CN219419039U - Solar cell and photovoltaic module - Google Patents
Solar cell and photovoltaic module Download PDFInfo
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- CN219419039U CN219419039U CN202320344949.8U CN202320344949U CN219419039U CN 219419039 U CN219419039 U CN 219419039U CN 202320344949 U CN202320344949 U CN 202320344949U CN 219419039 U CN219419039 U CN 219419039U
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Abstract
The solar cell comprises an antireflection film and a silicon substrate, wherein the antireflection film comprises a first film layer, a second film layer and a third film layer, the first film layer is a silicon nitride layer, the second film layer is a silicon oxynitride layer, and the third film layer is a nitride-doped silicon oxide layer; by adopting the combination of the silicon nitride layer (SixNy layer), the silicon oxynitride layer (SixNy layer) and the nitride-doped silicon oxide layer (SixNy layer composite layer), the current positive film technology is replaced by adopting a SiO, siON, siN structure, the reflectivity is effectively reduced, the whole is in a black state, meanwhile, the problem that the edge of the SixNy layer blus can be reduced due to the strong light trapping effect of the SixNy layer, and the whole battery achieves attractive effect.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a solar cell and a photovoltaic module.
Background
Photovoltaic products in life are increasing dramatically, such as: solar street lamps, solar monitors, solar tents, solar roofs, etc. have been inadvertently introduced into the lives of civilians. However, there is a special need for components in cities and photovoltaic power plant components, and in addition to the power generation supply, some components in cities also need to be attractive, so that the production of attractive art designer components becomes a new direction.
The positive film process for producing the black component mainly adopts a SiO, siON, siN structure, and if the proportion is controlled improperly, the problem of uniform color at the component end is easily caused. The common application of the solar cell production technology is that the coated passivation layer is SixNy most, because SixNy has corrosion resistance and passivation effect and a certain antireflection effect (the blue film reflectivity of the common SixNy cell slice is about 1.2%), but the common PECVD deposition machine has the defects of serious coiling and plating, higher edge reflectivity of the cell slice in lamination and easy chromatic aberration, poor uniformity of component color and poor appearance.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present application is to provide a solar cell and a photovoltaic module to solve the problem of poor color uniformity at present.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell, including a silicon substrate and an anti-reflection film, the anti-reflection film includes a first film layer, a second film layer and a third film layer, the first film layer is a silicon nitride layer, the second film layer is a silicon oxynitride layer, and the third film layer is a silicon oxide layer doped with nitride.
By adopting the combination of the silicon nitride layer (SixNy layer), the silicon oxynitride layer (SixNy layer) and the nitride-doped silicon oxide layer (SixNy layer composite layer), the current positive film technology is replaced by adopting a SiO, siON, siN structure, the reflectivity is effectively reduced, the whole is in a black state, meanwhile, the problem that the edge of the SixNy layer is blue can be reduced due to the strong light trapping effect of the SixNy layer, and the outer surface of the whole battery piece is attractive. The solar cell provided by the utility model can improve the chromatic aberration problem caused by the lamination and winding plating of the solar cell and improve the uniformity of the color in the solar cell.
With reference to the first aspect, in an alternative embodiment of the present application, the reflectivity of the antireflection film is not greater than 1%.
In the above implementation process, the reflectivity of the common silicon nitride layer (SixNy layer) anti-reflection film is about 1.2%, and the superposition of the silicon oxynitride layer (SiOxNy layer) and the nitride-doped silicon oxide layer (SiOxNy layer composite layer) can effectively reduce the reflectivity, and when the reflectivity of the anti-reflection film is not more than 1%, the color of the whole battery is better presented as a black.
With reference to the first aspect, in an alternative embodiment of the present application, the reflectivity of the anti-reflection film is 0.7% -1%.
In the implementation process, the combination of the silicon nitride layer (SixNy layer), the silicon oxynitride layer (SiOxNy layer) and the nitride-doped silicon oxide layer (SiOxNy layer composite layer) is adopted, so that the reflectivity of the anti-reflection film can be controlled to be 0.7% -1% by simpler implementation. The reflectivity of the antireflection film may be selected by those skilled in the art according to practical circumstances, for example, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, and the like.
With reference to the first aspect, in an alternative embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the antireflection film is 70-80 nm.
In the above implementation, the thickness of the antireflection film may be selected in the range of 70 to 80nm, for example, 70 nm, 75 nm, 80nm, etc., by those skilled in the art according to the actual circumstances.
With reference to the first aspect, in an alternative embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the anti-reflection film is 73-77 nm.
