CN219960421U - Driving circuit of DC brushless motor - Google Patents
Driving circuit of DC brushless motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN219960421U CN219960421U CN202321335887.0U CN202321335887U CN219960421U CN 219960421 U CN219960421 U CN 219960421U CN 202321335887 U CN202321335887 U CN 202321335887U CN 219960421 U CN219960421 U CN 219960421U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a drive circuit of a DC brushless motor, which comprises: the device comprises a control unit, an analog-to-digital conversion unit, an optical coupling isolation unit, a logic unit, a current limiting unit, a driving unit and a power output unit; the output end of the control unit is coupled with the input end of the analog-to-digital conversion unit; the output end of the analog-to-digital conversion unit is coupled with the input end of the optical coupling isolation unit; the output end of the optical coupling isolation unit is coupled with the input end of the logic unit; the output end of the logic unit is coupled with the output end of the driving unit, and the logic unit also receives Hall signal input; the output end of the driving unit is coupled with the power output unit; the current limiting unit is coupled with the logic unit. The problem that the signal position output by the sine and cosine encoder deviates from the actual position is solved. By adopting the circuit, the utility model reduces signal noise interference among all modules of the driver of the DC brushless motor so as to improve the control precision of the DC brushless motor.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of motor control, in particular to a drive circuit of a direct current brushless motor.
Background
The brushless DC motor is composed of a motor main body and a driver, and is a typical electromechanical integrated product. The driver is composed of a power electronic device, an integrated circuit and the like, and has the following functions: receiving starting, stopping and braking signals of the motor to control the starting, stopping and braking of the motor; receiving a position sensor signal and a forward and backward rotation signal, and controlling the on-off of each power tube of the inverter bridge to generate continuous torque; receiving a speed command and a speed feedback signal for controlling and adjusting the rotating speed; provide protection and display, etc.
In each component part forming the driver, the upper-stage module and the lower-stage module are often interfered by signal noise in the signal transmission process, so that the control effect is not accurate enough in the process of realizing the control of the motor main body.
At present, a driving circuit of a brushless dc motor is needed to solve the problems of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a drive circuit of a direct current brushless motor, which is used for reducing signal noise interference among various modules of a driver of the direct current brushless motor so as to improve the control precision of the direct current brushless motor.
The utility model provides a drive control circuit of a direct current brushless motor, which is characterized in that the circuit comprises: the device comprises a control unit, an analog-to-digital conversion unit, an optical coupling isolation unit, a logic unit, a current limiting unit, a driving unit and a power output unit; the output end of the control unit is coupled with the input end of the analog-to-digital conversion unit; the output end of the analog-to-digital conversion unit is coupled with the input end of the optical coupling isolation unit; the output end of the optical coupling isolation unit is coupled with the input end of the logic unit; the output end of the logic unit is coupled with the output end of the driving unit, and the logic unit also receives Hall signal input; the output end of the driving unit is coupled with the power output unit; the current limiting unit is coupled with the logic unit.
By adopting the circuit, the utility model reduces signal noise interference in the process of signal transmission between the upper-stage module and the lower-stage module in each component part of the driver, and ensures more accurate control effect in the process of realizing motor main body control of the driver.
Optionally, the optocoupler isolation unit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a first optocoupler, and a second optocoupler; one end of the first resistor is coupled with the output end of the analog-to-digital conversion unit, and the other end of the first resistor is coupled with the negative electrode of the input end of the first optocoupler; the emitter of the output end of the first optical coupler is coupled with the input end of the logic unit; one end of the second resistor is coupled with the output end of the analog-to-digital conversion unit, and the other end of the second resistor is coupled with the negative electrode of the input end of the second optocoupler; the emitter of the output end of the second optical coupler is coupled with the input end of the logic unit, and the emitter of the output end of the second optical coupler is also coupled with one end of the third resistor; the other end of the third resistor is coupled with the power supply end; the power supply end is also coupled with the base electrode of the output end of the second optical coupler.
