CN220076111U - Battery pack locking mechanism and electric vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a battery pack locking mechanism and an electric vehicle, wherein the battery pack locking mechanism is used for locking or unlocking a battery pack and a vehicle body of the electric vehicle to realize quick replacement of the battery pack, the locking mechanism comprises a first locking unit and a second locking unit, the first locking unit is arranged on the battery pack, the second locking unit is arranged on the vehicle body, the first locking unit comprises a first positioning piece, an operating piece and a locking piece, the operating piece is rotationally connected with the first positioning piece, the operating piece and the first positioning piece are combined to form a limiting space, at least part of the locking piece is limited in the limiting space, a floatable matching piece is arranged in the second locking unit, and the operating piece can drive the locking piece to rotate to lock or unlock the locking piece and the matching piece when rotating. The locking mechanism provided by the application enables the battery pack to be directly detached from the vehicle body from top to bottom, so that the installation locking and unlocking of the quick-change battery pack of the electric vehicle are easily realized, the battery pack is easy to operate and control, and the vehicle body space can be saved.

Description

Battery pack locking mechanism and electric vehicle

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, in particular to a battery pack locking mechanism and an electric vehicle.

Background

The electric vehicle has the advantages of zero emission, low noise, high operation and maintenance cost performance and the like, and is increasingly favored by users. The energy used by the electric vehicle is the electric energy provided by a battery pack carried by the electric vehicle, and the electric vehicle needs to be charged after the electric energy is used up. The battery pack of an electric vehicle is generally configured in a fixed type and a replaceable type, wherein the fixed type battery pack is generally fixed on the vehicle, and the vehicle is directly used as a charging object during charging. The battery pack can be quickly taken down to be independently replaced, namely, the battery which is pre-charged can be directly arranged on the vehicle, and the detached battery which is full of electricity can be independently charged to be arranged on the vehicle which is charged in a follow-up mode, so that the vehicle can be replaced with the full-charged battery in a very short time to quickly complete continuous voyage and energy supplement. Particularly, for heavy trucks, due to the structure, loading requirements and the like of the heavy truck, a large battery with large capacity is often arranged on the heavy truck, and the charging time of the large battery is longer, so that the power change mode for the heavy truck is more convenient to supplement energy. In a heavy truck with power change, a battery pack needs to be fixed by adopting a locking mechanism, and when power change is needed, the battery pack needs to be fixed by adopting the locking mechanism.

The battery package of interchangeable, all generally fix the top at the automobile body longeron, utilize the longeron to realize the supporting role to the battery package, because the automobile body longeron is higher on electric vehicle's the position relatively ground, battery package weight is heavier moreover, make the focus of battery package higher, stability relative to the vehicle is relatively poor, thereby influence the security that the vehicle was driven, and occupy the great space in driver rear, experience is relatively poor to the driving of driver, in addition, because the battery package sets up in the longeron top, only can change the battery package through hoisting structure, and adopt hoisting structure, the whole building of power conversion station is higher, area is big, the maintenance cost is high and the security is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides a battery pack locking mechanism and an electric vehicle, which enable a battery pack to be installed on a vehicle body from bottom to top, so as to solve the problems of safety, stability and the like caused by the fact that the electric vehicle adopts a hoisting mode to install the battery pack.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:

the utility model provides a battery package locking mechanism for battery package and electric vehicle's automobile body locking or unblock realize the quick change of battery package, locking mechanism includes first locking unit and second locking unit, first locking unit is located on the battery package, the second locking unit is located on the automobile body, first locking unit includes first setting element, operating piece and locking piece, the operating piece with first setting element rotates to be connected, the operating piece with first setting element cooperation encloses into spacing space, at least part of locking piece is limited in the spacing space, be equipped with floatable cooperation piece in the second locking unit, the operating piece can drive when rotating the locking piece make the locking piece with cooperation piece locking or unblock.

In the technical scheme, the locking mechanism is used for locking or unlocking the battery pack and the body of the electric vehicle so as to realize quick replacement of the battery pack. The locking mechanism comprises a first locking unit arranged on the battery pack and a second locking unit arranged on the vehicle body, the operation piece rotates relative to the first positioning piece along a direction, the locking piece can be driven to rotate and be locked with a matching piece of the second locking unit, so that the battery pack is directly arranged on the vehicle body from bottom to top, the operation piece is rotated along the opposite direction, the locking piece can be driven to reversely rotate and be unlocked with the matching piece, the battery pack is directly detached from the vehicle body from top to bottom, the installation locking and unlocking of the quick-change battery pack of the electric vehicle are easily realized, the battery pack is easy to operate and control, the disassembly and the assembly can be realized only by up-down movement, and the battery pack can be arranged below a longitudinal beam of the electric vehicle due to the structural design, so that the safety in the power change process is improved, and the space above the longitudinal beam is not required to be occupied; meanwhile, under the condition of meeting the use requirement of the electric vehicle, the electric vehicle has the advantages of simple and light structure, convenient operation and low cost, and is favorable for the popularization and the use of quick power change of the vehicle. Secondly, the operation piece and the first positioning piece are matched to form a limiting space for limiting the locking piece, so that the operation piece, the first positioning piece and the locking piece form an integral structure, locking and unlocking can be realized only by rotating the operation piece, the operation is convenient and quick, the first locking unit is still of an integral structure after unlocking, the phenomenon that all parts are scattered and separated can not occur, the first locking unit can still be kept in an installation state with the battery pack, and the quick disassembly and assembly of the battery pack are facilitated. In addition, the matching piece can float and set up, can reduce the requirement of counterpoint precision between locking piece and the matching piece for even there is some angular deviation in first locking unit also can make the locking piece realize with the disconnection or locking cooperation of matching piece along with the rotation of operating piece. In the preferred embodiment, can also install the second locking unit in the bottom of automobile body longeron, first locking unit installs at the top of battery package, makes battery package locking installation in longeron below through the locking of first locking unit and second locking unit, and when changing the electricity, full battery installs from down upwards, realizes that the chassis trades the electricity, has following advantage: the battery pack is positioned below the longitudinal beam, so that the gravity center of the battery pack can be effectively reduced, the installation stability of the battery pack is improved, and the stability and safety of a vehicle are greatly improved; meanwhile, the structure is compact, the space utilization rate is high, and particularly, the space in the vertical direction of the vehicle body is high; in addition, the chassis is used for replacing electricity, so that the fault risk in the electricity replacing process is reduced, the safety is improved, the occupied area of the chassis electricity replacing system is small, the popularization cost of the electricity replacing station is low, and the quick replacement of the battery pack can be realized below the vehicle body by using the electricity replacing trolley; furthermore, the first locking unit is used as an operating part for force unlocking and locking, is arranged on the battery pack, and is easier to provide a power exchanging operation space for an operator or a power exchanging trolley in a mode of bottom power exchanging, so that the operation difficulty is reduced.