With reference to the first aspect, in an alternative embodiment of the present application, the thickness ratio of the first film layer, the second film layer and the third film layer is (10-20): 2-8): 1-3; and/or
The refractive index of the first film layer is 2.0% -2.2%; and/or
The refractive index of the second film layer is 1.5% -1.65%; and/or
The refractive index of the third film layer is 1.45% -1.5%.
In the implementation process, the reflectivity of the whole anti-reflection film is commonly realized through the thickness of each film layer and the control of the refractive index of the film layer, and the thickness and the corresponding refractive index designed above are adopted, so that the refractive index control is smaller, and the whole battery containing the anti-reflection film is black and has good appearance.
With reference to the first aspect, in an alternative embodiment of the present application, the thickness ratio of the first film layer, the second film layer and the third film layer is (13-17): 4-6): 1.5-2.5; and/or
The refractive index of the first film layer is 2.1%; and/or
The refractive index of the second film layer is 1.6%; and/or
The refractive index of the third film layer is 1.5%.
With reference to the first aspect, in an optional embodiment of the present application, the first film layer is attached to the silicon substrate, and the first film layer, the second film layer and the third film layer are stacked sequentially from inside to outside.
In the above implementation, a person skilled in the art may select the stacking order of the first film layer, the second film layer and the third film layer according to actual needs.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application also provide a photovoltaic module including any one of the solar cells described above.
With reference to the second aspect, in an alternative embodiment of the present application, the photovoltaic module includes a laminate module and a frame; the frame surrounds the laminated assembly; the laminate assembly includes a backsheet and a solar cell as described above mounted to the backsheet.
In the implementation process, as the solar cell has good color uniformity, and the whole solar cell is black, the black color of the whole solar cell is basically consistent with that of the back plate and the frame, the effect of hiding the solar cell and achieving attractive appearance is achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present utility model and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antireflection film provided in embodiment 1 of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell according to embodiment 2 of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in embodiment 3 of the present application.
The icons are 1-frame, 2-back plate, 3-solar cell, 31-silicon substrate, 32-positive electrode, 33-back electrode, 34-back passivation film, 35-antireflection film, 351-first film layer, 352-second film layer, 353-third film layer.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present utility model more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments of the present utility model. The components of the embodiments of the present utility model generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the utility model, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or are directions or positional relationships conventionally put in use of the inventive product, are merely for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," and the like do not denote a requirement that the component be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but rather may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present utility model, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The solar battery can convert light energy into electric energy, and in actual use, the solar batteries are electrically connected and then packaged into a photovoltaic module, so that the solar battery can generate electricity and can protect the solar battery. Referring to fig. 2, the solar cell includes a silicon substrate 31, an anti-reflection film 35, a back passivation film 34, a positive electrode 32 and a back electrode 33, wherein the anti-reflection film 35 is attached to the front surface of the silicon substrate 31, the positive electrode 32 is embedded in the anti-reflection film 35 and connected with the silicon substrate 31, the back passivation film 34 is attached to the back surface of the silicon substrate 31, the back electrode 33 is embedded in the back passivation film 34 and connected with the silicon substrate 31, and the plurality of solar cells are electrically connected through the positive electrode 32 and the back electrode 33 of the solar cell.
Photovoltaic products in life are increasing dramatically, such as: solar street lamps, solar monitors, solar tents, solar roofs, etc. have been inadvertently introduced into the lives of civilians. However, there is a special need for components in cities and photovoltaic power plant components, and besides the need for power generation and supply, some components in cities also need to be attractive, so that the production of attractive art designer components (belonging to one type of photovoltaic components) becomes a new direction. The art designer component is mainly applied to the beautification and decoration of urban houses or artistic buildings, and shows a technological sense and an artistic sense, so that the requirements on the appearance and the power of the component are particularly high.
An art designer (photovoltaic) module typically includes a laminate module, which may include a glass layer, a first encapsulant film layer, a string of cells, a second encapsulant film layer, and a reflective back sheet for reflecting sunlight, and a bezel. The glass layer, the first packaging film layer and the second packaging film layer are all transparent, and the surface color of the solar cell can influence the color of the finally manufactured photovoltaic module.
One factor affecting the surface color of a solar cell is the antireflection film on the surface of the solar cell. Silicon material is a semiconductor material, and the solar cell power generation principle mainly uses the photoelectric effect of the semiconductor. The refractive index of silicon is large, light irradiated to the surface of silicon cannot be absorbed sufficiently, but a large part of light is reflected, and in order to minimize reflection loss, one or more layers of antireflection films with refractive index and thickness matched with those of the battery are plated on the battery to improve the conversion efficiency of the battery.