The circuit disclosed by the utility model uses a plurality of optocouplers to isolate the signal ground from the output ground, so that the influence of noise generated by large current in the driver on a front-stage unit is reduced.
Optionally, the circuit includes a first interface unit, and the first interface unit is configured to receive the hall signal input and output the hall signal input to the logic unit.
Optionally, the first interface unit includes a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a first diode, a second diode, and a third diode; one end of the fourth resistor receives the first Hall signal input, and the other end of the fourth resistor is coupled with the logic unit; one end of the fifth resistor receives the second Hall signal input, and the other end of the fifth resistor is coupled with the logic unit; one end of the sixth resistor receives the third Hall signal input, and the other end of the sixth resistor is coupled with the logic unit; the negative electrode of the first diode is coupled with the other end of the fourth resistor, and the other end of the first diode is grounded; the cathode of the second diode is coupled with the other end of the fifth resistor, and the other end of the second diode is grounded; the cathode of the third diode is coupled with the other end of the sixth resistor, and the other end of the third diode is grounded; the first capacitor, the second capacitor and the third capacitor are respectively connected with the first diode, the second diode and the third diode in parallel.
By adopting the circuit, the RC filter is adopted at the input end of the Hall signal so as to filter high-frequency noise and reduce the influence of the pulse interference signal on the internal circuit of the driver.
Optionally, the circuit further comprises a power conversion unit; the power conversion unit is respectively coupled with the optical coupling isolation unit and the logic unit.
Optionally, one end of the first resistor receives a commutation control signal output by the analog-to-digital conversion unit; one end of the second resistor receives the rotating speed control signal output by the analog-to-digital conversion unit.
Optionally, the signal types of the first hall signal, the second hall signal and the third hall signal are push-pull signal output types.
By adopting the circuit, the utility model adopts push-pull signal output with larger noise margin, and improves the anti-interference capability of the circuit.
Optionally, the power conversion unit includes a voltage converter, a fourth capacitor, and a seventh resistor: the voltage output end of the voltage converter is coupled with one end of the fourth capacitor; the other end of the fourth capacitor is grounded; one end of the seventh resistor is coupled with the voltage output end of the voltage converter, and the other end of the seventh resistor is coupled with the logic unit; the voltage output end of the voltage converter is also coupled with the optocoupler isolation unit.
By adopting the method, the single power supply is adopted to supply power, and the Hall power supply voltage and the working voltage of the driver are generated. The power interface circuit uses a filter to filter the influence of external noise on the module, and has the functions of diode absorption crosstalk pulse interference and electrostatic protection, so that the reliability of the circuit is improved.
Compared with the related art, the utility model can realize the following beneficial effects:
1. in each component of the driver, signal noise interference is reduced in the process of signal transmission between the upper-stage module and the lower-stage module, and the control effect is more accurate in the process of realizing motor main body control of the driver.
2. A plurality of optocouplers are used for isolating signal ground from output ground, so that the influence of noise generated by large current in a driver on a front-stage unit is reduced.
3. An RC filter is adopted at the input end of the Hall signal so as to filter high-frequency noise and reduce the influence of pulse interference signals on the internal circuit of the driver.
