CN215186518U - Position-sensorless control system for brushless direct current motor - Google Patents
Position-sensorless control system for brushless direct current motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN215186518U CN215186518U CN202120478045.5U CN202120478045U CN215186518U CN 215186518 U CN215186518 U CN 215186518U CN 202120478045 U CN202120478045 U CN 202120478045U CN 215186518 U CN215186518 U CN 215186518U
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Abstract
The utility model particularly relates to a brushless DC motor is with no position sensor control system, this brushless DC motor is with no position sensor control system includes: the device comprises a processor module, a driving module, a current detection circuit, a counter electromotive force detection circuit and a temperature acquisition circuit; the microprocessor is suitable for sending a PWM signal to control the driving module to supply power to the motor so as to control the motor to operate; the current detection circuit and the counter electromotive force detection circuit are suitable for respectively detecting motor current and counter electromotive force signals so as to obtain the rotating speed and the rotating direction of the motor, the temperature acquisition circuit is suitable for acquiring the working temperature of the motor and sending the working temperature to the processor module, namely the processor module is suitable for controlling the driving module to adjust the rotating speed and the rotating direction of the motor according to the working temperature of the motor; the utility model discloses a set up the temperature acquisition circuit, can realize brushless DC motor's rotational speed and turn to the function according to environment and operating temperature automatically regulated.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of brushless DC motor, concretely relates to brushless DC motor is with no position sensor control system.
Background
Compared with a brush direct current motor, the brushless direct current motor has the advantages of low power consumption, reliable reversing, small size, light weight, large output torque, long service life and the like, and has wide application prospect in the fields of industrial control, medical instruments, household appliances and the like.
Due to the fact that in some application occasions, such as rolling mills, electric trains, textile machinery and the like, frequent impact loads are born by the brushless direct current motor, the overload capacity is high, the temperature of the brushless direct current motor can be increased, but the brushless direct current motor keeps the speed unchanged, and damage or faults can be caused.
Therefore, it is desirable to develop a new position sensorless control system for a brushless dc motor to solve the above problems.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a brushless DC motor is with no position sensor control system to solve brushless DC motor's rotational speed and turn to the problem according to environment and operating temperature automatically regulated.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a brushless DC motor is with no position sensor control system which includes: the device comprises a processor module, a driving module, a current detection circuit, a counter electromotive force detection circuit and a temperature acquisition circuit, wherein the driving module, the current detection circuit, the counter electromotive force detection circuit and the temperature acquisition circuit are electrically connected with the microprocessor; the input end of the driving module is connected with a direct-current power supply, and the output end of the driving module is electrically connected with the motor; the microprocessor is suitable for sending a PWM signal to control the driving module to supply power to the motor so as to control the motor to operate; and the current detection circuit and the counter electromotive force detection circuit are suitable for respectively detecting motor current and counter electromotive force signals so as to acquire the rotating speed and the steering of the motor, the temperature acquisition circuit is suitable for acquiring the working temperature of the motor and sending the working temperature to the processor module, namely the processor module is suitable for controlling the driving module to adjust the rotating speed and the steering of the motor according to the working temperature of the motor.
Further, when the working temperature of the motor is not less than 60 ℃, the motor rotates forwards at full speed; when the working temperature of the motor is not less than 25 ℃ and less than 60 ℃, the motor rotates forwards at 75 percent of the rotating speed; when the working temperature of the motor is less than 10 ℃, the motor rotates reversely at full speed; when the working temperature of the motor is less than 25 ℃ and not less than 10 ℃, the motor rotates reversely at 50 percent of the rotating speed.
Furthermore, the temperature acquisition circuit acquires the working temperature of the motor through a digital temperature sensor.
Further, the driving module includes: the system comprises an optical coupling isolation circuit, a push-pull circuit and a three-phase inverter circuit; the input end of the three-phase inverter circuit is connected with a direct-current power supply, and the output end of the three-phase inverter circuit is electrically connected with the motor; the processor module is suitable for sending out a PWM signal and outputting the PWM signal to the push-pull circuit through the optical coupling isolation circuit so as to drive the three-phase inverter circuit to supply power to the motor and control the motor to operate.
Further, the optical coupling isolation circuit transmits signals through a photoelectric coupler.
Furthermore, the push-pull circuit controls the on-off of the three-phase inverter circuit through a D882 power triode and a B772 triode.
