CN220067328U - Daily power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a day by day power generation system, contains power generation unit, tracks seat frame and control unit, power generation unit contains solar cell panel, solar cell panel set up in track the upper end of seat frame, track seat frame by control unit control is through the orientation follow sun of removal solar cell panel, keep solar cell panel and sunlight are perpendicular, track seat frame is position-every single move formula revolving stage structure, mainly comprises position revolving stage, every single move drive arrangement two big whole pieces, reliably is connected with high strength bolt through the connecting axle between the two big whole pieces, and the position revolving stage is by step motor drive worm gear, realizes that solar cell panel 340 scope is rotatory. The solar cell panel orientation adjusting device has the advantages of simple structure and low cost, can automatically calculate and correct coordinate positions at different times without manual intervention, and is particularly suitable for the conditions of complex weather change and unattended operation.

Description

Daily power generation system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of new energy power generation, in particular to a daily power generation system.

Background

At present, the photovoltaic power generation technology is one of the main means of solar energy utilization, but solar energy is an energy source with low density, intermittence and continuously changing illumination direction and intensity along with time, and higher requirements are also put on the collection and utilization of solar energy, and a plurality of solar cell panel arrays are basically fixed, so that the utilization of solar energy resources is insufficient, and the power generation efficiency is low. Therefore, developing a low-cost solar automatic tracking system with practical value is a main way to maximize solar energy utilization.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present utility model is mainly directed to providing a daily power generation system, which has the advantages of simple structure and low cost, and can automatically adjust the orientation of a solar panel according to the direction of sunlight to maintain the maximum conversion efficiency, and further to provide a system which does not need manual intervention in the tracking process, and is suitable for complex weather changes and unattended operation.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a daily power generation system which mainly comprises a power generation unit, a tracking seat frame, a control unit and a plurality of matched auxiliary devices. The power generation unit comprises a solar cell panel, the solar cell panel is arranged at the upper end of a tracking seat frame, the tracking seat frame is controlled by a control unit to follow the sun by moving the orientation of the solar cell panel, the solar cell panel is kept vertical to sunlight, the tracking seat frame is of an azimuth-elevation type rotary table structure and mainly comprises two large whole pieces of an azimuth rotary table and an elevation driving device, the two large whole pieces are reliably connected with a high-strength bolt through a connecting shaft, the azimuth rotary table is driven by a stepping motor to drive a worm gear and a worm, and the solar cell panel can rotate in a large range by at least 340 degrees.

Preferably, the control unit is an ARM-based sunlight automatic tracking system, and mainly comprises an ARM core main control circuit, a light intensity detection circuit, a signal amplification circuit, a stepping motor driving circuit, a display circuit and an internet of things module. In addition, the intelligent solar energy monitoring system can also comprise a wind speed sensor and an alarm unit, wherein the display circuit and the Internet of things module are respectively an OLED display circuit and a 4G mobile WIFI Internet of things module, and the control unit comprises a dual mode of sun-viewing track tracking and photoelectric sensor tracking.

Further, the control unit can receive remote control through a network cable or a wireless interface or calculate and correct coordinate positions at different times according to input information.

Preferably, the azimuth turntable and the pitching driving device are respectively provided with an electrical limit and a mechanical limit for ensuring the stability and the safety of the system, and the tracking seat frame can be provided with a hail prevention state, a windproof state and a working state.

The azimuth turntable comprises an azimuth base, a pitching support, an azimuth speed reducer and an electric pitching push rod, pitching of a pitching driving device is driven by a stepping motor and lifted by a screw rod mechanism, and the pitching driving device mainly comprises a pitching platform, a pitching support, a pitching platform connecting part, a pitching push rod, a pitching speed reducer and a pitching motor, and the positioning is fed back by a Hall device; the photovoltaic panel is arranged on the front surface of the pitching platform, the back surface of the pitching platform is provided with a plurality of pitching platform connecting parts, and the pitching platform connecting parts are respectively connected with the pitching support and the pitching push rod through connecting shafts; the bottom of the pitching support is arranged in the middle of the azimuth base, the lower end of the pitching support transversely extends out of a horizontal support rod, and the bottom end of the pitching push rod is arranged on the other side of the horizontal support rod.