Preferably, the second locking unit further includes a first elastic member connected between the mating member and the vehicle body such that the mating member is floatable.

In this technical scheme, the elasticity that utilizes first elastic component makes the cooperation piece floatable, simple structure, easily realize, simple to operate, still can not destroy the structural strength of cooperation piece. Moreover, the pushing effect of the first elastic piece can be utilized to drive the matching piece to move towards the position where the locking piece is located, so that the matching piece and the locking piece are matched conveniently.

Preferably, the matching piece comprises a shaft rod extending along the vertical direction and a stop protrusion located at the end part of the shaft rod, which is close to one end of the first locking unit, the shaft rod is provided with a lock hole used for locking the locking piece, the lock hole extends along the axial direction and is arranged towards the first locking unit, and the first elastic piece is sleeved on the shaft rod and located between the stop protrusion and the vehicle body.

In this technical scheme, first elastic component cover is established outside the axostylus axostyle of mating member and is located between backstop arch and the automobile body, not only realizes that the mating member can float, can also realize radial spacing to the mating member, avoids the mating member to take place great aversion along radial, guarantees that lockhole and locking piece are comparatively accurately counterpointed and realize the cooperation.

Preferably, a guide inclined plane capable of guiding the locking piece to be matched with the locking hole is arranged at the end part, close to one end of the first locking unit, of the locking hole.

In this technical scheme, utilize the guiding effect of direction inclined plane, make the locking piece can easily get into in the lockhole and realize the locking, avoid locking piece and cooperation piece to have too big position deviation in-process to align to cause the locking piece unable accurate cooperation with the lockhole and influence the conversion efficiency.

Preferably, the second locking unit further comprises a second positioning member, a matching cavity is arranged in the second positioning member, the matching cavity is used for accommodating the matching member and the first elastic member, and the first elastic member is arranged between the matching member and the second positioning member, so that the matching member floats in the matching cavity through the first elastic member.

In this technical scheme, the cooperation piece can float in the cooperation intracavity that the second setting element formed through first elastic component, and the second setting element forms the guard action to cooperation piece and first elastic component, avoids external dust, filth to get into and influences the float of cooperation piece.

Preferably, a first matching surface is arranged on the periphery of the stop protrusion, a first limiting surface is arranged on the inner wall of the second positioning piece, and the first matching surface is in limiting fit with the first limiting surface so as to limit the matching piece to rotate relative to the second positioning piece.

In this technical scheme, through the spacing cooperation of the first locating surface that makes the protruding first mating surface that sets up of backstop and the second locating part in realize restricting the degree of freedom of rotation of mating part, prevent that the mating part from bringing the degree of difficulty for quick locking along with locking piece rotation, the spacing cooperation simple structure of first locating surface and first mating surface, reliability are strong.

Preferably, the second positioning member is connected with the vehicle body and comprises a main body portion, the matching cavity is formed in the main body portion, an opening is formed in the main body portion, which is close to the first end of the first locking unit, so that the opening is communicated with the matching cavity, the opening is used for the locking member to extend into the matching cavity so that the locking member can be locked with the matching member, a first hole shoulder surrounding the opening is further formed on the second positioning member, and the stop protrusion abuts against the first hole shoulder when the locking member is locked.

In the technical scheme, the stop protrusion can be used for limiting the first elastic piece, can also prop against the first hole shoulder in the locking process of the locking piece and the matching piece, gives a technical prompt that the locking piece and the matching piece are locked in place, and ensures the locking strength and reliability of the locking piece and the matching piece.

Preferably, a working cavity for accommodating the operating element is arranged in the first positioning element, the operating element is matched with the first positioning element in the working cavity to form the limiting space, the first end of the locking element is limited in the limiting space, and the second end of the locking element extends out of the limiting space to be locked or unlocked with the matching element.

In the technical scheme, the first end of the locking piece is limited in the limiting space so as to form limiting fit with the operating piece, and when the operating piece rotates, the locking piece is driven to rotate, and the second end of the locking piece stretches out of the limiting space so as to be conveniently locked or unlocked with the matching piece.

Preferably, the operation piece includes spacing end and operation end, the spacing end rotates to be connected in the working chamber, the spacing end is close to the tip of second locking unit is equipped with the spacing groove, the spacing groove with first setting element is close to the tip cooperation of second locking unit forms spacing space, the periphery of first end is equipped with the second mating surface, be equipped with the second spacing face in the spacing groove, the second mating surface with the spacing cooperation of second mating surface is so that the operation piece drives when rotating the locking piece takes place to rotate, first setting element is kept away from the tip of second locking unit is uncovered for at least part the operation end stretches out.

In this technical scheme, through the spacing cooperation of the second locating surface that makes the locking piece setting and the second locating surface in the spacing groove, realize the linkage of operating piece and locking piece, make the locking piece can take place rotatoryly along with the rotation of operating piece, simple structure, simple to operate, reliability are strong. The limiting end of the operating piece rotates in the working cavity to drive the locking piece to rotate, and the operating end at least partially extends out of the first positioning piece, so that an operator can conveniently hold the locking piece in a hand or rotate the operating end through a tool to unlock or lock the locking piece.

Preferably, the limiting end is in rotational connection with the first positioning piece through a bearing or a ball; the periphery of the limiting end is provided with a first annular limiting groove, the inner wall of the working cavity is provided with a second annular limiting groove, and the first annular limiting groove and the second annular limiting groove are matched to form a rotary slideway for accommodating the ball or an annular mounting cavity for accommodating the bearing.

In the technical scheme, the rotating connection between the operating piece and the first positioning piece is realized through the bearing or the ball, so that the rotating friction between the operating piece and the first positioning piece is reduced, the rotation of the operating piece is smoother and more labor-saving, the friction and abrasion between the operating piece and the first positioning piece can be reduced, and the service life is prolonged. The ball can enable the rotation of the operating piece to be smoother, and the ball can be matched with the second annular limiting groove and the first annular limiting groove respectively to limit the operating piece, so that the operating piece is prevented from moving along the axial direction of the first positioning piece.

