CN219146087U - Soil preparation machine and soil preparation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a soil preparation machine and a soil preparation system, which relate to the field of agricultural equipment and comprise a frame, a soil preparation part and a transmission part, wherein a hanging part is arranged on the frame and used for hanging the frame behind a traction device. This soil preparation machine, compact structure is reasonable, carries out reverse rotation through the relative traction appliance walking wheel of driving roller, has both improved the soil preparation effect of quartering hammer to high stickness soil, helps improving the crushing effect to soil when the soil preparation machine is operated in high stickness soil again, has solved the not good problem of present high stickness soil preparation effect. The utility model also provides a soil preparation system with the soil preparation machine, wherein the traction device is connected with the hanging part of the soil preparation machine, and the power part of the traction device is connected with the transmission part of the soil preparation machine.

Description

Soil preparation machine and soil preparation system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural equipment, in particular to a soil preparation machine and a soil preparation system.

Background

At present, when a rotary cultivator or a finishing machine on the market is used for tillage and soil preparation of high-viscosity soil, the rotation direction is the same as the direction of a traction machine tool, the tillage missing rate is large, the problems of low soil crushing rate and large soil crushing particles exist, and therefore the tillage and soil preparation effect is poor.

In addition, when working in the soil with high stone content, the existing rotary cultivator or finishing machine also has the problems of serious cutter breaking phenomenon and even incapability of working, and has poor stone breaking effect.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to provide a soil preparation machine and a soil preparation system, which are used for solving the problems of low soil crushing rate and large soil crushing particles of the existing rotary cultivator or the existing soil preparation machine when high-viscosity soil is cultivated and prepared.

In order to achieve the above object, the present utility model provides the following solutions:

the utility model provides a soil preparation machine, comprising:

the traction device comprises a rack, wherein a hanging component is arranged on the rack and used for hanging the rack to the rear of a traction appliance;

the tillage part comprises a shell with a downward opening and a roller rotatably installed in the shell, the shell is arranged below the frame, a plurality of breaking hammers are arranged on the outer wall of the roller, and the breaking hammers can crush viscous soil when the roller rotates;

the transmission part is arranged on the frame and is used for transmitting the power of the traction device to the roller so as to drive the roller to reversely rotate relative to the travelling wheels of the traction device when the traction device walks forwards.

Optionally, the hooking component includes a hooking plate, and the hooking plate is disposed at a top front of the frame.

Optionally, the transmission part set up in the lateral wall of frame, the transmission part includes gearbox and gear drive, the power input of gearbox be used for with traction device's power part links to each other, the power output of gearbox pass through gear drive with the cylinder links to each other, so that when traction device walks forward the drive the cylinder is relative traction device's walking wheel counter-rotation.

Optionally, the top inner wall of the housing is spaced from the drum to form a crushed stone cavity between the top inner wall of the housing and the drum; the breaking hammer is of a bending structure, one end of the breaking hammer is connected with the roller, the other end of the breaking hammer points to the rotating direction of the roller, so that when the roller rotates reversely relative to a travelling wheel of the traction device, broken stones in soil blocks and the soil are shoveled up, and the soil blocks and the broken stones are conveyed into the broken stone cavity, so that the breaking hammer and the top inner wall of the shell are utilized to squeeze and break the soil blocks and the broken stones.

Optionally, the breaking hammer comprises a mounting seat and a breaking hammer body, wherein the mounting seat is a corner type mounting seat, one end of the mounting seat is connected with the side wall of the roller, the breaking hammer body comprises a breaking hammer handle and a breaking hammer head arranged at one end of the breaking hammer handle, and the other end of the breaking hammer handle is rotationally connected with the other end of the mounting seat; the crushing hammer head is a conical hammer head, and the tip of the crushing hammer head points to the rotating direction of the roller, so that when the roller rotates reversely relative to the travelling wheel of the traction device, the soil blocks and broken stones in the soil are scooped up, and the soil blocks and broken stones are conveyed into the broken stone cavity for extrusion crushing.

Optionally, the device further comprises a broken stone filtering comb tooth, wherein the broken stone filtering comb tooth is obliquely arranged between the rear inner wall of the shell and the roller, and the high end of the broken stone filtering comb tooth is connected with the shell; the broken stone filtering comb teeth are used for intercepting and crushing substandard soil blocks and broken stone.