The tracking seat frame can further comprise a supporting tube, the supporting tube is of a circular tube structure, a threading hole is formed in the supporting tube, a fixed end is arranged at the lower end of the supporting tube, the stepping motor passes through an azimuth rotary table of an azimuth speed reducer, and the azimuth speed reducer is a worm gear speed reducer and is arranged at the top end of the supporting tube.

Preferably, the pitching support is a bearing assembled in the rotation central shaft joint part, and the supporting surface of the pitching support is an inclined plane capable of better sharing the stress.

The pitching support can be an inverted triangle truss, a plurality of connecting shafts connected with the pitching platform connecting parts are arranged on the cross rod at the upper end of the pitching support, and a rotary connecting part and a supporting tube are arranged at the bottom end of the azimuth turntable and are in rotary connection.

The automatic sun-tracking system has the beneficial effects that by means of the technical scheme, the panel is moved to follow the sun all the day, so that the angle of the panel for receiving solar radiation is optimized, the solar panel always keeps vertical alignment with sunlight from sunrise to sunset, and the maximum conversion efficiency is maintained. The control unit is a novel ARM-based sunlight automatic tracking system, the system not only realizes the function of automatically adjusting the orientation of the solar cell panel according to the sunlight direction, and has the advantages of simple structure and low cost, but also can automatically calculate and correct coordinate positions at different times in the tracking process without manual intervention, is particularly suitable for the conditions of complex weather change and unattended operation, effectively improves the utilization rate of solar energy, and has better popularization and application values; meanwhile, by means of the design of universalization, serialization and modularization, the compatibility and interchangeability of equipment are improved, so that the requirements of compact system structure and convenience in use and maintenance are met, and the intelligent network cable system is provided with a network cable and a wireless interface, can be controlled remotely, and can meet the requirement of Internet of things.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the maximum angle overview of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a general schematic of the present utility model in a windbreak condition;

FIG. 3 is a general schematic of the operational state of the present utility model;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of an antenna base of the day-by-day system of the present utility model;

fig. 5 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a control unit of the day-by-day system of the present utility model.

Wherein:

10-azimuth base 11-azimuth motor

12-direction speed reducer

20 pitch platform 21 pitch push rod

22 every single move speed reducer 23 every single move motor

24 pitch support 25 pitch platform connection

26 horizontal support bar

3 support tube

32 fixed end

And 4, a solar cell panel.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the utility model is further specifically described below through examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model.

The utility model relates to a daily power generation system which mainly comprises a power generation unit, a tracking seat frame, a control unit, auxiliary equipment such as a plurality of matched accessories and the like.

The daily power generation system has three states of hail prevention state, windproof state and working state. Referring to fig. 1-3, there are shown a maximum angle (hail suppression) view, a windbreak view, and an operational view (angle of about 45 degrees) view, respectively, of the tracking mount of the present utility model. The daily power generation system can respectively enter an hail prevention state, a wind prevention state and a working state according to environmental factors.

Fig. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of the antenna base of the day-by-day system according to the present utility model. The tracking seat frame is an azimuth-elevation type turntable structure, and mainly comprises two large whole pieces of an azimuth turntable and an elevation driving device, wherein the two large whole pieces are reliably connected with a high-strength bolt through a connecting shaft. In this specific embodiment, the pitch drive device mainly includes a pitch platform 20, a pitch support 24, a pitch platform connection portion 25, a pitch pushrod 21, a pitch speed reducer 22, and a pitch motor 23. The azimuth turntable mainly comprises an azimuth base 10, an azimuth motor 11, an azimuth speed reducer 12 and a supporting tube 3; the supporting tube is of a circular tube structure, a threading hole is formed in the supporting tube, and a fixed end 32 is arranged at the lower end of the supporting tube.

The photovoltaic panel (solar panel 4) is arranged on the front surface of the pitching platform 20, a plurality of pitching platform connecting parts 25 are arranged on the back surface of the pitching platform 20, and the pitching platform connecting parts 25 are respectively connected with the pitching support 24 and the pitching push rod 21 through connecting shafts. The middle of the azimuth base 10 is located to every single move support 24 bottom, and every single move support 24 lower extreme transversely extends a horizontal bracing piece 26, every single move push rod 21 bottom is located the horizontal bracing piece 26 opposite side, in this implementation, every single move support 24 is the triangle-shaped truss that falls, its upper end horizontal pole be equipped with a plurality of with every single move platform connecting portion 25 connection's connecting axle, the bottom of azimuth revolving stage is provided with swivelling joint portion and stay tube 3 swivelling joint.

