precipitation is collected into the precipitation storage device 7 through the upper collection bucket 1 and the lower collection bucket 4 successively.
When the precipitation stops, the liquid level in the lower collection bucket 4 gradually descends along with evaporation, the precipitation collection valve 13 is closed, when the liquid level descends to a certain degree, the lower liquid level switch signal of the floating ball liquid level device 5 is triggered, the precipitation collection valve 15 is opened, and the precipitation collected by the wet method in the lower collection bucket 4 is stored in the precipitation storage bottle 6. Subsequently, the control device 9 controls the dust collection valve 15 to be closed, the rotary sprayer 3 and the dust brush 2 are started successively, the rotary sprayer 3 sprays a certain amount of water to the upper collection bucket 1, the dust brush 2 is rotated for a plurality of weeks later, the dust on the side wall of the upper collection bucket 1 is collected into the lower collection bucket 4 through a wet method, the water level in the lower collection bucket 4 reaches a certain height again, and the wet collection of dust samples is continued.
Details of the rotary sprinkler 3 of the preferred embodiment are described below, as shown in fig. 4. The rotary sprayer 3 consists of a gear 3-1, a spraying unit 3-2, a fixed shaft 3-4 and a protective cover 3-5, wherein the gear 3-1 is connected with a control device 9, the spraying unit 3-2 is connected with a water tank 8 through a water tank control valve 17, the spraying unit 3-2 is provided with a plurality of spraying holes 3-3, the fixed shaft 3-4 penetrates through a rotary sprayer base 3-6, the gear 3-1 and the spraying unit 3-2, a floating ball liquid level device 5 is vertically arranged on the fixed shaft 3-4, and the protective cover 3-5 is a stainless steel grid.
The connection of the upper collecting bucket 1, the lower collecting bucket 4 and the rotary sprinkler 3 of the preferred embodiment is described next, as shown in fig. 5. The upper collecting bucket screw hole 1-1 is connected with the lower collecting bucket screw hole 4-1 through a bolt 23, the rotary sprayer base 3-6 is connected with the upper collecting bucket 1 through threads, and the lower collecting bucket 4 is a transparent container with scales so as to observe the liquid level height in the lower collecting bucket 4.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of the control device 9 of the preferred embodiment. The control device 9 comprises a temperature control unit 9-1, a hydraulic control unit 9-2, a time control unit 9-3, a humidity sensor 9-4, a microprocessor 9-5, a valve, a water pump and a rotary sprayer control circuit 9-6, wherein the temperature control unit 9-1 starts corresponding heating and heat preservation measures according to the temperatures of the upper collection bucket 1, the lower collection bucket 4, the water tank 8, the dust fall storage bottle 6 and the precipitation storage device 7, the hydraulic control unit 9-2 controls the rotary sprayer 3, the dust fall collecting valve 15 and the precipitation collecting valve 13 according to trigger signals of the floating ball liquid level device 5, the time control unit 9-3 can set sampling time, meanwhile, the starting frequency of the rotary sprayer 3 and the dust fall brush 2 can be set, and the humidity sensor 9-4 can be used as an auxiliary condition for judging whether precipitation is caused by measuring the humidity of air near the ground.
By the dry-wet sedimentation sampler and the sampling method, the precipitation and dust fall collecting units are integrated, the occupied volume of the sample collecting unit is reduced, and meanwhile, the translation or overturning action of the collecting barrel cover is avoided. The wet method is adopted to collect dust, and the rotary sprayer and the dust brush are used for cleaning dust samples regularly, so that the dust collection efficiency is remarkably improved. The floating ball liquid level device is utilized to sense the liquid level in the lower collection bucket, and the liquid level is used as judgment of precipitation conditions, so that the sensitivity is high and the reliability is high. The solar panel and the storage battery are utilized to provide heat energy and electric energy, so that the solar energy storage battery is convenient to use in the field. The lower collection hopper is provided with a protective cover, so that impurities can be prevented from entering the sample storage container, and birds can be effectively prevented from drinking water. The overflow valve is installed to precipitation storage device, can effectively prevent overflow under the heavy rain condition.