Preferably, the locking mechanism further comprises a locking member movably disposed in the first positioning member to have a first position and a second position, wherein: in the first position, the anti-loose piece is in anti-rotation fit with the operation end to limit the rotation of the operation piece; in the second position, the locking piece is separated from the operation end so that the operation piece can rotate.

In the technical scheme, the anti-loose piece is matched with the operation piece in a rotation stopping way when being positioned at the first position so as to limit the rotation of the operation piece, the operation piece is prevented from spontaneously rotating to drive the locking piece to unlock, the limitation on the operation piece is relieved when the anti-loose piece is positioned at the second position so that the operation piece can rotate, and the operation piece can drive the locking piece to lock or unlock.

Preferably, the anti-loose member is provided with an annular gear, the operation end axially comprises a matching shaft section and an avoidance shaft section, the matching shaft section is provided with an outer gear ring, the outer surface of the avoidance shaft section is smoothly arranged, and the anti-loose member axially slides along the operation end to switch the first position and the second position; in the first position, the locking piece limits the rotation of the operating piece through the matching of the inner gear ring and the outer gear ring; in the second position, the anti-loose member is sleeved on the avoidance shaft section so that the operation member can rotate.

In the technical scheme, the locking piece is meshed with the inner gear ring and the outer gear ring to limit the rotation of the operating piece, and the locking piece is simple in structure, convenient to install and reliable in rotation stopping limit. The outer surface of the avoidance shaft section is smooth, interference with the annular gear is avoided, and rotation of the operating piece is not blocked even if the annular gear of the locking piece abuts against the avoidance shaft section.

Preferably, the periphery of the locking piece is provided with a sliding protruding portion, the inner wall of the working cavity is provided with a sliding groove, the sliding groove extends along the axial direction of the working cavity, the sliding protruding portion is in sliding fit with the sliding groove so as to switch between the first position and the second position, and the sliding protruding portion is in limiting fit with the sliding groove so as to limit the locking piece to rotate relative to the first positioning piece.

In this technical scheme, the cooperation of slip convex part and spout forms spacing and direction to the locking piece, and not only avoid locking piece to rotate and drive the operation piece and rotate relative first locating part, still make locking piece more stable, smooth and easy along the axial of operation piece.

Preferably, a second hole shoulder extending along the circumferential direction of the working cavity is arranged in the first positioning piece, a second elastic piece is arranged between the anti-loose piece and the second hole shoulder, and the second elastic piece is used for driving the anti-loose piece to automatically move from the second position to the first position.

According to the technical scheme, through the arrangement of the second elastic piece, the locking piece is convenient to return to the first position from the second position automatically by utilizing the elasticity of the second elastic piece after the external force applied to the locking piece is removed.

The application provides an electric vehicle which comprises a vehicle body, a battery pack and a battery pack locking mechanism as described above, wherein the battery pack locking mechanism is used for locking and unlocking the battery pack and the vehicle body.

Due to the adoption of the structure, the quick-change battery pack of the electric vehicle is easily locked and unlocked, and the quick-change battery pack of the electric vehicle is simple and light in structure, convenient to operate and low in cost under the condition of meeting the use requirement of the electric vehicle, so that the quick-change battery pack of the electric vehicle is beneficial to popularization and use of quick-change electric vehicles.

By adopting the technical scheme, the application has the following technical effects: the locking mechanism is used for locking or unlocking the battery pack and the body of the electric vehicle so as to realize quick replacement of the battery pack. The locking mechanism comprises a first locking unit arranged on the battery pack and a second locking unit arranged on the vehicle body, the operation piece rotates relative to the first positioning piece along a direction, the locking piece can be driven to rotate and be locked with a matching piece of the second locking unit, so that the battery pack is directly arranged on the vehicle body from bottom to top, the operation piece is rotated along the opposite direction, the locking piece can be driven to reversely rotate and be unlocked with the matching piece, the battery pack is directly detached from the vehicle body from top to bottom, the installation locking and unlocking of the quick-change battery pack of the electric vehicle are easily realized, the battery pack is easy to operate and control, the disassembly and the assembly can be realized only by up-down movement, and the battery pack can be arranged below a longitudinal beam of the electric vehicle due to the structural design, so that the safety in the power change process is improved, and the space above the longitudinal beam is not required to be occupied; meanwhile, under the condition of meeting the use requirement of the electric vehicle, the electric vehicle has the advantages of simple and light structure, convenient operation and low cost, and is favorable for the popularization and the use of quick power change of the vehicle. Secondly, the operation piece and the first positioning piece are matched to form a limiting space for limiting the locking piece, so that the operation piece, the first positioning piece and the locking piece form an integral structure, locking and unlocking can be realized only by rotating the operation piece, the operation is convenient and quick, the first locking unit is still of an integral structure after unlocking, the phenomenon that all parts are scattered and separated can not occur, the first locking unit can still be kept in an installation state with the battery pack, and the quick disassembly and assembly of the battery pack are facilitated. In addition, the matching piece can float and set up, can reduce the requirement of counterpoint precision between locking piece and the matching piece for even there is some angular deviation in first locking unit also can make the locking piece realize with the disconnection or locking cooperation of matching piece along with the rotation of operating piece. In the preferred embodiment, can also install the second locking unit in the bottom of automobile body longeron, first locking unit installs at the top of battery package, makes battery package locking installation in longeron below through the locking of first locking unit and second locking unit, and when changing the electricity, full battery installs from down upwards, realizes that the chassis trades the electricity, has following advantage: the battery pack is positioned below the longitudinal beam, so that the gravity center of the battery pack can be effectively reduced, the installation stability of the battery pack is improved, and the stability and safety of a vehicle are greatly improved; meanwhile, the structure is compact, the space utilization rate is high, and particularly, the space in the vertical direction of the vehicle body is high; in addition, the chassis is used for replacing electricity, so that the fault risk in the electricity replacing process is reduced, the safety is improved, the occupied area of the chassis electricity replacing system is small, the popularization cost of the electricity replacing station is low, and the quick replacement of the battery pack can be realized below the vehicle body by using the electricity replacing trolley; furthermore, the first locking unit is used as an operating part for force unlocking and locking, is arranged on the battery pack, and is easier to provide a power exchanging operation space for an operator or a power exchanging trolley in a mode of bottom power exchanging, so that the operation difficulty is reduced.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a locking mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a locking mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a fitting according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second positioning member according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a second locking unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a first locking unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an operating member according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a locking member according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a first positioning member according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a locking element according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a mating assembly formed by a vehicle body, a battery pack, and a battery pack locking structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a mating assembly formed by a vehicle body, a battery pack, and a battery pack locking structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

