CN220367943U - Flow distribution structure, fuel cell and vehicle - Google Patents
Flow distribution structure, fuel cell and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN220367943U CN220367943U CN202321939916.4U CN202321939916U CN220367943U CN 220367943 U CN220367943 U CN 220367943U CN 202321939916 U CN202321939916 U CN 202321939916U CN 220367943 U CN220367943 U CN 220367943U
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- distribution
- flow
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- reaction
- outlet
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a flow distribution structure, a fuel cell and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of new energy vehicles, wherein the flow distribution structure comprises an inlet distribution area, a reaction area and an outlet distribution area which are sequentially in fluid communication, and fluid flows into the reaction area from the inlet distribution area and flows out from the outlet distribution area; the cross-sectional area of the flow passage from one end far away from the reaction zone to the inlet distribution zone at one end communicated with the reaction zone is gradually increased, and the cross-sectional area of the flow passage from one end communicated with the reaction zone to the outlet distribution zone at one end far away from the reaction zone is gradually decreased, so that the pressure drop of the inlet distribution zone can be reduced, the pressure drop of the outlet distribution zone can be increased, the pressure drop difference between the inlet distribution zone and the outlet distribution zone can be further reduced, the problem of poor flow uniformity caused by fluid consumption in the reaction zone can be solved, uniform flow distribution is facilitated, and the flow distribution method is particularly suitable for the flow distribution of the fuel cell reaction gas.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of new energy vehicles, in particular to a flow distribution structure, a fuel cell and a vehicle.
Background
When the fuel cell is in operation, hydrogen and air flow in the two-cavity flow channels of the bipolar plate, and the structural design ensures that the flow rate of each flow channel is as uniform as possible, so that the electrochemical performance of the fuel cell is ensured to be stable. Each flow channel of the bipolar plate may be divided into an inlet distribution section, a reaction section and an outlet distribution section, see fig. 1, flowing from different flow channels in an ideal caseThe total pressure drop at that time is the same, namely: deltaP 11 +△P 12 +△P 13 ＝△P 21 +△P 22 +△P 23 Thus, if the pressure drop in the inlet distribution section and the pressure drop in the outlet distribution section of each flow channel are equal, the reaction section pressure drop is equal for each flow channel, and thus the flow rates are the same for each flow channel. However, the reaction zone consumes gas, especially hydrogen for the anode, which in turn results in a much larger pressure drop at the inlet distribution than at the outlet distribution, i.e.: deltaP 11 ＞＞△P 23 ，△P 21 ＞△P 13 Further, deltaP may be caused 12 ＞△P 22 This results in poor flow uniformity in the reaction zone of each flow channel.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a flow distribution structure, a fuel cell and a vehicle, so as to solve the technical problem of poor flow distribution uniformity in the prior art.
In a first aspect, the present utility model provides a flow distribution structure, including: an inlet distribution zone, a reaction zone, and an outlet distribution zone;
the inlet distribution area, the reaction area and the outlet distribution area are sequentially in fluid communication, so that fluid flows into the reaction area from the inlet distribution area and flows out from the outlet distribution area;
the cross-sectional area of the flow passage of the inlet distribution area increases progressively from one end away from the reaction area to one end communicated with the reaction area;
the cross-sectional area of the flow passage of the outlet distribution area decreases from one end communicated with the reaction area to one end away from the reaction area.
With reference to the first aspect, the present utility model provides a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the inlet distribution area includes a plurality of inlet distribution channels spaced apart from each other, the reaction area includes a plurality of reaction channels spaced apart from each other, and the outlet distribution area includes a plurality of outlet distribution channels spaced apart from each other;
the inlet distribution flow channels are communicated with the reaction channels in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the reaction channels are communicated with the outlet distribution flow channels in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the cross-sectional area of the inlet distribution runner increases gradually from one end away from the reaction channel to one end communicated with the reaction channel;
the cross-sectional area of the outlet distribution flow channel decreases from one end communicated with the reaction channel to one end away from the reaction channel.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present utility model provides a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the inlet distribution flow channel communicated via the reaction channel is symmetrical to the outlet distribution flow channel.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present utility model provides a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a ratio of an opening area of the inlet flow end to an opening area of the outlet flow end of each of the inlet distribution channels is 1/3 to 1/2.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present utility model provides a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a ratio of an opening area of the inlet end to an opening area of the outlet end of each of the outlet distribution channels is 2-3.