Optionally, the soil compacting and leveling device further comprises a leveling component, wherein the leveling component comprises a scraping plate and a height adjusting device, the front end of the scraping plate is hinged to the rear bottom of the shell, the height adjusting device is arranged on the rear outer wall of the shell and is connected with the rear end of the scraping plate, and the height adjusting device is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the scraping plate so as to level crushed soil.

Optionally, the device further comprises a depth adjusting component, wherein the depth adjusting component comprises a horizontal supporting plate and a telescopic adjusting device, the front end of the horizontal supporting plate is hinged to the shell through a connecting piece, the telescopic adjusting device is arranged on the shell and is connected with the rear end of the horizontal supporting plate, and the telescopic adjusting device is used for adjusting the height of the horizontal supporting plate from the ground so as to adjust the cultivation depth of crops; the depth adjusting parts are respectively arranged at the rear parts of two sides of the shell.

The utility model also provides a soil preparation system which comprises a traction device and the soil preparation machine, wherein the traction device is connected with the hanging component, and a power component of the traction device is connected with the transmission component.

Optionally, the traction apparatus is a tractor.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following technical effects:

the soil preparation machine provided by the utility model has a compact and reasonable structure, and the rotary drum is driven to reversely rotate relative to the travelling wheel of the traction device, so that the soil preparation effect of the breaking hammer on high-viscosity soil is improved, the crushing effect of the soil preparation machine on the soil when the soil preparation machine works in the high-viscosity soil is improved, and the problem that the conventional high-viscosity soil preparation effect is poor is solved.

According to the technical scheme, the mounting seat of the breaking hammer is of a corner structure, the hammer handle of the breaking hammer body is rotationally connected with the mounting seat, the breaking hammer can crush soil blocks and stones in soil while tillage, the problem that the soil with more stones cannot work by a common tillage machine is solved, effective tillage of the soil is achieved, and the breaking hammer is suitable for broken stone tillage operation of high-viscosity soil.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a front view of a soil preparation machine according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a side view of a disclosed soil preparation machine according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a tillage implement and a leveling implement according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a breaking hammer according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the distribution of breaking hammers on the surface of a drum according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a depth adjusting member according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

Wherein, the reference numerals are as follows:

100. a soil preparation machine;

1. a frame; 2. a hooking member; 21. a hanging plate; 3. a tillage section; 31. a housing; 32. a roller; 33. a breaking hammer; 331. a mounting base; 332. crushing a hammer head; 3321. crushing hammer tips; 333. crushing a hammer handle; 4. a transmission member; 5. a lithotripsy cavity; 6. filtering comb teeth by broken stone; 7. a flattening member; 71. a scraper; 72. a height adjusting device; 8. a depth adjusting part; 81. a horizontal support plate; 82. a telescoping adjustment device; 83. a connecting piece; 9. steel balls; 10. and (5) sealing the bolts.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

The utility model aims to provide a soil preparation machine, which solves the problems of low soil crushing rate and large soil crushing particles of the existing rotary cultivator or finishing machine when soil preparation is carried out on high-viscosity soil.

It is still another object of the present utility model to provide a soil preparation machine capable of pulverizing larger crushed stone to below 2 cm.

Another object of the present utility model is also to provide a soil preparation system having the soil preparation machine.