Furthermore, the three-phase inverter circuit is provided with a pair of PMOS and NMOS to form an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm; the processor module is suitable for inputting PWM signals to an upper bridge arm so as to regulate the speed of the motor; the processor module is suitable for inputting PWM signals to the lower bridge arm so as to control the on-off of the motor.
Further, the current detection circuit includes: the sampling resistors are arranged on each bridge arm of the three-phase full-bridge inverter circuit; the sampling resistors amplify the collected voltage signals through the amplifiers respectively, and suppress the common-mode input signals through differential amplification to be sent to the processor module so as to collect the motor current.
Further, the counter electromotive force detection circuit includes: a voltage comparison chip; the input end of the voltage comparison chip divides the voltage of each phase of the motor winding end to obtain the neutral point voltage, namely the voltage comparison chip compares the voltage of each phase of the motor winding end and transmits a zero-crossing point signal to the processor module, and the processor module obtains the position of the zero-crossing point through edge detection to adjust the motor steering.
Further, the processor module displays the working temperature of the motor through the liquid crystal module.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are that, the utility model discloses a set up the temperature acquisition circuit, can realize brushless DC motor's rotational speed and turn to according to environment and operating temperature automatically regulated's function to keep the detection to counter electromotive force signal and motor current when passing through current detection circuit and counter electromotive force detection circuit, satisfy brushless DC motor and realize the speed governing, the demand that turns to under no position sensor control prerequisite.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the technical solutions in the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a position sensorless control system for a brushless dc motor according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the temperature acquisition circuit of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of the optical coupling isolation circuit of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a three-phase inverter circuit according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of the back electromotive force detection circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a position sensorless control system for a brushless dc motor according to the present invention.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a position sensorless control system for a brushless dc motor, including: the device comprises a processor module, a driving module, a current detection circuit, a counter electromotive force detection circuit and a temperature acquisition circuit, wherein the driving module, the current detection circuit, the counter electromotive force detection circuit and the temperature acquisition circuit are electrically connected with the microprocessor; the input end of the driving module is connected with a direct-current power supply, and the output end of the driving module is electrically connected with the motor; the microprocessor is suitable for sending a PWM signal to control the driving module to supply power to the motor so as to control the motor to operate; and the current detection circuit and the counter electromotive force detection circuit are suitable for respectively detecting motor current and counter electromotive force signals so as to acquire the rotating speed and the steering of the motor, the temperature acquisition circuit is suitable for acquiring the working temperature of the motor and sending the working temperature to the processor module, namely the processor module is suitable for controlling the driving module to adjust the rotating speed and the steering of the motor according to the working temperature of the motor.
In this embodiment, the processor module may adopt but is not limited to an STM32F103 single chip microcomputer, the STM32F103 single chip microcomputer has a highest dominant frequency of 72MHz, a processing capability of up to 90MIPS, a timing accuracy of up to 13.9ns, and an ADC having a 12-bit accuracy, and meets the requirements of high performance, low power consumption and low cost.
In this embodiment, this embodiment can realize brushless dc motor's rotational speed and turn to according to environment and operating temperature automatically regulated's function through setting up the temperature acquisition circuit to keep the detection to back electromotive force signal and motor current when passing through current detection circuit and back electromotive force detection circuit, satisfy brushless dc motor and realize the demand of speed governing, turn to under no position sensor control prerequisite.
In the embodiment, when the working temperature of the motor is not less than 60 ℃, the motor rotates forwards at full speed; when the working temperature of the motor is not less than 25 ℃ and less than 60 ℃, the motor rotates forwards at 75 percent of the rotating speed; when the working temperature of the motor is less than 10 ℃, the motor rotates reversely at full speed; when the working temperature of the motor is less than 25 ℃ and not less than 10 ℃, the motor rotates reversely at 50 percent of the rotating speed.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the temperature acquisition circuit of the present invention;
in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the temperature acquisition circuit acquires the operating temperature of the motor through a digital temperature sensor.
In this embodiment, the digital temperature sensor can be, but is not limited to, a DS18B20 digital temperature sensor, the DS18B20 digital temperature sensor has a simple structure, and the pins include GND, DQ and VCC, which are respectively a ground, a digital signal input/output terminal and an external power supply terminal. Besides the power supply and the grounding, the DQ end of the DS18B20 digital temperature sensor is connected with the port P3.3 of the singlechip, and is connected with the pull-up resistor of 4.7K omega.