Reference numerals:

the first positioning piece, the second annular limiting groove, the sliding groove, the second hole shoulder and the second positioning convex edge are respectively arranged at the first positioning piece, the second annular limiting groove, the sliding groove, the second hole shoulder and the second positioning convex edge; 2, an operation piece, 21 operation ends, 211 are matched with the shaft section, a 2111 outer gear ring, 212 avoids the shaft section, 22 limit ends, 221 limit grooves, 222 second limit surfaces and 223 first annular limit grooves; 3 a locking member, 31 a second mating surface; 4, a 41 shaft lever, a 42 stop protrusion, a 43 lock hole, a 44 guide inclined plane and a 45 first matching surface; 5 a first elastic member; the second positioning piece, the main body part 61, the first limiting surface 611, the first positioning convex edge 612, the first hole shoulder 613 and the end cover 62; 7, rolling balls; 8, locking pieces, 81 inner gear rings and 82 sliding convex parts; 9 a second elastic member; a 10-clamp ring; a 20 car body; 30 battery packs.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the general inventive concept, a detailed description is given below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, however, the present application may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

In the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected and communicated; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

In the embodiment of the application, a battery pack locking mechanism is provided, and for convenience of explanation and understanding, the following matters are provided on the basis of the structure of the illustrated product. It will of course be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above-described construction is provided as a specific example and illustrative only and is not intended to constitute a specific limitation on the scope of the application. In addition, the application also provides an electric vehicle which can be a commercial vehicle such as a heavy truck, a light truck and the like, and can be other electric vehicle types.

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the battery pack locking mechanism provided by the application is used for locking or unlocking a battery pack and a vehicle body of an electric vehicle to realize quick replacement of the battery pack, the locking mechanism comprises a first locking unit and a second locking unit, the first locking unit is arranged on the battery pack, the second locking unit is arranged on the vehicle body, the first locking unit comprises a first positioning piece 1, an operating piece 2 and a locking piece 3, the operating piece 2 is rotationally connected with the first positioning piece 1, the operating piece 2 and the first positioning piece 1 are matched to form a limiting space, at least part of the locking piece 3 is limited in the limiting space, a floatable matching piece 4 is arranged in the second locking unit, and the operating piece 2 can drive the locking piece 3 to rotate when rotating so as to lock or unlock the locking piece 3 and the matching piece 4.

In the application, the locking mechanism is used for locking or unlocking the battery pack and the body of the electric vehicle so as to realize quick replacement of the battery pack. The locking mechanism comprises a first locking unit arranged on the battery pack and a second locking unit arranged on the vehicle body, the operation piece 2 rotates relative to the first positioning piece 1 along a direction, the locking piece 3 can be driven to rotate and be locked with the matching piece 4 of the second locking unit, so that the battery pack is directly arranged on the vehicle body from bottom to top, the operation piece 2 can be driven to reversely rotate and be unlocked with the matching piece 4 by rotating the operation piece 2 along the opposite direction, the battery pack is directly detached from the vehicle body from top to bottom, the installation locking and unlocking of the quick-change battery pack of the electric vehicle are easily realized, the battery pack is simply controlled, the disassembly and the assembly can be realized only by up-down movement, and the battery pack can be arranged below a longitudinal beam of the electric vehicle by adopting the structural design, so that the safety in the power change process is improved, and the space above the longitudinal beam is not required to be occupied; meanwhile, under the condition of meeting the use requirement of the electric vehicle, the electric vehicle has the advantages of simple and light structure, convenient operation and low cost, and is favorable for the popularization and the use of quick power change of the vehicle. Secondly, the operation piece 2 and the first positioning piece 1 are matched to form a limiting space for limiting the locking piece 3, so that the operation piece 2, the first positioning piece 1 and the locking piece 3 form an integral structure, locking and unlocking can be realized only by rotating the operation piece 2, the operation is convenient and quick, the first locking unit is still of an integral structure after unlocking, the phenomenon of scattered separation of all parts can not occur, the first locking unit can still be kept in an installation state with the battery pack, and the quick disassembly and assembly of the battery pack are facilitated. In addition, the matching piece 4 can be arranged in a floating manner, so that the requirement on the alignment precision between the locking piece 3 and the matching piece 4 can be reduced, and the locking piece 3 can be separated from or locked with the matching piece 4 along with the rotation of the operating piece 2 even if the first locking unit or the second locking unit has some angular deviation.

In the preferred embodiment, can also install the second locking unit in the bottom of automobile body longeron, first locking unit installs at the top of battery package, makes battery package locking installation in longeron below through the locking of first locking unit and second locking unit, and when changing the electricity, full battery installs from down upwards, realizes that the chassis trades the electricity, has following advantage: the battery pack is positioned below the longitudinal beam, so that the gravity center of the battery pack can be effectively reduced, the installation stability of the battery pack is improved, and the stability and safety of a vehicle are greatly improved; meanwhile, the structure is compact, the space utilization rate is high, and particularly, the space in the vertical direction of the vehicle body is not required to occupy the space above the longitudinal beam; in addition, the chassis is used for replacing electricity, so that the fault risk in the electricity replacing process is reduced, the safety is improved, the occupied area of the chassis electricity replacing system is small, the popularization cost of the electricity replacing station is low, and the quick replacement of the battery pack can be realized below the vehicle body by using the electricity replacing trolley; furthermore, the first locking unit is used as an operating part for force unlocking and locking, is arranged on the battery pack, and is easier to provide a power exchanging operation space for an operator or a power exchanging trolley in a mode of bottom power exchanging, so that the operation difficulty is reduced. When the power is specifically replaced, the power shortage battery can be supported in advance through the power replacement trolley, then the locking piece and the matching piece are unlocked by rotating the operating piece, the first locking unit is separated from the second locking unit, the power shortage battery can be removed from the lower side of the longitudinal beam through the power replacement trolley after being removed, the power shortage battery is detached, then the power shortage battery can be removed to the lower side of the longitudinal beam through the power replacement trolley, the first locking unit on the power shortage battery is accurately aligned with the second locking unit at the bottom of the longitudinal beam, then the power shortage battery is lifted to enable the locking piece to be in contact with the matching piece, the locking piece is in locking fit with the matching piece through rotating the operating piece, and locking installation of the power shortage battery is completed.