In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present utility model will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the utility model will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides a soil preparation machine 100, which mainly includes a frame 1, a tillage unit 3 and a transmission unit 4, wherein a hitching unit 2 is provided on the frame 1, and the hitching unit 2 is used for hitching the frame 1 to the rear of a traction apparatus; the tillage part 3 comprises a shell 31 with a downward opening and a roller 32 rotatably installed in the shell 31, the shell 31 is arranged below the frame 1, and a plurality of breaking hammers 33 are arranged on the outer wall of the roller 32; the transmission part 4 is arranged on the frame 1, and the transmission part 4 is used for transmitting the power of the traction device to the roller 32 so as to drive the roller 32 to reversely rotate relative to the travelling wheels of the traction device when the traction device walks forwards, so that the breaking hammer 33 can break soil blocks in the viscous soil. The soil preparation machine 100 is turned from operation, and the driving mechanism of the traction device is utilized to drive the roller 32 to reversely rotate relative to the travelling wheels of the traction device, so that the breaking hammer 33 on the roller 32 can forward travel against the soil, the condition of soil missing can be effectively avoided, the soil breaking rate of the soil is improved, and the soil breaking effect of the machine tool during operation in the high-viscosity soil is improved.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the hooking member 2 includes a hooking plate 21, and the hooking plate 21 is disposed on the front top of the frame 1. The hitch plate 21 is used to connect with the associated components on the traction implement to drive the soil preparation machine 100 through the traction implement. In practice, taking the counterclockwise direction of rotation of the road wheels as the traction implement advances as an example, the drum 32 of the soil preparation machine 100 rotates clockwise as the traction implement advances.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the transmission part 4 is disposed on a side wall of the frame 1, the transmission part 4 includes a gearbox and a gear transmission mechanism, a power input end of the gearbox is used for being connected with a power part of the traction apparatus, and a power output end of the gearbox is connected with the roller 32 so as to drive the roller 32 to reversely rotate relative to a travelling wheel of the traction apparatus when the traction apparatus walks forward. The function of the gearbox is as follows: firstly, transmitting power, secondly, changing a transmission ratio and thirdly, changing a rotation direction. The inside of the gearbox is a meshed gear, and the transmission ratio is changed while the power is transmitted through different tooth numbers. The gearbox has a power input shaft that is coupled to a traction device, such as a power output of a tractor, and a power output shaft that is coupled to the drum 32 to rotate the drum 32. The above gearbox is a prior art and will not be described in detail here.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the top inner wall of the casing 31 is spaced apart from the drum 32 to form the crushed stone chamber 5 between the top inner wall of the casing 31 and the drum 32. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the breaking hammer 33 includes a mounting seat 331 and a breaking hammer body, the mounting seat 331 is a corner-type mounting seat, a first end of the corner-type mounting seat is connected with a sidewall of the drum 32, and a second end of the corner-type mounting seat points to a rotation direction of the drum 32; the crushing hammer body comprises a crushing hammer head 332 and a crushing hammer handle 333, the first end of the crushing hammer handle 333 is inserted into the second end of the mounting seat 331, as shown in fig. 4, semicircular grooves are formed in the corresponding positions of the first end of the crushing hammer handle 333 and the mounting seat 331, after the crushing hammer handle 333 is mounted in place on the mounting seat 331, the semicircular grooves on the crushing hammer handle 333 are butted with the semicircular grooves in the mounting seat 331 to form a circular groove with a circular cross section, one side of the mounting seat 331 is provided with a mounting hole communicated with the circular groove, after a plurality of steel balls 9 are put into the circular groove from the mounting hole, the mounting hole is blocked by using a sealing bolt 10, and as a preferable scheme, the sealing bolt 10 and the mounting hole are in threaded connection. The sealing bolt 10 plays a role in limiting the steel ball 9, so that the steel ball 9 is always positioned in the circular ring groove, and as the diameter of the steel ball 9 is matched with the diameter of the cross section of the circular ring groove, a part of the steel ball 9 is always embedded into the semicircular groove of the crushing hammer handle 333, and the crushing hammer handle 333 is prevented from falling from the mounting seat 331; meanwhile, the steel balls 9 and the circular grooves are matched to form a bearing structure, so that the crushing hammer handle 333 can rotate freely relative to the mounting seat 331. The crushing hammer 332 is a conical hammer, and a large end of the conical hammer is connected to the crushing hammer handle 333, and a pointed end of the conical hammer is directed in the rotation direction of the drum 32. When the rotary drum 32 is in operation, the rotary drum 32 rotates reversely relative to the travelling wheels of the traction device, the breaking hammer 33 rotates along with the rotary drum 32, and as the whole breaking hammer 33 is bent, the broken stone in soil and the soil can be scooped up through the hammer tip of the breaking hammer 332 when the rotary drum 32 rotates, the soil and the broken stone are conveyed into the broken stone cavity 5, the hammer tip has high hardness, and the hammer tip of the breaking hammer 33 and the top inner wall of the shell 31 can be used for squeezing and breaking the soil and the broken stone; meanwhile, the breaking hammer bodies of the breaking hammers 33 can rotate freely relative to the mounting seat 331, when the breaking hammers 33 squeeze the soil blocks and the broken stones in the broken stone cavity 5, the breaking hammers can be forced to rotate, the trafficability of stones between any two adjacent breaking hammers 33 is improved, meanwhile, the breaking hammers rotate in the process of squeezing broken stones, the abrasion on the periphery of the breaking hammer head 332 of the breaking hammers is relatively uniform, and the service life of the breaking hammers can be prolonged. The mounting seat 331 and the crushing hammer body are in a detachable rotary connection mode; in actual operation, the hammer handle of the crushing hammer body can be directly connected with the mounting seat 331 in a rotating way through the existing bearing structure, and the crushing hammer body cannot be disassembled in the mode, but the free rotation characteristic of the crushing hammer body can be guaranteed.