In this embodiment, the driving module includes: the system comprises an optical coupling isolation circuit, a push-pull circuit and a three-phase inverter circuit; the input end of the three-phase inverter circuit is connected with a direct-current power supply, and the output end of the three-phase inverter circuit is electrically connected with the motor; the processor module is suitable for sending out a PWM signal and outputting the PWM signal to the push-pull circuit through the optical coupling isolation circuit so as to drive the three-phase inverter circuit to supply power to the motor and control the motor to operate.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of the optical coupler isolation circuit of the present invention.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the optical coupler/isolator circuit performs signal transmission through an optical coupler.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the HCPL2630 photocoupler is adopted as the photocoupler, and isolated power supply 5VD is used for supplying power alone, and its main functions are: realizing photoelectric conversion; the STM32F103 single chip microcomputer and the three-phase inverter circuit are isolated, and the STM32F103 single chip microcomputer can be prevented from being burnt out in the case of faults.
In this embodiment, the push-pull circuit controls the three-phase inverter circuit to be switched on and off through a D882 power triode and a B772 triode, so that the drive capability of the push-pull circuit is improved, and the reliability of switching on and off of the MOS transistor is ensured.
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a three-phase inverter circuit according to the present invention.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the three-phase inverter circuit is provided with a pair of PMOS and NMOS to form an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm; the processor module is suitable for inputting PWM signals to an upper bridge arm so as to regulate the speed of the motor; the processor module is suitable for inputting PWM signals to the lower bridge arm so as to control the on-off of the motor.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the PMOS model is IRF9540N, the NMOS model is IRF540N, the parameters of the two are close to each other, the matching is good, and the upper bridge arm formed by the PMOS can omit the bootstrap boost circuit, save space, and ensure good driving performance.
In this embodiment, the current detection circuit includes: the sampling resistors are arranged on each bridge arm of the three-phase full-bridge inverter circuit; the sampling resistors amplify the collected voltage signals through the amplifiers respectively, and suppress the common-mode input signals through differential amplification to be sent to the processor module so as to collect the motor current.
Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of the back electromotive force detection circuit of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the counter electromotive force detection circuit includes: a voltage comparison chip; the input end of the voltage comparison chip divides the voltage of each phase of the motor winding end to obtain the neutral point voltage, namely the voltage comparison chip compares the voltage of each phase of the motor winding end and transmits a zero-crossing point signal to the processor module, and the processor module obtains the position of the zero-crossing point through edge detection to adjust the motor steering.
In this embodiment, the processor module displays the operating temperature of the motor through the liquid crystal module.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, at any time, the brushless dc motor has only two phases conducting, each phase winding conducting 120 ° electrical angle between positive and negative, comparing the voltage across the three-phase winding and the voltage at the neutral point, and when the two phases are equal, i.e. the back emf zero-crossing point of the phase winding, and then passing 30 ° electrical angle, the phase must be changed, and the back emf zero-crossing detection equation of the three phases of the motor is known from the principles of electromechanics as (U phase is taken as an example):
as can be seen from the formula (1), 2 μ can be obtained when the back electromotive force is zeroU＝(μN+μW) When the signal is connected to the voltage comparison chip, when μUWhen the voltage is changed from positive to negative, the voltage comparison chip generates a falling edge pulse, otherwise, when the voltage is changed from negative to positive, the voltage comparison chip generates a rising edge pulse; according to the principle, the voltage comparison chip adopts an LM2901 voltage comparison chip, voltage of the motor winding end is divided, the voltage is compared with the led-out neutral point voltage through the LM2901 voltage comparison chip, and then the obtained zero crossing point signals are transmitted to a microprocessor and are respectively connected to PA6 ports, PA7 ports and PB03 ports and correspond to 3 channels of a timer TIM 3. Taking the U-phase as an example, when the back electromotive force of the non-conducting phase U reaches the zero crossing point, the LM2901 voltage comparison chip will generate a pulse signal, and the microprocessor can obtain the zero crossing point position by edge detection, i.e. the zero crossing point position.
In this embodiment, the liquid crystal module can be, but is not limited to, a LM016L liquid crystal module.
To sum up, the utility model discloses a set up the temperature acquisition circuit, can realize brushless DC motor's rotational speed and turn to according to environment and operating temperature automatically regulated's function to keep the detection to back electromotive force signal and motor current when passing through current detection circuit and back electromotive force detection circuit, satisfy brushless DC motor and realize the speed governing, the demand that turns to under no position sensor control prerequisite.