The pitching can be driven by a direct current motor and lifted by a screw mechanism, the pitching of the pitching driving device of the embodiment is driven by a stepping motor (a pitching speed reducer 22 and a pitching motor 23), the screw mechanism is lifted, and the positioning is fed back by a Hall device; the azimuth adopts a direct current motor to drive a worm gear, namely, the azimuth turntable is driven by a stepping motor (an azimuth motor 11 and an azimuth speed reducer 12) to adjust the azimuth, so that 340-degree range rotation is realized.

In addition, the azimuth and the pitching are both electrically limited and mechanically limited, so that the stability and the safety of the system are ensured.

Wherein:

1. azimuth base

The azimuth base can be composed of a Q345 steel plate, has good impact resistance and is simple in structure.

2. Pitching support

Referring to fig. 1-4, the elevation support 24 is the component of the overall antenna mount that is raised and lowered, and the center of rotation of the antenna. The bearing is assembled in the bottom end of the azimuth rotary table, so that the bearing is convenient to fix and support, and the bearing surface can better share the stress by adopting an inclined plane.

3. Direction speed reducer

In the specific implementation, the azimuth speed reducer adopts a special photovoltaic worm gear speed reducer, and has the characteristics of large anti-overturning force, high bearing capacity, high precision and the like. In this specific embodiment, a worm gear reducer is selected according to the calculation end, the second stage is a planetary reducer, and the primary stage is a reducer. The motor is a stepping motor, the model is BYG250, and the maximum rotating speed of the motor is 390rpm according to a design index.

4. The pitching push rod is an electric push rod.

In addition, referring to fig. 5, a block diagram of the overall configuration of the control unit of the day-by-day system of the present utility model is shown. The control unit consists of an ARM core main control circuit, a light intensity detection circuit, a signal amplification circuit, a stepping motor driving circuit, an OLED display circuit, a 4G mobile WIFI thing networking module, a wind speed sensor, an alarm unit and the like.

The main components of the overall constituent system of the control unit of the present utility model will now be briefly described as follows:

(1) Core main control circuit

The ARM core main control circuit is based on an embedded platform, takes ARM as a central processing unit and is matched with a communication interface circuit with each function to realize the control and communication functions.

The central processing unit selects STM32 series 32 bit micro controller, STM32 is high performance and low cost micro controller based on ARM Cortex-M7 kernel. Because the STM32 is based on the kernel of the industrial standard, has a large amount of tools and software support, is easy to develop, has abundant peripheral resources, and has wide application in industrial control.

(2) Function realized by core main control circuit

1) And acquiring wind speed information detected by the wind sensor, analyzing the wind speed, and deciding whether to enter a collection protection state according to the wind speed.

2) And detecting whether voltages of the upper, lower, left and right photoresistors of the silicon wafer are equal, and if the voltages are unequal, deciding whether to enter a track tracking or fine tuning state of the daily movement track according to the intensity of the voltages.

3) The position control driving circuit of the current sun is calculated to point to the position according to the time information provided by the clock module, and in addition, whether the sunrise and sunset decision is whether the sunrise enters the initial position in advance to wait or whether the sunset enters the collection protection state can be judged according to the time information provided by the clock module.

4) The state information acquired by the main control circuit is displayed through an LCD display screen, such as the current time, the sun position and the like.

5) And collecting and reporting the current state signal.

(3) Light intensity detection circuit

The photoelectric sensor is a photoresistor. The photoresistor belongs to a nonpolar Om structure, so that the photoresistor is convenient and easy to use. Wherein the sensitivity of the cadmium sulfide photoresistor to light waves is approximately between 400nm and 800nm and is basically consistent with the visible light wavelength range of 380nm to 760nm of sunlight. The photoresistor can directly react the illumination intensity in the form of voltage in the series circuit, so that the photoelectric detection circuit is simpler.

