CN219105387U - Mechanism for automatically tracking sun of photovoltaic panel - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of solar equipment, and discloses a mechanism for automatically tracking the sun by a photovoltaic panel, which comprises the photovoltaic panel, a vertical rotating motor, a horizontal rotating motor, a sunlight sensor and a controller, wherein the vertical rotating motor is arranged on the photovoltaic panel; a vertical transmission structure is connected between the vertical rotating motor and the photovoltaic panel, and a horizontal transmission structure is connected between the horizontal rotating motor and the photovoltaic panel; the solar sensor is parallel to the photovoltaic panel and synchronously moves, and comprises four obliquely arranged photoelectric sensors, wherein the inclination angles of the four photoelectric sensors are the same; the controller receives signals of the sunlight sensor and controls the vertical rotating motor and the horizontal rotating motor to act; according to the utility model, the sunlight angle is sensed by the sunlight sensor, and the motor driving transmission structure is controlled by the controller, so that the photovoltaic panel is always subjected to vertical irradiation of sunlight, the utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic panel to the sunlight is ensured, and the efficiency of converting solar energy into electric energy is further improved.

Description

Mechanism for automatically tracking sun of photovoltaic panel

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of solar equipment, in particular to a mechanism for automatically tracking the sun by a photovoltaic panel.

Background

The photovoltaic power generation market is developed rapidly, and the photovoltaic panel is installed in a proper place through the supporting mechanism. Some supporting mechanisms are fixed and immovable, and once the photovoltaic panel is fixed, the photovoltaic panel always receives the irradiation of sunlight in the direction and the elevation angle when the photovoltaic panel is installed. However, the direction and angle of the sun irradiated on the photovoltaic panel in one day are always changed, so that the intensity of the sunlight received by the photovoltaic panel is always changed, the efficiency of converting the photovoltaic energy into electric energy is difficult to be optimal, certain waste of solar energy is caused, and the single-day power generation amount of the photovoltaic panel is greatly reduced.

In the prior art, a solar double-shaft tracking device is disclosed in the utility model patent with the publication number of CN 203858516U; the utility model patent with publication number of CN215117274U discloses a double-row single-control flat single-shaft tracking device for a photovoltaic bracket; the solar energy sensor has the advantages that the photovoltaic panel can move along with the sun, the power generation efficiency is improved, the angle identification of the sunlight is realized by adopting a single sensor, the sunlight induction is realized by means of the single sensor, the photovoltaic panel cannot be completely and accurately made to correspond to the sun, the corresponding accuracy is low, and the improvement of the power generation efficiency is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to solve the problem of low electric energy conversion efficiency of a mechanism for automatically tracking the sun by a photovoltaic panel in the prior art, and provides the mechanism for automatically tracking the sun by the photovoltaic panel.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions:

a mechanism for automatically tracking the sun of a photovoltaic panel comprises the photovoltaic panel, a vertical rotating motor, a horizontal rotating motor, a sunlight sensor and a controller; a vertical transmission structure is connected between the vertical rotating motor and the photovoltaic panel, and a horizontal transmission structure is connected between the horizontal rotating motor and the photovoltaic panel; the solar sensor is parallel to the photovoltaic panel and synchronously moves, and comprises four obliquely arranged photoelectric sensors, wherein the inclination angles of the four photoelectric sensors are the same; the controller receives signals of the sunlight sensor and controls the vertical rotating motor and the horizontal rotating motor to act.

Further, the horizontal transmission structure comprises a supporting seat and a rotating cylinder, the lower part of the rotating cylinder is horizontally connected with the supporting seat in a rotating way, the upper end of the rotating cylinder supports the photovoltaic panel, the lower part of the supporting seat is provided with a horizontal rotating motor, the horizontal rotating motor is connected with a gear, and the inner side of the lower part of the rotating cylinder is connected with an inner gear ring meshed with the gear.