The inventors of the present application have found that the passivation of the coating film in the photovoltaic industry is currently accomplished by a tube-type PECVD or PEALD deposition apparatus, and that the present application is also based on PECVD fabrication techniques commonly employed in the photovoltaic cell industry. However, the common PECVD deposition machine has the defects of serious coiling and plating, higher edge reflectivity of the solar cell, poor color uniformity of the photovoltaic module and poor appearance due to chromatic aberration in lamination.
In view of this, referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a solar cell including a silicon substrate 31 and an anti-reflection film 35. The anti-reflection film 35 includes a first film 351, a second film 352 and a third film 353, wherein the first film 351 is a silicon nitride layer (i.e., sixNy film), the second film 352 is a silicon oxynitride layer (i.e., siOxNy film), and the third film 353 is a nitride doped silicon oxide layer (i.e., siOxNy composite layer).
By adopting the combination of the silicon nitride layer (SixNy layer), the silicon oxynitride layer (SixNy layer) and the nitride-doped silicon oxide layer (SixNy layer composite layer), the structure of SiO, siON, siN is mainly adopted instead of the prior positive film technology, the reflectivity is effectively reduced, the whole is in a black state, meanwhile, the problem of bluing at the edge of the SixNy layer can be reduced due to the strong light trapping effect of the SixNy layer, the chromatic aberration problem caused by SiO can be reduced, and the whole battery can achieve attractive effect.
The solar cell may further include a passivation layer, an electrode, and other known structures that are essential to the solar cell, and are not described in detail herein.
The preparation method of the nitride-doped silicon oxide layer comprises the following steps: introducing SiH under low pressure 4 、N 2 O、NH 3 And N 2 The deposition is carried out in a gas-forming deposition atmosphere, the nitrogen content of the whole atmosphere being < 10%, in particular, in this example, siH is introduced at a low pressure of 100Pa 4 ：N 2 O：NH 3 ：N 2 =10: 100:1:1, and a nitride-doped silicon oxide layer formed under a gas glow.
In some embodiments, the reflectance of the anti-reflective film 35 is no greater than 1%; the first film layer is a silicon nitride layer with a refractive index between 2.0% and 2.2%, the second film layer is a silicon oxynitride layer with a refractive index between 1.5% and 1.65%, the third film layer is a nitride doped silicon oxide layer with a refractive index between 1.45% and 1.5%, and in this embodiment, when the overall thickness of the anti-reflection film 35 is 70 nm to 80nm, the thickness ratio of the first film layer 351, the second film layer 352 and the third film layer 353 is 2:6:15, the reflectivity of the antireflection film 35 may be not more than 1%, and may be between 0.7% and 1%.
The reflectivity of the common silicon nitride layer (SixNy layer) anti-reflection film is about 1.2%, and the silicon oxynitride layer (SixNy layer) and the silicon oxide layer doped with nitride (SixNy layer composite layer) are overlapped to effectively reduce the reflectivity, and when the reflectivity of the anti-reflection film is not more than 1%, the color of the whole battery is better black.
Preferably, the reflectance of the antireflection film 35 is 0.7% to 1%. More preferably, the reflectance of the antireflection film 35 is 0.8% to 0.9%.
The combination of the silicon nitride layer (SixNy layer), the silicon oxynitride layer (SiOxNy layer) and the nitride-doped silicon oxide layer (SiOxNy layer composite layer) can control the reflectivity of the antireflection film to be 0.7-1% by simpler realization.
The reflectivity of the entire film is commonly achieved by controlling the thickness of each film and its refractive index, in some embodiments, the thickness of the anti-reflection film 35 is 70-80 nanometers, and the thickness of the anti-reflection film 35 includes, but is not limited to, 70 nanometers, 71 nanometers, 72 nanometers, 73 nanometers, 74 nanometers, 75 nanometers, 76 nanometers, 77 nanometers, 78 nanometers, 79 nanometers, and 80 nanometers, preferably the thickness of the anti-reflection film 35 is 73-77 nanometers, and the thickness of each film is matched according to the film ratio.