In order to secure the locking reliability of the locking mechanism to the battery pack, it is necessary that the mating member 4 has an extremely strong structural strength, but it is also necessary that the mating member 4 be floatable, and therefore, as a preferred embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 2, the second locking unit further includes a first elastic member 5, and the first elastic member 5 is connected between the mating member 4 and the vehicle body such that the mating member 4 is floatable.

It can be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the elastic force of the first elastic member 5 is utilized to float the mating member 4, so that the structure is simple, easy to implement and convenient to install, the structural strength of the mating member 4 is not damaged, and the pushing effect of the first elastic member 5 is utilized to drive the mating member 4 to mate with the locking member 3, for example, in the embodiment of threaded mating between the locking member 3 and the mating member 4 shown in fig. 2, the first elastic member 5 can drive the internal thread of the mating member 4 to contact with the external thread of the locking member 3, and the locking member 3 can be screwed with the mating member 4 only by rotating after the internal thread and the external thread contact. In a preferred embodiment, the first elastic member 5 may be made as a spring, which is easy to install and low in cost of the fitting.

It should be noted that the locking manner of the locking member 3 and the mating member 4 of the present application is not limited to threaded connection, but may also adopt, but not limited to, a turnbuckle connection, a screw connection, and the like.

As a preferred example of the present embodiment, regarding the specific structure of the fitting member 4 and the manner of fitting with the first elastic member 5, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the fitting member 4 may be made to include a shaft 41 extending in the vertical direction and a stopper projection 42 located at an end of the shaft 41 near one end of the first locking unit, the shaft 41 being provided with a lock hole 43 for locking with the locking member 3, the lock hole 43 extending in the axial direction and being provided toward the first locking unit, the first elastic member 5 being fitted over the shaft 41 and being located between the stopper projection 42 and the vehicle body. Correspondingly, an internal thread which cooperates with an external thread of the locking element 3 is provided in the locking hole 43.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the first elastic member 5 is sleeved outside the shaft 41 of the mating member 4 and between the stop protrusion 42 and the vehicle body, when the mating member 4 and the locking member 3 are unlocked, the mating member 4 moves upward in the axial direction along with the rotation of the locking member 3, the stop protrusion 42 compresses the first elastic member 5 gradually, and when the locking member 3 is pulled out from the lock hole 43, the first elastic member 5 pushes the stop protrusion 42 to return the mating member 4 downward. The mounting mode of the first elastic piece 5 not only realizes that the matching piece 4 can float, but also can realize radial limit to the matching piece 4, so that the matching piece 4 is prevented from being greatly shifted along the radial direction, and the locking hole 43 and the locking piece 3 are ensured to be aligned relatively accurately and matched.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, a guide slope 44 capable of guiding the locking member 3 to be engaged with the locking hole 43 may be provided at an end of the locking hole 43 near one end of the first locking unit. By utilizing the guiding function of the guiding inclined plane 44, the locking piece 3 can easily enter the lock hole 43 to realize locking, and the problem that the locking piece 3 cannot be matched with the lock hole 43 accurately to influence the electricity exchanging efficiency due to overlarge position deviation in the aligning process of the locking piece 3 and the matching piece 4 is avoided.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, the second locking unit may further include a second positioning member 6, where a mating cavity is disposed in the second positioning member 6, the mating cavity is used to accommodate the mating member 4 and the first elastic member 5, and the first elastic member 5 is disposed between the mating member 4 and the second positioning member 6, so that the mating member 4 floats in the mating cavity through the first elastic member 5.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the engaging member 4 is capable of floating in the engaging cavity formed by the second positioning member 6 through the first elastic member 5, and the second positioning member 6 protects the engaging member 4 and the first elastic member 5 from external dust and dirt entering to affect the floating of the engaging member 4. And the second locking unit and the vehicle body can form an integrated structure through the fixation of the second positioning piece 6 and the vehicle body, so that the second locking unit is convenient to fix on the vehicle body.

In order to ensure quick locking with the mating member 4 during the rotation of the locking member 3, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, a first mating surface 45 may be disposed on the outer periphery of the stop protrusion 42, and a first limiting surface 611 is disposed on the inner wall of the second positioning member 6, where the first mating surface 45 is in limiting fit with the first limiting surface 611 to limit the rotation of the mating member 4 relative to the second positioning member 6.

The first matching surface 45 arranged on the stop protrusion 42 is in limit fit with the first limiting surface 611 in the second positioning piece 6 to limit the rotation freedom degree of the matching piece 4, so that the matching piece 4 is prevented from rotating along with the locking piece 3 to bring difficulty to quick locking, and particularly, the locking piece 3 and the matching piece 4 are in threaded connection, and the rotation freedom degree of the matching piece 4 can be limited and then can be quickly locked along with the rotation of the locking piece 3. The limit matching structure of the first limit surface 611 and the first matching surface 45 is simple and has high reliability. As shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, the present application schematically illustrates that the stop protrusion 42 has a polygonal structure with a rectangular cross section, so that the inner surface of the second positioning member 6 may also have a rectangular structure adapted to the stop protrusion 42, four outer side surfaces of the stop protrusion 42 may form the first mating surface 45, and four inner side surfaces of the second positioning member 6 may also form the first limiting surface 611. Of course, the stop protrusion 42 may have other suitable structures, such as a triangle, a pentagon, or even an irregular polygon structure, and only the first mating surface 45 disposed thereon is required to be in limit fit with the first limiting surface 611 disposed in the second positioning member 6 to limit rotation of the mating member 4.

Regarding the specific structure of the second positioning member 6, in a preferred example, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 5, the second positioning member 6 may be connected to a vehicle body, and includes a main body portion 61, a mating cavity is formed in the main body portion 61, a first end of the main body portion 61 near the first locking unit is provided with an opening for the locking member 3 to extend into the mating cavity so as to be capable of locking with the mating member 4, the second positioning member 6 is further provided with a first hole shoulder 613 disposed around the opening, and the stop protrusion 42 abuts against the first hole shoulder 613 when the locking member 3 is locked with the mating member 4.