The above description is only an example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A wet and dry sedimentation sampler for collecting dust and precipitation in an external environment, comprising:
the upper collecting device is opened to the external environment at the upper part and is used for collecting dust fall and precipitation;
the lower acquisition device is positioned below the upper acquisition device and is communicated with the upper acquisition device, dust and precipitation acquired by the upper acquisition device flow into the lower acquisition device, and the lower acquisition device is used for receiving the dust and precipitation acquired by the upper acquisition device;
a dust fall storage device connected to the lower collection device for collecting liquid in the lower collection device when the liquid level in the lower collection device falls to a first liquid level;
a precipitation storage device connected to the lower collection device for collecting liquid in the lower collection device when the liquid level in the lower collection device rises to a second liquid level;
the liquid level control device is positioned in the lower acquisition device and is used for sensing the liquid level in the lower acquisition device, controlling the liquid in the lower acquisition device to flow into the precipitation storage device if the liquid level control device senses that the liquid level in the lower acquisition device rises to the second liquid level, and controlling the liquid in the lower acquisition device to flow into the dust fall storage device if the liquid level in the lower acquisition device is sensed to fall to the first liquid level.
2. The dry-wet sedimentation sampler of claim 1 and further comprising: the wet dust collecting device is positioned in the upper collecting device and is used for collecting dust falling into the upper collecting device in a wet way.
3. The dry-wet sedimentation sampler of claim 2, wherein the wet dust collection device comprises a rotary sprayer and a dust brush.
4. The wet and dry sedimentation sampler of claim 1 wherein the liquid level control device comprises a float level device.
5. The wet and dry sedimentation sampler of claim 1 further comprising a solar panel and a battery for providing thermal and electrical energy.
6. The wet and dry sedimentation sampler of claim 1 further comprising an overflow valve connected at one end to an upper portion of the precipitation storage device and at the other end to the outside of the wet and dry sedimentation sampler.
7. A wet and dry sedimentation sampler according to claim 3 further comprising a water tank for supplying water to the rotary sprayer and heating means for heating the water tank.
8. The dry-wet sedimentation sampler of claim 7 further comprising a heat preservation pipe network connected to the water tank, wherein hot water from the water tank is circulated for preserving the heat of the upper collection device, the lower collection device, the dust fall storage device, the precipitation storage device.
9. The dry-wet sedimentation sampler of claim 1 or 5 further comprising heating means for heating the upper collection means.
10. The dry-wet sedimentation sampler of claim 1 further comprising a shield for preventing external impurities or animals from entering the dry-wet sedimentation sampler.
11. The dry-wet sedimentation sampler of claim 1 further comprising a control device comprising a temperature control unit, a hydraulic control unit, a time control unit, a humidity sensor, a microprocessor, and valve, water pump, and rotary sprinkler control circuitry.
12. A dry-wet sedimentation sampling method using the dry-wet sedimentation sampler according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by comprising the steps of:
the upper collecting device collects dust fall and precipitation;
the dust fall and the precipitation collected by the upper collection device flow into the lower collection device;
when the liquid level control device senses that the liquid level in the lower acquisition device rises to the second liquid level, the liquid in the lower acquisition device flows into the precipitation storage device;
when the liquid level control device senses that the liquid level in the lower acquisition device is reduced to the first liquid level, the liquid in the lower acquisition device flows into the dust fall storage device.
13. The dry-wet sedimentation sampling method according to claim 12, wherein the liquid in the lower collecting device flows into the dust fall storage device, and the dust fall falling into the upper collecting device is collected by a wet method.
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| CN109618723A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-04-16 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | A kind of device and method for studying plant wet deposition translocation factor |
| CN112903369A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 杭州绿洁环境科技股份有限公司 | Online wet settlement collection long-distance collection and sample separation system |
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