With reference to the first aspect, the present utility model provides a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the inlet distribution area, the reaction area and the outlet distribution area are sequentially arranged along the x direction;
the inlet end of the inlet distribution area is biased towards one end in the y direction, and the outlet end of the outlet distribution area is biased towards the other end in the y direction, so that the inlet distribution area and the outlet distribution area are centrally symmetrical.
In a second aspect, the present utility model provides a fuel cell comprising a bipolar plate provided with the flow distribution structure of the first aspect.
With reference to the second aspect, the present utility model provides a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, wherein the flow distribution structure is disposed on an anode side of the bipolar plate.
In a third aspect, the present utility model provides a vehicle equipped with the fuel cell according to the second aspect.
The embodiment of the utility model has the following beneficial effects: the flow distribution structure comprises an inlet distribution area, a reaction area and an outlet distribution area which are sequentially in fluid communication, wherein fluid flows into the reaction area from the inlet distribution area and flows out from the outlet distribution area; the cross-sectional area of the flow passage from one end far away from the reaction zone to the inlet distribution zone at one end communicated with the reaction zone is gradually increased, and the cross-sectional area of the flow passage from one end communicated with the reaction zone to the outlet distribution zone at one end far away from the reaction zone is gradually decreased, so that the pressure drop of the inlet distribution zone can be reduced, the pressure drop of the outlet distribution zone can be increased, the pressure drop difference between the inlet distribution zone and the outlet distribution zone can be further reduced, the problem of poor flow uniformity caused by fluid consumption in the reaction zone can be solved, uniform flow distribution is facilitated, and the flow distribution method is particularly suitable for the flow distribution of the fuel cell reaction gas.
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present utility model more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the related art, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the related art will be briefly described, and it is apparent that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present utility model, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flow distribution structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of fluid pressure simulation of an inlet distribution flow channel of a flow distribution structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of fluid pressure simulation of an outlet distribution flow channel of a flow distribution structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Icon: 100-an inlet distribution zone; 101-inlet distribution flow channels; 200-reaction zone; 201-reaction channel; 300-an outlet distribution zone; 301-outlet distribution flow channels.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the utility model are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Physical quantities in the formulas, unless otherwise noted, are understood to be basic quantities of basic units of the international system of units, or derived quantities derived from the basic quantities by mathematical operations such as multiplication, division, differentiation, or integration.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, the flow distribution structure provided in the embodiment of the present utility model includes: an inlet distribution zone 100, a reaction zone 200, and an outlet distribution zone 300; the inlet distribution area 100, the reaction area 200, and the outlet distribution area 300 are in fluid communication in this order such that fluid flows from the inlet distribution area 100 into the reaction area 200 and out through the outlet distribution area 300; the cross-sectional area of the flow path of the inlet distribution area 100 increases from the end facing away from the reaction area 200 to the end communicating with the reaction area 200; the cross-sectional area of the flow path of the outlet distribution area 300 decreases from the end communicating with the reaction area 200 to the end facing away from the reaction area 200.
The flow in the inlet distribution area 100 increases with the flow passage cross-sectional area, the flow rate decreases, and the pressure increases; the flow in the outlet distribution area 300 increases in velocity and decreases in pressure as the cross-sectional area of the flow path decreases. The pressure drop difference between the inlet distribution area 100 and the outlet distribution area 300 is reduced, so that the pressure drop difference caused by the consumption of the fluid in the reaction area 200 can be compensated, and the uniform distribution of the flow of each flow passage in the reaction area 200 can be ensured, and the flow distribution device is particularly suitable for the distribution of the reactive gas flow of the fuel cell.