In this embodiment, the thickness ratio of the first film layer 351, the second film layer 352 and the third film layer 353 is (10-20): (2-8): (1-3), in other words, the thickness range of each film layer is as follows: the thickness of the first film layer 351 is 45-53 nanometers, the thickness of the first film layer 351 includes, but is not limited to, 46 nanometers, 47 nanometers, 48 nanometers, 49 nanometers, 50 nanometers, 51 nanometers and 52 nanometers, the thickness of the second film layer 352 is 18-21 nanometers, the thickness of the second film layer 352 includes, but is not limited to, 18 nanometers, 19 nanometers, 20 nanometers and 21 nanometers, the thickness of the third film layer 353 is 6-7 nanometers, and preferably, the thickness ratio of the first film layer 351, the second film layer 352 and the third film layer 353 is (13-17): (4-6): (1.5-2.5).
In some embodiments, the refractive index of the first film layer 351 is 2.0% -2.2%, the refractive index of the first film layer 351 includes, but is not limited to, 2.0%, 2.05%, 2.1%, 2.15%, and 2.2%; the refractive index of the second film layer 352 is 1.5% -1.65%, including but not limited to 1.5%, 1.55%, 1.60%, and 1.65%; the refractive index of the third film 353 is 1.45% -1.5%; preferably, the refractive index of the first film layer 351 is 2.1%; the refractive index of the second film layer 352 is 1.6%; the refractive index of the third film 353 is 1.5%.
In some embodiments, the first film 351 is attached to the silicon substrate, and the first film 351, the second film 352, and the third film 353 are stacked sequentially from inside to outside. In other embodiments, the stacking order of the first film layer, the second film layer, and the third film layer may be selected by those skilled in the art according to actual needs.
By adopting the design, the reflection effect of the solar cell 3 can be reduced, a better light trapping effect is achieved, and the reflection of light is reduced, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 3 is improved, and the production effect of the high-efficiency solar cell 3 is achieved. The color difference problem caused by the lamination and winding plating of the solar cell 3 can be improved, and the uniformity of the color in the solar cell 3 is improved; at the same time, the passivation effect of the solar cell 3 can be enhanced, and an important effect of preventing impurities from entering the inside of the solar cell 3 is achieved.
Further, the application also provides a photovoltaic module which is manufactured by adopting any one of the solar cells. Further, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 3, a photovoltaic module may include a laminate module and a frame 1; the laminated assembly comprises a back plate 2 and a solar cell 3 laminated on the back plate 2, and a frame 1 is enclosed around the laminated assembly. The solar cells 3 on the back sheet 2 may be in the form of a string of cells, which may be connected in series, parallel or a combination of series and parallel. The appearance of the laminated component manufactured by the solar cell 3 can be black, and the frame 1 of the photovoltaic component can be black to keep the color uniform, so that the front color of the whole photovoltaic component is black, and the effect of hiding the cell is achieved.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, and is not intended to limit the present utility model, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model should be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. The solar cell is characterized by comprising a silicon substrate and an anti-reflection film attached to the silicon substrate, wherein the anti-reflection film comprises a first film layer, a second film layer and a third film layer, the first film layer is a silicon nitride layer, the second film layer is a silicon oxynitride layer, and the third film layer is a nitride-doped silicon oxide layer.
2. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the anti-reflective film has a reflectivity of no greater than 1%.
3. The solar cell of claim 2, wherein the anti-reflective film has a reflectance of 0.7% -1%.
4. The solar cell according to claim 2, wherein the thickness of the anti-reflection film is 70-80 nm.
5. The solar cell according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the anti-reflection film is 73-77 nm.
6. The solar cell of claim 4, wherein the first, second and third film layers have a thickness ratio of (10-20): 2-8): 1-3; and/or
The refractive index of the first film layer is 2.0% -2.2%; and/or
The refractive index of the second film layer is 1.5% -1.65%; and/or
The refractive index of the third film layer is 1.45% -1.5%.
7. The solar cell of claim 6, wherein the first, second and third film layers have a thickness ratio of (13-17): 4-6): 1.5-2.5; and/or
The refractive index of the first film layer is 2.1%; and/or
The refractive index of the second film layer is 1.6%; and/or
The refractive index of the third film layer is 1.5%.
8. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the first film layer is attached to the silicon substrate, and wherein the first film layer, the second film layer, and the third film layer are stacked sequentially from inside to outside.
9. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that it comprises a solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that the photovoltaic module comprises a laminate module and a frame; the frame surrounds the laminated assembly; the laminate assembly comprising a backsheet and the solar cell of any one of claims 1-8, the solar cell being mounted to the backsheet.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202320344949.8U CN219419039U (en) | 2023-02-27 | 2023-02-27 | Solar cell and photovoltaic module |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202320344949.8U CN219419039U (en) | 2023-02-27 | 2023-02-27 | Solar cell and photovoltaic module |
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| CN219419039U true CN219419039U (en) | 2023-07-25 |
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