(4) Clock unit

The master time reference uses a DS1302 clock chip to provide time information. The position of the sun relative to the earth changes slowly so there is no need for the tracking device to run at all times. When the system is running, the DSI302 starts timing, data is sent to the singlechip every ten minutes, and the main control unit recalculates the sun angle for positioning and scans photoelectric detection data according to time. Assuming that the effective time of the solar light intensity is 8 a.m. to 6 a.m., after the clock chip counts for 10 hours, the main control unit controls the storage protection state to be entered, and the time control system entering eight o 'clock is returned to the eight o' clock solving position in a.m. to wait so as to be convenient for the operation in the next day.

(5) OLED display unit

The main control unit collects the current system state in real time and displays the current system state on the OLED display unit. The system state comprises the current system time, the current calculated solar azimuth pitch angle, the limit state, the voltage of the photoresistor, the system parameters and the like. The system parameters can also be adjusted by external keys.

(6) Stepping motor driving circuit

The driving circuit drives the stepping motor in a PWM pulse mode, the stepping motor is controlled in an open loop mode, and a plurality of detection and feedback devices and control circuits can be omitted. The device has the characteristics of large output torque, good dynamic performance, small step angle and the like, and has higher cost performance in a low-speed control (below 1000 rpm) environment by using a stepping motor for precise control. Even with closed loop control (e.g., incorporating rotary encoders), the cost is far less than the control cost of the servo motor.

(7) Alarm unit module

The circuit consists of a buzzer, a triode and an LED diode. When the system runs, and faults are encountered, if the stepping motor does not rotate beyond the set time, the stepping motor rotates to run, and the like, the buzzer sounds, and the LED diode is lightened. Thus, problems occurring in the system can be found out so as to be adjusted in time.

(8) Fault detection and determination

And (5) collecting overload fault signals output by the stepping driver and directly alarming.

The system checks the voltage output by the two sides of the silicon polished section, taking one of the conditions as an example, when the left voltage is larger than the right voltage and the absolute value of the voltage difference of the two sides is larger than a set value, the voltage difference is unchanged after the motor does not rotate for more than 30S, the buzzer alarms, and the motor is checked and adjusted until the motor rotates. The process is similar to that described in the previous paragraph, if the motor should rotate but not rotate during the horizontal rotation of the motor and the vertical rotation of the motor, and an alarm occurs.

(9) 4G (fourth generation) internet of things module

The specific embodiment is that the 4G internet of things module provides 4G network, wireless WIFI and LAN port communication. The control and monitoring can be remotely performed through the 4G network without manual work on site. The local mobile phone can also be controlled and monitored through the WIFI network. The plurality of flat panel array control units can share one 4G Internet of things module through the exchange network.

(10) Wind speed sensor

The wind speed sensor is a device for measuring wind speed, has small and light appearance and is convenient to carry and assemble. The wind speed information can be effectively obtained, and the shell is made of high-quality aluminum alloy sections or polycarbonate composite materials, is rain-proof, corrosion-resistant and ageing-resistant, and is a safe and reliable intelligent instrument and meter convenient to use. Is mainly used in the fields of weather, agriculture, ships and the like, can be used outdoors for a long time. The sun tracking method adopted by the utility model is a dual-mode control unit combining sun-viewing movement track tracking and photoelectric tracking.

(11) The day-by-day system adopts a dual-mode control system,

the principle of sun-viewing track tracking is that according to the sun running track, a computer (the parameters of the sun altitude and azimuth angle from sunrise to sunset in each day are calculated by astronomical formulas) is used for controlling a motor to rotate so as to drive a tracking device to track the sun. The tracking mode usually adopts open loop control, because the sun position calculation is closely related to the geographic position (such as latitude, longitude and the like) and the system clock, the tracking precision of the tracking device depends on the accuracy of input information, and the coincidence degree of the reference coordinate system of the tracking device and the sun position coordinate system, namely the initial installation of the tracking device needs to be adjusted in horizontal and north.

The photoelectric sensor tracking mode utilizes the principle that the resistance value of the photoresistors changes in illumination, and two identical photoresistors are respectively arranged below the east-west edges of one battery plate (half of the photoresistors can receive light when the light is perpendicular to the battery plate, and the other half of the photoresistors are arranged below). If the sunlight irradiates the solar panel vertically, the illumination intensity received by the two photoresistors is the same, so that the resistance values of the photoresistors are completely equal, and the motor does not rotate at the moment. When the sunlight direction and the perpendicular direction of the battery plate form an included angle, the resistance value of the photoresistors with high received light intensity is reduced, and the motor is driven to rotate until the illumination intensity on the two photoresistors is the same. Its advantages are precise control and easy implementation. The disadvantage is that it is greatly affected by weather. If clouds cover the sun in a long period of time, solar rays cannot always shine on the silicon photoelectric tube, so that the tracking device cannot aim at the sun, and even misoperation of the actuating mechanism can be caused.