By adopting the structure, the stop bulge 42 can be used for limiting the first elastic piece 5, and can also be propped against the first hole shoulder 613 in the locking process of the locking piece 3 and the matching piece 4, when the stop bulge 42 is propped against the first hole shoulder 613, a technical prompt that the locking piece 3 and the matching piece 4 are locked in place is given, and the locking strength and the reliability of the locking piece 3 and the matching piece 4 are ensured. Meanwhile, the first hole shoulder 613 also serves as a limiting structure for limiting the matching piece 4 in the matching cavity, so that the matching piece 4 is prevented from falling out of the opening. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, a first positioning flange 612 extending outward in the circumferential direction may be provided on the outer periphery of the main body 61, and the second positioning member 6 may be fixed to the vehicle body by the first positioning flange 612. The setting of first location protruding edge 612 is convenient for second setting element 6 and automobile body reliably fix, can not produce the interference to the cooperation piece 4 and the first elastic component 5 of cooperation intracavity when fixed, and the reliable of second setting element 6 and automobile body is fixed, has also strengthened the intensity of locking mechanism, makes it can bear the battery package more reliably and more stably. Preferably, the second positioning member 6 may be reliably fixed to the vehicle body by fastening members such as screws penetrating the first positioning flange 612 and being connected to the vehicle body.

Further, as shown in fig. 2 and 5, the body portion 61 may be provided with an opening at a second end opposite to the first end, the opening being detachably connected to an end cap 62 so as to be able to open or close the opening. The end cap 62 is detachable to open the mating cavity in the main body 61 for replacement of the mating member 4 and the first elastic member 5. Preferably, the end cap 62 is removable by a screw connection with the body portion 61.

As to the manner of fitting the operation member 2 and the first positioning member 1, as shown in fig. 6, as a preferred embodiment of the present application, a working chamber for accommodating the operation member 2 may be provided in the first positioning member 1, the operation member 2 may be fitted with the first positioning member 1 in the working chamber to form a limiting space, a first end of the locking member 3 may be defined in the limiting space, and a second end of the locking member 3 may protrude from the limiting space to be locked or unlocked with the fitting member 4. The first end of the locking piece 3 is limited in the limiting space so as to form limiting fit with the operating piece 2, so that the locking piece 3 is driven to rotate when the operating piece 2 rotates, and the second end of the locking piece 3 stretches out of the limiting space so as to be conveniently locked or unlocked with the matching piece 4. In a preferred embodiment, the mating element 4 can be configured as a threaded nut structure, the locking element 3 being configured as a threaded bolt with an external thread which protrudes through the limit space and is in locking engagement with the threaded bore of the mating element 4. The battery pack and the vehicle body are locked through screwing the locking piece 3 and the matching piece 4, the matching strength is higher, the reliability and stability of the battery pack in the vehicle body locking are fully guaranteed, and even in the bottom electricity changing mode, the high-strength locking mechanism can provide reliable support for the large-weight battery pack.

In this embodiment, as a preferred example, as shown in fig. 6 to 8, regarding the specific structure of the operating member 2, the operating member 2 may include a limiting end 22 and an operating end 21, where the limiting end 22 is rotatably connected in the working cavity, the end of the limiting end 22 near the second locking unit is provided with a limiting groove 221, the end of the limiting groove 221 near the second locking unit is matched with the end of the first positioning member 1 to form a limiting space, the periphery of the first end is provided with a second matching surface 31, a second limiting surface 222 is provided in the limiting groove 221, and the second matching surface 31 is in limiting fit with the second limiting surface 222 so as to drive the locking member 3 to rotate when the operating member 2 rotates, and the end of the first positioning member 1 far away from the second locking unit is open for extending at least part of the operating end 21.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, by providing the limiting end 22 of the operating member 2 with the limiting groove 221, the first end of the locking member 3 may be defined in the limiting groove 221 and be in limiting engagement with the operating member 2, such that rotation of the operating member 2 rotates the locking member 3. Specifically, the second matching surface 31 arranged on the periphery of the locking piece 3 is in limit fit with the second limiting surface 222 in the limiting groove 221 to realize linkage of the operating piece 2 and the locking piece 3, so that the locking piece 3 can rotate along with rotation of the operating piece 2, and the locking device is simple in structure, convenient to install and high in reliability. As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the present application schematically illustrates that the first end of the locking member 3 has a polygonal structure with a rectangular cross section, so that the inner surface of the limiting groove 221 may also have a rectangular structure adapted to the first end of the locking member 3, four outer side surfaces of the first end of the locking member 3 may all form the second mating surface 31, and four inner side surfaces of the limiting groove 221 may also all form the second limiting surface 222. Of course, similar to the first limiting surface 611 and the first mating surface 45, the first end of the locking member 3 may have other suitable structures, and only the second mating surface 31 disposed thereon is required to be in limiting fit with the second limiting surface 222 disposed in the limiting groove 221, so as to enable the locking member 3 to rotate along with the rotation of the operating member 2. The limiting end 22 can rotate in the working cavity to drive the locking piece 3 to rotate, the operating end 21 extends out of the first positioning piece 1, and an operator can conveniently hold the locking piece in a hand or rotate the operating end 21 through a tool to unlock or lock the locking mechanism.

In order to ensure a reliable rotation of the operating element 2 in the first positioning element 1, as a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, 7 and 9, the limit end 22 can be rotationally connected to the first positioning element 1 by means of a ball 7; the periphery of the limiting end 22 is provided with a first annular limiting groove 223, the inner wall of the working cavity is provided with a second annular limiting groove 11, and the first annular limiting groove 223 and the second annular limiting groove 11 are matched and encircled to form a rotary slideway for accommodating the balls 7. Because the rotational connection is realized between the operating piece 2 and the first positioning piece 1 through the ball 7, the rotational friction between the operating piece 2 and the first positioning piece 1 is reduced, the rotation of the operating piece 2 is smoother and more labor-saving, the frictional wear of the operating piece 2 and the first positioning piece 1 can be reduced, and the service life is prolonged. The balls 7 enable the operation piece 2 to rotate more smoothly relative to the first positioning piece 1, and the cooperation of the balls 7 with the second annular limiting groove 11 and the first annular limiting groove 223 can limit the operation piece 2, so that the operation piece 2 is prevented from moving along the axial direction of the first positioning piece 1.