According to the soil preparation machine 100, the special breaking hammer 33 and the roller 32 are matched with the shell 31 to form the broken stone cavity 5, under the interception of the broken stone filtering comb teeth 6, stones and soil blocks in soil can be crushed while soil with high stone content is cultivated, and the problems that the existing rotary cultivator or finishing machine is poor in cultivation effect on high-viscosity soil and cannot work in soil with high stone content are solved.

Further, as shown in fig. 5, the plurality of breaking hammers 33 are arranged on the outer periphery of the drum 32, and as a preferable scheme, the breaking hammers 33 on the drum 32 are symmetrically arranged in two areas, the breaking hammers 33 on the left side area are spirally distributed on the outer periphery of the drum 32 (the breaking hammers 33 are uniformly arranged in the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the outer periphery of the drum 32), the breaking hammers 33 on the right side area are also spirally distributed on the outer periphery of the drum 32 (the breaking hammers 33 are uniformly arranged in the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the outer periphery of the drum 32), and the spirally arranging directions of the breaking hammers 33 in the left and right areas are opposite. As shown in fig. 5, by arranging the breaking hammers 33 in a spiral manner from the two axial ends of the drum 32 to the middle position, the left and right ends of the drum 32 can be utilized to gather the soil and stones at the two sides to the middle position of the drum 32, so that the unbroken stones can be prevented from leaking out of the machine tool from the two sides, the broken stones and the soil can be prevented from leaking out, and the broken stones, the broken soil and the tillage effect can be further improved.

In the breaking hammer 33 of the present embodiment, the corner of the mounting base 331 is preferably 90 ° to 110 °, and 90 ° is the best solution. The connection point between the mounting seat 331 and the outer wall of the drum 32 is taken as a reference point, the mounting seat 331 deviates from the radius of the drum where the reference point is located, and the direction of the crushing hammer body and the tangent line of the drum passing through the reference point form an included angle greater than zero, as shown in fig. 3.

In the embodiment, the broken stone filtering comb teeth 6 are also arranged, the broken stone filtering comb teeth 6 are obliquely arranged between the rear inner wall of the shell 31 and the roller 32, and the high ends of the broken stone filtering comb teeth 6 are connected with the shell 31; the broken stone filtering comb teeth 6 are used for intercepting and crushing substandard soil blocks and broken stone.

In this embodiment, the soil compacting and leveling device further comprises a leveling component 7, the leveling component 7 comprises a scraper 71 and a height adjusting device 72, the front end of the scraper 71 is hinged to the rear bottom of the housing 31, the height adjusting device 72 is arranged on the rear outer wall of the housing 31 and is connected with the rear end of the scraper 71, and the height adjusting device 72 is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the scraper 71 so as to compact and level crushed soil and enable the ground after tillage to be relatively level. The height adjusting device 72 may be a conventional mechanical driving component such as a hydraulic cylinder or an electric telescopic rod, or may be a manual adjusting component such as a manual telescopic rod, which will not be described in detail.

In this embodiment, the depth adjusting device further comprises a depth adjusting component 8, the depth adjusting component 8 comprises a horizontal supporting plate 81 and a telescopic adjusting device 82, the front end of the horizontal supporting plate 81 is hinged with the shell 31 through a connecting piece 83, and the telescopic adjusting device 82 is arranged on the shell 31 and is connected with waterThe rear end of the flat supporting plate 81 is connected, and the telescopic adjusting device 82 is used for adjusting the height of the flat supporting plate 81 from the ground so as to adjust the cultivation depth of crops; a depth adjusting part 8 is respectively provided at the rear of both sides of the housing 31, and the adjustment of the working depth is achieved by adjusting the height of the horizontal support plate 81 from the ground by the depth adjusting part 8. When the soil preparation machine works, the horizontal support plate 81 is supported on the ground by means of telescopic adjustment of the telescopic adjustment device 82, and at the moment, the whole soil preparation machine 100 can rise due to the support of the horizontal support plate 81, so that the cultivation depth becomes shallow; otherwise, the cultivation depth becomes deep. The depth adjusting part 8 is mainly used for adjusting the depth of the breaking hammer 33 on the roller 32 penetrating into the soil, thereby achieving the effect of adjusting the tilling depth. The depth adjusting member 8 may be a conventional mechanical driving member such as a hydraulic cylinder or an electric telescopic rod, or may be a manual adjusting member such as a manual telescopic rod, which will not be described in detail _。

The working principle and technical effects of the soil preparation machine 100 are described in detail below.