The test was carried out at a temperature of 75℃with a gas molar fraction of 94% hydrogen and a water vapor of 6% as the test fluid, and a gas mass flow rate of 0.001 g/s. Referring to FIG. 2, the flow conditions in the inlet distribution 100 are simulated in forward flow conditions, with the total pressure gradually decreasing from left to right as fluid flows from a cross-sectional width of 0.3mm to a cross-sectional width of 0.7 mm; referring to fig. 3, the flow conditions in the outlet distribution area 300 were simulated in a reverse flow condition, and the total pressure from right to left gradually decreased as the flow flowed from the cross-sectional width of 0.7mm to the cross-sectional width of 0.3 mm. Through simulation test. The total pressure drop in the forward flow is 181kPa, the total pressure drop in the reverse flow is 993kPa, the friction pressure drop in the forward flow is 596kPa, the friction pressure drop in the reverse flow is 577kPa, the Bernoulli pressure drop in the forward flow is-415 kPa, and the Bernoulli pressure drop in the reverse flow is 416. Therefore, the forward flow in the simulation test is similar to the fluid condition in the inlet distribution area 100, the reverse flow is similar to the fluid condition in the outlet distribution area 300, and the difference of the pressure drops in the inlet distribution area 100 and the outlet distribution area 300 can be reduced under the dual effects of the reduction of the pressure drop in the inlet distribution area 100 and the increase of the pressure drop in the outlet distribution area 300, so that the flow of each flow channel in the reaction area 200 is uniformly distributed.
As shown in fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present utility model, the inlet distribution area 100 includes a plurality of inlet distribution flow channels 101 spaced apart from each other, the reaction area 200 includes a plurality of reaction channels 201 spaced apart from each other, and the outlet distribution area 300 includes a plurality of outlet distribution flow channels 301 spaced apart from each other; the plurality of inlet distribution flow channels 101 are communicated with the plurality of reaction channels 201 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the plurality of reaction channels 201 are communicated with the plurality of outlet distribution flow channels 301 in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the flow passage cross-sectional area of the inlet distribution flow passage 101 increases from one end facing away from the reaction passage 201 to one end communicating with the reaction passage 201; the flow path cross-sectional area of the outlet distribution flow path 301 decreases from one end communicating with the reaction channel 201 to one end facing away from the reaction channel 201. On this basis, along the flow direction, the cross-sectional area of the flow channel of each inlet distribution flow channel 101 increases gradually, and the cross-sectional area of the flow channel of each outlet distribution flow channel 301 decreases gradually, so that the pressure drop of each reaction channel 201 can be balanced, and the uniform flow distribution of each reaction channel 201 can be ensured.
Further, the inlet distribution flow path 101 communicating via the reaction channel 201 is symmetrical to the outlet distribution flow path 301.
In an alternative embodiment, the inlet distribution flow channels 101 and the outlet distribution flow channels 301 communicating via the reaction channels 201 are symmetrical with respect to an axis parallel to the y-direction.
In another embodiment, the inlet distribution flow channel 101 communicating via the reaction channel 201 is centrosymmetric with the outlet distribution flow channel 301.
Further, the ratio of the opening area of the inflow end to the opening area of the outflow end of each inlet distribution flow channel 101 is 1/3-1/2;
the ratio of the opening area of the inlet end to the opening area of the outlet end of each outlet distribution flow channel 301 is 2-3.
Through experimental comparison, the effect of uniformly distributing the flow of each reaction channel 201 is better by selecting the opening area of the large-section opening end to be 2-3 times that of the small-section opening end.
The bipolar plate has a central symmetry structure, and makes the inlet end position of the inlet distribution area 100 and the outlet end position of the outlet distribution area 300 central symmetry. The inlet distribution area 100, the reaction area 200, and the outlet distribution area 300 are sequentially arranged in the x-direction; the inlet end of the inlet distribution area 100 is biased toward one end in the y direction, and the outlet end of the outlet distribution area 300 is biased toward the other end in the y direction, so that the inlet distribution area 100 is centrosymmetric with the outlet distribution area 300, and one of the inlet distribution flow passages 101 in the inlet distribution area 100 is centrosymmetric with one of the outlet distribution flow passages 301 in the outlet distribution area 300.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell provided in the embodiment of the present utility model includes a bipolar plate provided with the above-described flow distribution structure, the bipolar plate having a cathode side and an anode side. The flow distribution structure is suitable for the cathode side and the anode side, and can ensure uniform gas distribution on the cathode side and the anode side.