Therefore, according to the environment conditions, the utility model adopts the photoelectric sensor tracking mode in sunny weather and strong solar irradiance, and automatically switches to the solar running track tracking mode in overcast and rainy weather and weak solar rays, and the two control modes are mutually matched, so that the defects are overcome, and the high-precision all-weather automatic tracking can be realized.

(12) The servo index of the utility model

1) Range of motion:

azimuth angle: 0-340 degrees;

pitch angle: 90 ° -35 ° (90 ° -towards the sky);

2) Device supply voltage: DC24V.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present utility model and not for limiting the same, and although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the present utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the present utility model, and all modifications and equivalents are intended to be included in the scope of the claims of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. A day-by-day power generation system, comprising: the solar energy tracking system comprises a power generation unit, a tracking seat frame and a control unit, wherein the power generation unit comprises a solar cell panel, the solar cell panel is arranged at the upper end of the tracking seat frame, the tracking seat frame is controlled by the control unit to follow the sun through the direction of moving the solar cell panel, the solar cell panel is kept vertical to sunlight, the tracking seat frame is of a direction-pitching type turntable structure and mainly comprises two large parts of a direction turntable and a pitching driving device, the two large parts are reliably connected with a high-strength bolt through a connecting shaft, and the direction turntable is driven by a stepping motor to rotate in the horizontal direction of the solar cell panel.

2. A day-to-day power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is an ARM-based sunlight automatic tracking system.

3. A day-to-day power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the control unit is capable of receiving remote control via a network cable or a wireless interface or calculating and correcting coordinate positions at different times based on input information.

4. A day-by-day power generation system according to claim 1, wherein: the tracking seat frame has three states of hail prevention state, windproof state and working state.

5. The daily power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the azimuth turntable comprises an azimuth base, an azimuth speed reducer and an electric pitching push rod, pitching of the pitching driving device is driven by a stepping motor and lifted by a screw mechanism, and the pitching driving device mainly comprises a pitching platform, a pitching support, a pitching platform connecting part, a pitching push rod, a pitching speed reducer and a pitching motor, and the positioning is fed back by a Hall device; the photovoltaic panel is arranged on the front surface of the pitching platform, the back surface of the pitching platform is provided with a plurality of pitching platform connecting parts, and the pitching platform connecting parts are respectively connected with the pitching support and the pitching push rod through connecting shafts; the bottom of the pitching support is arranged in the middle of the azimuth base, the lower end of the pitching support transversely extends out of a horizontal support rod, and the bottom end of the pitching push rod is arranged on the other side of the horizontal support rod.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the tracking seat frame further comprises a support tube, the support tube is of a circular tube structure, a threading hole is formed in the support tube, a fixed end is arranged at the lower end of the support tube, the stepping motor passes through an azimuth rotary table of an azimuth speed reducer, and the azimuth speed reducer is a worm gear speed reducer and is arranged at the top end of the support tube.

7. A day-by-day power generation system according to claim 5 or claim 6 wherein the pitch support is a rotating central hub internally fitted bearing with a bearing surface arranged as a ramp to better share the force.

8. A day-by-day power generation system according to claim 1 wherein the azimuth turntable and pitch drive means are both provided with electrical and mechanical limits to ensure stability and safety of the system, the azimuth turntable having a range of rotation of at least 340 °.

9. The day-by-day power generation system of claim 1, wherein the control unit mainly comprises an ARM core main control circuit, a light intensity detection circuit, a signal amplification circuit, a stepper motor driving circuit, a display circuit and an internet of things module.

10. The daily power generation system according to claim 9, further comprising a wind speed sensor and an alarm unit, wherein the display circuit and the internet of things module are respectively an OLED display circuit and a 4G mobile WIFI internet of things module, and the control unit comprises a dual mode of tracking a daily track and tracking a photoelectric sensor.