When the soil preparation machine is used, firstly, the hanging part 2 of the soil preparation machine 100 is hung behind a tractor or other traction devices, and then the tractor or other traction devices drive the soil preparation machine 100 to move forwards on the soil to be cultivated. In the advancing process, a power mechanism of a tractor or other traction devices drives a roller 32 in the soil preparation machine 100 to reversely rotate relative to travelling wheels of the traction devices, so that soil blocks and broken stones in the soil are scooped up by a continuously rotating breaking hammer 33, and conveyed into a broken stone cavity 5 for extrusion and breaking, and the purposes of tillage and broken stone are achieved. The outlet department of rubble cavity 5 sets up rubble and filters broach 6, and the gap discharge on the particle diameter accessible rubble filters broach 6 is to in the soil, and the particle diameter is not up to standard, smashes unqualified soil and rubble promptly and is filtered the broach 6 interception by rubble and in rubble cavity 5, continues to extrude through breaking hammer 33 and shell 31 inner wall and smashes and smash after up to standard, can pass through the gap discharge to the soil on the rubble filters broach 6 in, has promoted rubble and hack effect. In the process of crushing broken stones and discharging soil, the leveling component 7 and the depth adjusting component 8 at the rear of the frame 1 sequentially level and level the crushed soil and adjust the cultivation depth.

Therefore, the soil preparation machine 100 integrates the functions of stone breaking, soil breaking, compacting and leveling and cultivation depth adjusting, not only can reverse rotation of the roller relative to the traction device walking wheel, improves the cultivation effect of high-viscosity soil, solves the problem of poor cultivation effect of high-viscosity soil, but also can crush soil blocks and stones in soil when cultivation is performed, solves the problem that the soil with more stone content cannot be worked by a common cultivation machine, realizes effective cultivation of soil, and is suitable for stone breaking cultivation operation of high-viscosity soil. The following describes the beneficial effects of the soil preparation machine 100 in detail:

(1) Most existing rotary tillers or finishing machines rotate anticlockwise when working, so that the tillage rate of tillage cutters is high when working, and the tillage effect is not ideal when working in high-viscosity soil, and the tillage effect is not good, and the finishing field cannot meet the requirements of direct seeding or transplanting; the soil preparation machine of the technical scheme has the characteristics of soil breaking and good soil preparation effect under high-viscosity soil, and can solve the problems of low soil breaking rate and large soil breaking particles of the existing rotary cultivator or finishing machine after operation in the high-viscosity soil.

(2) The existing rotary cultivator or finishing machine does not have the function of breaking stones, and even the cutting knife is seriously broken or can not work at all in the plots with high broken stone content; according to the technical scheme, the soil preparation machine is arranged through the special structure of the breaking hammer, the crushing effect of high-viscosity soil can be remarkably improved, the soil preparation machine has the functions of crushing stones and soil blocks, broken stones in the soil (before crushing) generally refer to stones larger than 2cm, the maximum stone can reach about 30cm, and the breaking hammer can crush large stones and large soil blocks in the soil to below 2cm, so that the problem of breaking the cutter cannot occur. Meanwhile, the soil tillage effect is achieved.

(3) The quartering hammer that this technical scheme design installs on the cylinder, and the quartering hammer is rotatory along with the cylinder, and the gap that forms between the adjacent quartering hammer can make soil and stone pass through, has increased the trafficability characteristic of soil and stone in crushing process.

(4) According to the technical scheme, the broken stone filtering comb teeth are arranged at the outlet of the broken stone cavity, larger soil blocks and stone particles can be intercepted until the broken stone filtering comb teeth are crushed and discharged through the broken stone filtering comb teeth, and a doctor has the crushing effect of the stone and the soil blocks.

(5) According to the technical scheme, the leveling component is arranged behind the tillage component, so that the land after tillage and broken stones can be compacted and leveled, the ground after tillage is leveled, and the quality of subsequent sowing and transplanting is improved.

(6) According to the technical scheme, the depth adjusting part is arranged behind the tillage part, so that tillage depth adjustment can be carried out according to requirements, the application range is wider, and the matching degree of different crops and tillage requirements is higher.