In an embodiment of the utility model, the flow distributing structure is arranged on the anode side of the bipolar plate. Taking a hydrogen fuel cell as an example, the consumption of hydrogen on the anode side is larger, and the consumption of oxygen on the cathode side is smaller, so that the problem of uneven pressure drop distribution caused by the consumption of a large amount of hydrogen on the anode side and further caused by the difference of gas flow distribution in the conventional fuel cell is particularly remarkable on the anode side, and when the flow distribution structure is arranged on the anode side of the bipolar plate, the flow distribution structure can reduce the difference of pressure drop caused by the consumption of a large amount of hydrogen, and improve the uniformity of flow distribution.
The vehicle provided by the embodiment of the present utility model is provided with the fuel cell described in the above embodiment, and the vehicle has the above flow distribution structure and the beneficial effects of the fuel cell, and will not be described here again.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present utility model, and not for limiting the same; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the utility model.
Claims (9)
1. A flow distribution structure comprising: an inlet distribution zone (100), a reaction zone (200) and an outlet distribution zone (300);
the inlet distribution zone (100), the reaction zone (200) and the outlet distribution zone (300) are in fluid communication in sequence such that fluid flows from the inlet distribution zone (100) into the reaction zone (200) and out through the outlet distribution zone (300);
the cross-sectional area of the flow passage of the inlet distribution area (100) increases from the end away from the reaction area (200) to the end communicating with the reaction area (200);
the cross-sectional area of the flow passage of the outlet distribution area (300) decreases from the end communicated with the reaction area (200) to the end away from the reaction area (200).
2. The flow distribution structure according to claim 1, wherein the inlet distribution zone (100) comprises a plurality of mutually spaced inlet distribution flow channels (101), the reaction zone (200) comprises a plurality of mutually spaced reaction channels (201), and the outlet distribution zone (300) comprises a plurality of mutually spaced outlet distribution flow channels (301);
the inlet distribution flow channels (101) are communicated with the reaction channels (201) in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the reaction channels (201) are communicated with the outlet distribution flow channels (301) in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the cross-sectional area of the flow passage of the inlet distribution flow passage (101) increases from one end away from the reaction passage (201) to one end communicating with the reaction passage (201);
the cross-sectional area of the outlet distribution flow channel (301) decreases from the end communicating with the reaction channel (201) to the end facing away from the reaction channel (201).
3. The flow distribution structure according to claim 2, wherein the inlet distribution flow channel (101) communicating via the reaction channel (201) is symmetrical to the outlet distribution flow channel (301).
4. A flow distribution structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the ratio of the opening area of the inlet end to the opening area of the outlet end of each inlet distribution flow channel (101) is 1/3-1/2.
5. A flow distribution structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the ratio of the opening area of the inlet end to the opening area of the outlet end of each outlet distribution flow channel (301) is 2-3.
6. The flow distribution structure according to claim 1, wherein the inlet distribution region (100), the reaction region (200) and the outlet distribution region (300) are arranged in sequence along the x-direction;
the inlet end of the inlet distribution area (100) is biased towards one end in the y direction, and the outlet end of the outlet distribution area (300) is biased towards the other end in the y direction, so that the inlet distribution area (100) and the outlet distribution area (300) are centrosymmetric.
7. A fuel cell comprising a bipolar plate provided with a flow distribution structure according to any one of claims 1-6.
8. The fuel cell of claim 7, wherein the flow distribution structure is disposed on an anode side of the bipolar plate.
9. A vehicle characterized in that the vehicle is equipped with the fuel cell according to claim 7 or 8.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321939916.4U CN220367943U (en) | 2023-07-21 | 2023-07-21 | Flow distribution structure, fuel cell and vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321939916.4U CN220367943U (en) | 2023-07-21 | 2023-07-21 | Flow distribution structure, fuel cell and vehicle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN220367943U true CN220367943U (en) | 2024-01-19 |
Family
ID=89512421
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321939916.4U Active CN220367943U (en) | 2023-07-21 | 2023-07-21 | Flow distribution structure, fuel cell and vehicle |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN220367943U (en) |
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2023
- 2023-07-21 CN CN202321939916.4U patent/CN220367943U/en active Active
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