4. The push-pull signal output with larger noise margin is adopted, so that the anti-interference capability of the circuit is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a driving circuit of a brushless dc motor according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a driving circuit of a brushless dc motor according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third structure of a driving circuit of a brushless dc motor according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fourth configuration of a driving circuit of a brushless dc motor according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase output waveform according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Reference numerals: 11. a control unit; 12. an analog-to-digital conversion unit; 13. an optical coupling isolation unit; 14. a logic unit; 15. a current limiting unit; 16. a driving unit; 17. a power output unit; 18. a power conversion unit; r1, a first resistor; r2, a second resistor; r3, a third resistor; r4, fourth resistor; r5, fifth resistor; r6, sixth resistor;
r7, seventh resistor; o1, a first optocoupler; o2, a second optocoupler; c1, a first capacitor; c2, a second capacitor; c3, a third capacitor; c4, a fourth capacitor; d1, a first diode; d2, a second diode; d3, a third diode.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions in the present specification better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present specification, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, not all embodiments.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," or "coupled" are to be construed broadly, and for example, "connected," "connected," or "coupled" may mean not only physical connection but also electrical connection or signal connection, for example, may be direct connection, i.e., physical connection, may also be indirect connection through at least one element therebetween, so long as electrical communication is achieved, but also communication between two elements is possible; signal connection may refer to signal connection through a medium such as radio waves, in addition to signal connection through a circuit. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving circuit of a brushless dc motor according to an embodiment of the present utility model. Comprising the following steps: the device comprises a control unit 11, an analog-to-digital conversion unit 12, an optical coupler isolation unit 13, a logic unit 14, a current limiting unit 15, a driving unit 16 and a power output unit 17; the output end of the control unit 11 is coupled with the input end of the analog-to-digital conversion unit 12; the output end of the analog-to-digital conversion unit 12 is coupled with the input end of the optical coupling isolation unit 13; the output end of the optical coupling isolation unit 13 is coupled with the input end of the logic unit 14; the output of the logic unit 14 is coupled to the output of the drive unit 16, the logic unit 14 also receiving hall signal inputs; the output of the drive unit 16 is coupled to a power output unit 17; the current limiting unit 15 is coupled to the logic unit 14.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the control signal and the feedback signal are passed through the control unit 11, the control unit 11 generates a rotation speed signal and a direction signal after adjustment, and the analog-to-digital conversion unit 12 converts the analog signal into a digital signal. The rotation speed signal and the direction signal are transmitted to the logic unit 14 through the optocoupler isolation unit 13. When the logic unit 14 receives the PWM signal, the logic unit 14 has an output, the driving unit 16 drives the power output, and the motor operates according to the hall timing sequence; when the optocoupler isolation unit 13 at the F/R end receives the high-level signal, the directional control signal is transmitted to the logic unit 14 through the optocoupler, so that the control logic is inverted, the driving unit 16 is controlled, and the motor operates according to the Hall inversion sequence. When the motor is instantaneously overloaded, the current limiting unit 15 will output a high level, turning off the logic output, thereby instantaneously turning off the output current. When the output current becomes small, the current limiting unit 15 outputs a low level, and the logic unit 14 enlarges the output current, so that the driving circuit outputs at the maximum constant current, and the maximum torque output of the motor is maintained. When the instantaneous overload exits, the driving circuit returns to normal.
In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the optocoupler isolation unit 13 includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a first optocoupler O1, and a second optocoupler O2; one end of the first resistor R1 is coupled with the output end of the analog-digital conversion unit 12, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is coupled with the negative electrode of the input end of the first optical coupler O1; the emitter of the output end of the first optical coupler O1 is coupled with the input end of the logic unit 14; one end of the second resistor R2 is coupled with the output end of the analog-digital conversion unit 12, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is coupled with the negative electrode of the input end of the second optical coupler O2; the emitter of the output end of the second optocoupler O2 is coupled to the input end of the logic unit 14, and the emitter of the output end of the second optocoupler O2 is also coupled to one end of the third resistor R3; the other end of the third resistor R3 is coupled to the power supply terminal VCC; the supply terminal VCC is also coupled to the base of the output terminal of the second optocoupler O2.
In a possible embodiment, the circuit comprises a first interface unit for receiving the hall signal input and outputting to the logic unit 14.
In one possible embodiment, the first interface unit includes a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, and a third diode D3; one end of the fourth resistor R4 receives the first Hall signal input, and the other end is coupled with the logic unit 14; one end of the fifth resistor R5 receives the second Hall signal input, and the other end is coupled with the logic unit 14; one end of the sixth resistor R6 receives the third Hall signal input, and the other end is coupled with the logic unit 14; the cathode of the first diode D1 is coupled with the other end of the fourth resistor R4, and the other end of the first diode D is grounded; the cathode of the second diode D2 is coupled with the other end of the fifth resistor R5, and the other end of the second diode D is grounded; the cathode of the third diode D3 is coupled with the other end of the sixth resistor R6, and the other end of the third diode D is grounded; the first, second and third capacitors C1, C2 and C3 are connected in parallel with the first, second and third diodes D1, D2 and D3, respectively.