Example two

The present embodiment proposes a soil preparation system comprising a traction device and a soil preparation machine 100 as described in the first embodiment, wherein the traction device is connected to a hitching member 2 of the soil preparation machine 100, and a power member of the traction device is connected to a transmission member 4 of the soil preparation machine 100. In practice, the traction apparatus may be a tractor.

It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present utility model is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the utility model being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

The principles and embodiments of the present utility model have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present utility model; also, it is within the scope of the present utility model to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the utility model.

Claims (10)

1. A soil preparation machine, characterized by comprising:

the traction device comprises a rack, wherein a hanging component is arranged on the rack and used for hanging the rack to the rear of a traction appliance;

the tillage part comprises a shell with a downward opening and a roller rotatably installed in the shell, the shell is arranged below the frame, a plurality of breaking hammers are arranged on the outer wall of the roller, and the breaking hammers can crush viscous soil when the roller rotates;

the transmission part is arranged on the frame and is used for transmitting the power of the traction device to the roller so as to drive the roller to reversely rotate relative to the travelling wheels of the traction device when the traction device walks forwards.

2. The soil preparation machine of claim 1, wherein the hooking means comprises a hooking plate disposed at a front top of the frame.

3. The soil preparation machine of claim 1, wherein the transmission member is disposed on a side wall of the frame, the transmission member comprises a gearbox and a gear transmission mechanism, a power input end of the gearbox is connected with a power member of the traction device, and a power output end of the gearbox is connected with the roller through the gear transmission mechanism so as to drive the roller to reversely rotate relative to a travelling wheel of the traction device when the traction device walks forward.

4. The soil preparation machine of claim 1, wherein a top inner wall of the housing is spaced from the drum to form a crushed stone cavity between the top inner wall of the housing and the drum; the breaking hammer is of a bending structure, one end of the breaking hammer is connected with the roller, the other end of the breaking hammer points to the rotating direction of the roller, so that when the roller rotates reversely relative to a travelling wheel of the traction device, broken stones in soil blocks and the soil are shoveled up, and the soil blocks and the broken stones are conveyed into the broken stone cavity, so that the breaking hammer and the top inner wall of the shell are utilized to squeeze and break the soil blocks and the broken stones.

5. The soil preparation machine according to claim 4, wherein the breaking hammer comprises a mounting seat and a breaking hammer body, the mounting seat is a corner-type mounting seat, one end of the mounting seat is connected with the side wall of the roller, the breaking hammer body comprises a breaking hammer handle and a breaking hammer head arranged at one end of the breaking hammer handle, and the other end of the breaking hammer handle is rotationally connected with the other end of the mounting seat; the crushing hammer head is a conical hammer head, and the tip of the crushing hammer head points to the rotating direction of the roller, so that when the roller rotates reversely relative to the travelling wheel of the traction device, the soil blocks and broken stones in the soil are scooped up, and the soil blocks and broken stones are conveyed into the broken stone cavity for extrusion crushing.

6. The soil preparation machine of claim 5, further comprising a gravel filtering comb tooth obliquely arranged between a rear inner wall of the housing and the drum, and a high end of the gravel filtering comb tooth is connected with the housing; the broken stone filtering comb teeth are used for intercepting and crushing substandard soil blocks and broken stone.

7. The soil preparation machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a leveling member including a scraper and a height adjusting device, wherein a front end of the scraper is hinged to a rear bottom of the housing, the height adjusting device is disposed on a rear outer wall of the housing and connected to a rear end of the scraper, and the height adjusting device is configured to adjust an inclination angle of the scraper to level crushed soil.

8. The soil preparation machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a depth adjusting part, wherein the depth adjusting part comprises a horizontal support plate and a telescopic adjusting device, the front end of the horizontal support plate is hinged to the housing through a connecting piece, the telescopic adjusting device is arranged on the housing and is connected with the rear end of the horizontal support plate, and the telescopic adjusting device is used for adjusting the height of the horizontal support plate from the ground so as to adjust the cultivation depth of crops;

the depth adjusting parts are respectively arranged at the rear parts of two sides of the shell.

9. A soil preparation system comprising a traction device and a soil preparation machine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, said traction device being connected to said hitching member, and a power member of said traction device being connected to said transmission member.

10. The soil preparation system of claim 9, wherein the traction implement is a tractor.

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