As an alternative embodiment, although not shown in the drawings, the limiting end and the first positioning member may be rotatably connected through a bearing, a first annular limiting groove is disposed on the periphery of the operating member, a second annular limiting groove is disposed on the inner wall of the working cavity, and the first annular limiting groove and the second annular limiting groove are combined to form an annular mounting cavity for accommodating the bearing. During specific installation, the bearing is installed in the annular installation cavity, and the operating piece penetrates through the inner ring of the bearing.

In order to ensure the reliability of the locking mechanism, in this embodiment, as a preferred example, as shown in fig. 6 and 10, the locking mechanism may further include an anti-loosening member 8, where the anti-loosening member 8 is movably disposed in the first positioning member 1 to have a first position and a second position, where: in the first position, the anti-loose element 8 is in anti-rotation fit with the operating end 21 to limit the rotation of the operating element 2; in the second position, the locking element 8 is disengaged from the operating end 21 to allow the operating element 2 to rotate.

As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the locking element 8 is in a locked engagement with the operating element 2 when in the first position to limit the rotation of the operating element 2, so as to prevent the operating element 2 from spontaneously rotating to drive the locking element 3 to unlock, thereby ensuring the locking reliability of the locking structure and further improving the stability of the battery pack. When the anti-loose piece 8 is located at the second position, the restriction on the operation piece 2 is released, so that the operation piece 2 can rotate, and the operation piece 2 can drive the locking piece 3 to lock or unlock.

Regarding the manner in which the locking member 8 is in locked engagement with the operating member 2, the present application is not limited, and in a preferred example, as shown in fig. 6, 7 and 10, the locking member 8 may be provided with an annular gear 81, the operating end 21 includes a mating shaft section 211 and a avoiding shaft section 212 along the axial direction, the mating shaft section 211 is provided with an outer gear ring 2111, the outer surface of the avoiding shaft section 212 is smoothly arranged, and the locking member 8 slides along the axial direction of the operating end 21 to switch between the first position and the second position; in the first position, the locking element 8 restricts the rotation of the operating element 2 by the engagement of the inner ring gear 81 with the outer ring gear 2111 on the engagement shaft section 211; in the second position, the anti-loose member 8 is sleeved on the avoidance shaft section 212 so as to enable the operation member 2 to rotate.

Fig. 6 shows a state of the locking element 8 in the first position, where the locking element is in rotation-stopping fit with the operating element 2 through the annular gear 81 and the outer annular gear 2111, at this time, the locking element 8 can be pushed to move upwards to a second position sleeved on the avoidance shaft section 212, and in specific implementation, the diameter of the section of the avoidance shaft section 212 can be smaller than that of the matching shaft section 211 so that the avoidance shaft section 212 is not in contact with the annular gear 81 of the locking element 8, so that the operating element 2 can rotate, and of course, the outer surface of the avoidance shaft section 212 is smoothly arranged, so that the rotation of the operating element 2 can not be blocked even if the annular gear 81 of the locking element 8 is abutted against the avoidance shaft section 212. The locking piece 8 restricts the rotation of the operating piece 2 through the engagement of the inner gear ring 81 and the outer gear ring 2111, and has simple structure, convenient installation and reliable rotation stopping limit.

Further, as shown in fig. 9 to 10, the outer periphery of the locking member 8 is provided with a sliding protrusion 82, the inner wall of the working chamber is provided with a sliding groove 12, the sliding groove 12 extends along the axial direction of the working chamber, the sliding protrusion 82 is in sliding fit with the sliding groove 12 to switch between a first position and a second position, and the sliding protrusion 82 is in limiting fit with the sliding groove 12 to limit the rotation of the locking member 8 relative to the first positioning member 1.

As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the cooperation of the sliding protrusion 82 and the chute 12 forms a limit and a guide for the locking element 8, so that not only is the locking element 8 prevented from rotating relative to the first positioning element 1 to drive the operating element 2 to rotate, but also the locking element 8 is prevented from moving more stably and smoothly along the axial direction of the operating element 2.

Further, as shown in fig. 6 and 9, a second hole shoulder 13 extending along the circumferential direction of the working cavity may be provided in the first positioning element 1, and a second elastic element 9 is provided between the locking element 8 and the second hole shoulder 13, where the second elastic element 9 is used to drive the locking element 8 to automatically move from the second position to the first position. By the arrangement of the second elastic member 9, it is convenient to automatically return the locking member 8 from the second position to the first position by the elastic force of the second elastic member 9 after the external force applied to the locking member 8 is removed. In addition, in the implementation, as shown in fig. 6, a snap ring 10 may be installed at the open position of the first positioning member 1, and the first position of the locking member 8 is limited by the snap ring 10, so as to prevent the locking member 8 from being separated from the first positioning member 1.

In this embodiment, as a preferred example, as shown in fig. 9, a second positioning flange 14 extending outward in the circumferential direction may be provided on the outer periphery of the first positioning member 1, and the first positioning member 1 may be fixed to the battery pack by the second positioning flange 14. The setting of the protruding edge 14 of second location is convenient for first setting element 1 and battery package reliably fix, can not produce the interference to locking piece 3, operating piece 2, locking piece 8 etc. in the working chamber when fixed, and the reliable of first setting element 1 and battery package is fixed, has also strengthened the intensity of locking mechanism, makes it can bear the battery package more reliably and more stably. Preferably, the first positioning member 1 may be reliably fixed to the battery pack by fastening members such as screws penetrating the second positioning flange 14 and being connected to the battery pack.

An electric vehicle according to the present application, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, includes a vehicle body 20 (only a part of the vehicle body at the installation site or a structure connected to the vehicle body is shown in the drawing), a battery pack 30 (only a part of the battery pack at the installation site or a structure connected to the battery pack is shown in the drawing), and a battery pack locking mechanism as described above for locking and unlocking the battery pack 30 to the vehicle body 20. Specifically, the first locking unit may be disposed on the battery pack 30, the second locking unit may be disposed on the vehicle body 20, and the battery pack 30 may be detachably mounted on the vehicle body 20 by locking the first locking unit and the second locking unit to realize quick replacement of the battery pack 30. In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of second locking units may be respectively disposed at bottoms of two longitudinal beams of the vehicle body, and a plurality of first locking units are correspondingly disposed at tops of the battery packs, so that the battery packs are reliably fixed through one-to-one locking cooperation of the plurality of first locking units and the second locking units on the basis of realizing bottom power conversion.