The components selected for use in the present application (components not illustrated for specific structures) are all common standard components or components known to those skilled in the art, and the structure and principle thereof can be known to those skilled in the art through technical manuals or through routine experimentation. Moreover, the software programs referred to in the present application are all prior art, and the present application does not relate to any improvement of the software programs.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In light of the foregoing, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A position sensorless control system for a brushless DC motor, comprising:
the device comprises a processor module, a driving module, a current detection circuit, a counter electromotive force detection circuit and a temperature acquisition circuit, wherein the driving module, the current detection circuit, the counter electromotive force detection circuit and the temperature acquisition circuit are electrically connected with the microprocessor; wherein
The input end of the driving module is connected with a direct-current power supply, and the output end of the driving module is electrically connected with the motor;
the microprocessor is suitable for sending a PWM signal to control the driving module to supply power to the motor so as to control the motor to operate; and
the current detection circuit and the counter electromotive force detection circuit are suitable for respectively detecting motor current and counter electromotive force signals to acquire the rotating speed and the rotating direction of the motor, the temperature acquisition circuit is suitable for acquiring the working temperature of the motor and sending the working temperature to the processor module, namely the temperature acquisition circuit acquires the working temperature of the motor and sends the working temperature to the processor module
The processor module is suitable for controlling the driving module to adjust the rotating speed and the rotating direction of the motor according to the working temperature of the motor;
the driving module includes: the system comprises an optical coupling isolation circuit, a push-pull circuit and a three-phase inverter circuit;
the input end of the three-phase inverter circuit is connected with a direct-current power supply, and the output end of the three-phase inverter circuit is electrically connected with the motor;
the processor module is suitable for sending out a PWM signal and outputting the PWM signal to the push-pull circuit through the optical coupling isolation circuit so as to drive the three-phase inverter circuit to supply power to the motor and control the motor to operate;
the back electromotive force detection circuit includes: a voltage comparison chip;
the input end of the voltage comparison chip divides the voltage of each phase of the motor winding end to obtain the neutral point voltage, namely
After the voltage comparison chip compares the voltages of all phases of the winding end of the motor, a zero crossing point signal is transmitted to the processor module, and the processor module acquires the position of the zero crossing point through edge detection so as to adjust the steering direction of the motor.
2. The position sensorless control system for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1,
when the working temperature of the motor is not less than 60 ℃, the motor rotates forwards at full speed;
when the working temperature of the motor is not less than 25 ℃ and less than 60 ℃, the motor rotates forwards at 75 percent of the rotating speed;
when the working temperature of the motor is less than 10 ℃, the motor rotates reversely at full speed;
when the working temperature of the motor is less than 25 ℃ and not less than 10 ℃, the motor rotates reversely at 50 percent of the rotating speed.
3. The position sensorless control system for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1,
the temperature acquisition circuit acquires the working temperature of the motor through a digital temperature sensor.
4. The position sensorless control system for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1,
and the optical coupling isolation circuit transmits signals through an optical coupler.
5. The position sensorless control system for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1,
the push-pull circuit controls the on-off of the three-phase inverter circuit through a D882 power triode and a B772 triode.
6. The position sensorless control system for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1,
the three-phase inverter circuit is provided with a pair of PMOS and NMOS to form an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm;
the processor module is suitable for inputting PWM signals to an upper bridge arm so as to regulate the speed of the motor;
the processor module is suitable for inputting PWM signals to the lower bridge arm so as to control the on-off of the motor.
7. The position sensorless control system for a brushless DC motor according to claim 6,
the current detection circuit includes: the sampling resistors are arranged on each bridge arm of the three-phase full-bridge inverter circuit;
the sampling resistors amplify the collected voltage signals through the amplifiers respectively, and suppress the common-mode input signals through differential amplification to be sent to the processor module so as to collect the motor current.
8. The position sensorless control system for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1,
the processor module displays the working temperature of the motor through the liquid crystal module.
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| CN202120478045.5U CN215186518U (en) | 2021-03-05 | 2021-03-05 | Position-sensorless control system for brushless direct current motor |
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| CN202120478045.5U CN215186518U (en) | 2021-03-05 | 2021-03-05 | Position-sensorless control system for brushless direct current motor |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115037193A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-09-09 | 常熟理工学院 | Direct current brushless motor drive plate with protection function |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115037193A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-09-09 | 常熟理工学院 | Direct current brushless motor drive plate with protection function |
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