In a possible embodiment, the circuit further comprises a power conversion unit 18; the power conversion unit 18 is coupled to the optocoupler isolation unit 13 and the logic unit 14, respectively.
In a possible implementation, one end of the first resistor R1 receives the commutation control signal output by the analog-to-digital conversion unit 12; one end of the second resistor R2 receives the rotation speed control signal output from the analog-to-digital conversion unit 12.
In one possible embodiment, the signal types of the first hall signal, the second hall signal, and the third hall signal are push-pull signal output types.
Specifically, in order to improve anti-interference performance, the Hall control level of the motor is selected as an HTL signal, and the Hall signal input end of the driver adopts an RC filter to filter high-frequency noise so as to prevent the pulse interference signal from affecting the working logic of the internal circuit of the module.
In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 3, the power conversion unit 18 includes a voltage converter, a fourth capacitor C4, and a seventh resistor R7: the voltage output end of the voltage converter is coupled with one end of the fourth capacitor C4; the other end of the fourth capacitor C4 is grounded; one end of the seventh resistor R7 is coupled to the voltage output terminal of the voltage converter, and the other end is coupled to the logic unit 14; the voltage output of the voltage converter is also coupled to an optocoupler isolation unit 13.
In the embodiment of the present utility model, as shown in fig. 4, the power output interface is a three-phase bridge circuit, and the main technical indexes of the used power MOSFET are as follows: VDS:100V, ID:308A (25 ℃), ID:218A ().
As shown in fig. 5, the hall waveforms are square wave signals Sa, sb, sc output from the motor hall, and the level is 10V (HTL).
In the embodiment of the utility model, the DC brushless motor driving circuit has the main characteristics that: single power supply: the working power supply and the motor Hall power supply are obtained from the power supply, so that the module circuit and the motor Hall power supply are realized, external power supply is not needed, a power supply module is saved, and a peripheral circuit is simplified; digitization technology: the module design adopts digital technology control, and no software exists; the instantaneous output overcurrent limiting function is provided: even when the instantaneous output of the module is overloaded, the output of the module is not powered off, the maximum current output is maintained, and the steering engine circuit system is not closed; the static power consumption is low: the quiescent current of the driver is less than or equal to 3mA.
In addition, an embodiment of the present utility model provides a dc brushless motor driver, including any one of the dc brushless motor driving circuits described above. The driver adopts a metal package dual in-line lead form, which is convenient for installation and heat dissipation. The dimensional parameters of the drive are shown in the following table.
The utility model can realize the following beneficial effects:
1. in each component of the driver, signal noise interference is reduced in the process of signal transmission between the upper-stage module and the lower-stage module, and the control effect is more accurate in the process of realizing motor main body control of the driver.
2. A plurality of optocouplers are used for isolating signal ground from output ground, so that the influence of noise generated by large current in a driver on a front-stage unit is reduced.
3. An RC filter is adopted at the input end of the Hall signal so as to filter high-frequency noise and reduce the influence of pulse interference signals on the internal circuit of the driver.
4. The push-pull signal output with larger noise margin is adopted, so that the anti-interference capability of the circuit is improved.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the utility model has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. The terminology used herein was chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or the technical improvements in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A drive circuit for a dc brushless motor, the circuit comprising: the device comprises a control unit (11), an analog-to-digital conversion unit (12), an optical coupler isolation unit (13), a logic unit (14), a current limiting unit (15), a driving unit (16) and a power output unit (17);
the output end of the control unit (11) is coupled with the input end of the analog-digital conversion unit (12);
the output end of the analog-to-digital conversion unit (12) is coupled with the input end of the optical coupling isolation unit (13);
the output end of the optical coupling isolation unit (13) is coupled with the input end of the logic unit (14);
the output end of the logic unit (14) is coupled with the output end of the driving unit (16), and the logic unit (14) also receives Hall signal input;
-an output of the drive unit (16) is coupled to the power output unit (17);
the current limiting unit (15) is coupled with the logic unit (14).