It should be noted that, since the electric vehicle provided by the present application includes the battery pack locking mechanism in any one of the foregoing embodiments and examples, the battery pack locking mechanism has the beneficial effects that the electric vehicle provided by the present application includes, and no description is given here.

The application can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art at the places which are not described in the application.

In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments.

The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the application are to be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (15)

1. The utility model provides a battery package locking mechanism for battery package and electric vehicle's automobile body locking or unblock realize the quick change of battery package, its characterized in that, locking mechanism includes first locking unit and second locking unit, first locking unit is located on the battery package, the second locking unit is located on the automobile body, first locking unit includes first setting element, operating element and locking piece, the operating element with first setting element rotates to be connected, the operating element with first setting element cooperation encloses into spacing space, at least part of locking element is defined in spacing space, be equipped with floatable cooperation piece in the second locking unit, the operating element can drive when rotating the locking piece rotatory so that the locking element with cooperation piece locking or unblock.

2. The battery pack locking mechanism of claim 1, wherein,

the second locking unit further includes a first elastic member connected between the mating member and the vehicle body such that the mating member is floatable.

3. The battery pack locking mechanism of claim 2, wherein,

the matching piece comprises a shaft rod extending along the vertical direction and a stop protrusion located at the end part of the shaft rod, which is close to one end of the first locking unit, the shaft rod is provided with a lock hole used for locking the locking piece, the lock hole extends along the axial direction and faces to the first locking unit, and the first elastic piece is sleeved on the shaft rod and located between the stop protrusion and the vehicle body.

4. The battery pack locking mechanism as in claim 3, wherein,

the end part of the lock hole, which is close to one end of the first locking unit, is provided with a guide inclined plane which can guide the locking piece to be matched with the lock hole.

5. The battery pack locking mechanism as in claim 3, wherein,

the second locking unit further comprises a second positioning piece, a matching cavity is arranged in the second positioning piece and used for accommodating the matching piece and the first elastic piece, and the first elastic piece is arranged between the matching piece and the second positioning piece, so that the matching piece floats in the matching cavity through the first elastic piece.

6. The battery pack locking mechanism of claim 5, wherein,

the periphery of the stop protrusion is provided with a first matching surface, the inner wall of the second positioning piece is provided with a first limiting surface, and the first matching surface is in limiting fit with the first limiting surface so as to limit the matching piece to rotate relative to the second positioning piece.

7. The battery pack locking mechanism of claim 5, wherein,

the second locating piece with the automobile body links to each other, and includes the main part, the cooperation chamber form in the main part, the main part be close to first locking unit's first end be equipped with the opening with the cooperation chamber link up, the opening supplies the locking piece stretches into in the cooperation chamber in order to can with the cooperation piece locking, the second locating piece still is equipped with around the first hole shoulder that the opening set up, the locking piece with during the cooperation piece locking the backstop arch with first hole shoulder offsets.

8. The battery pack locking mechanism of claim 1, wherein,

the first locating piece is internally provided with a working cavity for accommodating the operating piece, the operating piece is matched with the first locating piece in the working cavity to form a limiting space, the first end of the locking piece is limited in the limiting space, and the second end of the locking piece extends out of the limiting space to be locked or unlocked with the matching piece.

9. The battery pack locking mechanism of claim 8, wherein,

the operation piece includes spacing end and operation end, the spacing end rotates to be connected in the working chamber, the spacing end is close to the tip of second locking unit is equipped with the spacing groove, the spacing groove with first setting element is close to the tip cooperation of second locking unit forms spacing space, the periphery of first end is equipped with the second mating surface, be equipped with the spacing face of second in the spacing groove, the second mating surface with the spacing cooperation of second mating surface makes the operation piece drives when rotating the locking piece takes place to rotate, first setting element is kept away from the tip of second locking unit is uncovered for at least part the operation end stretches out.

10. The battery pack locking mechanism of claim 9, wherein,

the limiting end is in rotary connection with the first positioning piece through a bearing or a ball;

the periphery of the limiting end is provided with a first annular limiting groove, the inner wall of the working cavity is provided with a second annular limiting groove, and the first annular limiting groove and the second annular limiting groove are matched to form a rotary slideway for accommodating the ball or an annular mounting cavity for accommodating the bearing.

11. The battery pack locking mechanism of claim 9, wherein,

the locking mechanism further comprises a locking piece movably arranged in the first positioning piece to have a first position and a second position, wherein: in the first position, the anti-loose piece is in anti-rotation fit with the operation end to limit the rotation of the operation piece; in the second position, the locking piece is separated from the operation end so that the operation piece can rotate.

12. The battery pack locking mechanism as in claim 11, wherein,

the anti-loose piece is provided with an annular gear, the operation end axially comprises a matching shaft section and an avoidance shaft section, the matching shaft section is provided with an outer gear ring, the outer surface of the avoidance shaft section is smoothly arranged, and the anti-loose piece axially slides along the operation end to switch the first position and the second position;

in the first position, the locking piece limits the rotation of the operating piece through the matching of the inner gear ring and the outer gear ring; in the second position, the anti-loose member is sleeved on the avoidance shaft section so that the operation member can rotate.

13. The battery pack locking mechanism as in claim 12, wherein,

The anti-loose piece is characterized in that a sliding convex part is arranged on the periphery of the anti-loose piece, a sliding groove is formed in the inner wall of the working cavity, the sliding groove extends along the axial direction of the working cavity, the sliding convex part is in sliding fit with the sliding groove so as to switch between a first position and a second position, and the sliding convex part is in limiting fit with the sliding groove so as to limit the anti-loose piece to rotate relative to the first positioning piece.

14. The battery pack locking mechanism as in claim 13, wherein,

the first locating piece is internally provided with a second hole shoulder extending along the circumferential direction of the working cavity, a second elastic piece is arranged between the anti-loose piece and the second hole shoulder and used for driving the anti-loose piece to automatically move from the second position to the first position.

15. An electric vehicle comprising a vehicle body, a battery pack, and the battery pack locking mechanism of any one of claims 1 to 14 for locking and unlocking the battery pack to the vehicle body.