2. The circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that the optocoupler isolation unit (13) comprises a first resistor (R1), a second resistor (R2), a third resistor (R3), a first optocoupler (O1) and a second optocoupler (O2);
one end of the first resistor (R1) is coupled with the output end of the analog-digital conversion unit (12), and the other end of the first resistor is coupled with the negative electrode of the input end of the first optical coupler (O1);
an emitter of the output end of the first optical coupler (O1) is coupled with the input end of the logic unit (14);
one end of the second resistor (R2) is coupled with the output end of the analog-digital conversion unit (12), and the other end of the second resistor is coupled with the negative electrode of the input end of the second optical coupler (O2);
an emitter of the output end of the second optocoupler (O2) is coupled with the input end of the logic unit (14), and an emitter of the output end of the second optocoupler (O2) is also coupled with one end of the third resistor (R3);
the other end of the third resistor (R3) is coupled with a power supply end VCC;
the supply terminal VCC is also coupled to the base of the output terminal of the second optocoupler (O2).
3. The circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that the circuit comprises a first interface unit for receiving hall signal inputs and outputting to the logic unit (14).
4. A circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that the first interface unit comprises a fourth resistor (R4), a fifth resistor (R5), a sixth resistor (R6), a first capacitor (C1), a second capacitor (C2), a third capacitor (C3), a first diode (D1), a second diode (D2) and a third diode (D3);
one end of the fourth resistor (R4) receives a first Hall signal input, and the other end is coupled with the logic unit (14); one end of the fifth resistor (R5) receives a second Hall signal input, and the other end is coupled with the logic unit (14); one end of the sixth resistor (R6) receives a third Hall signal input, and the other end is coupled with the logic unit (14); the negative electrode of the first diode (D1) is coupled with the other end of the fourth resistor (R4), and the other end of the first diode is grounded;
the cathode of the second diode (D2) is coupled with the other end of the fifth resistor (R5), and the other end of the second diode is grounded;
-the negative pole of the third diode (D3) is coupled to the other end of the sixth resistor (R6), the other end being grounded;
the first capacitor (C1), the second capacitor (C2) and the third capacitor (C3) are connected in parallel with the first diode (D1), the second diode (D2) and the third diode (D3), respectively.
5. The circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a power conversion unit (18);
the power conversion unit (18) is coupled with the optocoupler isolation unit (13) and the logic unit (14), respectively.
6. A circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that one end of the first resistor (R1) receives a commutation control signal output by the analog-to-digital conversion unit (12); one end of the second resistor (R2) receives a rotating speed control signal output by the analog-digital conversion unit (12).
7. The circuit of claim 4, wherein the signal types of the first hall signal, the second hall signal, and the third hall signal are push-pull signal output types.
8. The circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that the power conversion unit (18) comprises a voltage converter, a fourth capacitor (C4) and a seventh resistor (R7):
a voltage output terminal of the voltage converter is coupled with one end of the fourth capacitor (C4);
the other end of the fourth capacitor (C4) is grounded;
one end of the seventh resistor (R7) is coupled with a voltage output end of the voltage converter, and the other end of the seventh resistor is coupled with the logic unit (14);
the voltage output end of the voltage converter is also coupled with the optocoupler isolation unit (13).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321335887.0U CN219960421U (en) | 2023-05-29 | 2023-05-29 | Driving circuit of DC brushless motor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321335887.0U CN219960421U (en) | 2023-05-29 | 2023-05-29 | Driving circuit of DC brushless motor |
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| CN219960421U true CN219960421U (en) | 2023-11-03 |
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| CN202321335887.0U Active CN219960421U (en) | 2023-05-29 | 2023-05-29 | Driving circuit of DC brushless motor |
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- 2023-05-29 CN CN202321335887.0U patent/CN219960421U/en active Active
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