Further, the photovoltaic board downside fixedly connected with first support, a rotary cylinder upper end fixed connection bracing piece, bracing piece upper end and first support hinge.

Further, the vertical transmission structure comprises a connecting rod hinged with the first bracket, a driving rod is hinged with the connecting rod, the driving rod is connected with the vertical rotation motor, and the vertical rotation motor is arranged in the middle of the rotation barrel.

Further, one side of the photovoltaic panel is connected with a second bracket, and the second bracket is parallel to the photovoltaic panel; the sunlight sensor is arranged on the upper side of the second bracket, and the controller is arranged on the lower side of the second bracket.

Further, the sunlight sensor is provided with a top surface and four inclined surfaces inclined to the top surface, the top surface is parallel to the photovoltaic panel, and four photoelectric sensors are respectively arranged in the middle of the four inclined surfaces.

Further, the sensing surface of the photoelectric sensor is parallel to the inclined surface where the photoelectric sensor is positioned; the photoelectric sensor converts sunlight signals into electric signals, and the controller receives the electric signals of the photoelectric sensor.

The sunlight sensor receives the irradiation of sunlight, and four photoelectric sensors which are respectively inclined outwards are arranged on the sunlight sensor. When sunlight vertically irradiates on the sunlight sensor, the intensity of sunlight received by the photoelectric sensors in four directions is completely equal, the magnitudes of electric signals converted by the four photoelectric sensors are also completely the same, the controller divides the four electric signals into two pairs in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, if the magnitudes of the two electric signals in the horizontal direction are not equal, the controller outputs a motor for driving the horizontal direction to rotate towards a certain direction so as to drive a horizontal direction regulating mechanism to act, the magnitude difference of the two electric signals is gradually reduced, and finally, after the equality is achieved, the controller stops outputting signals for driving the motor to rotate; similarly, if the two electrical signals in the vertical direction are not equal in size, the controller outputs a signal for driving the motor in the vertical direction to rotate in a certain direction to drive the vertical direction adjusting mechanism to act, so that the difference in size between the two electrical signals is gradually reduced, and finally, after the two electrical signals are equal, the controller stops outputting the signal for driving the motor to rotate. The end result is that sunlight can vertically irradiate on the photovoltaic panel, so that the intensity of sunlight received by the photovoltaic panel is strongest.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:

the sunlight sensor provided by the utility model is provided with four photoelectric sensors, wherein the four photoelectric sensors are in groups, and the two-way accurate identification of the sunlight angle is realized through the intensity of the electric signals output by the same group of photoelectric sensors; the sunlight angle change is accurately sensed by the sunlight sensor, and the motor is respectively controlled by the controller to drive the vertical transmission structure and the horizontal transmission structure, so that the photovoltaic panel is always subjected to vertical irradiation of sunlight, the utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic panel to the sunlight is ensured, and the efficiency of converting solar energy into electric energy is further improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the lower internal structure of the present utility model.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the lower interior of the present utility model.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the change of the vertical rotation position according to the present utility model.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the support base of the present utility model.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the ring gear and gear mesh a of the present utility model.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the ring gear and gear mesh B of the present utility model.

Fig. 8 is a schematic rear view of the present utility model.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a solar light sensor according to the present utility model.

In the figure: a. a photovoltaic panel; b. a first bracket; c. a rotating cylinder; d. a vertical rotation motor; e. a support base; f. a horizontal rotation motor; g. a cover plate; h. a base; i. a second bracket; j. a controller; k. a solar light sensor; p, top surface; 1. a small hinged support; 2. a connecting rod; 3. a first pin; 4. a second pin; 5. a driving rod; 6. a first output shaft; 7. a third pin; 8. a large hinged support; 9. a support rod; 10. a second bearing; 11. a first bearing; 12. a gear; 13. an inner gear ring; 14. a first screw; 15. an L-shaped bracket; 16. a second screw; 17. a second output shaft; 18. a protrusion; 19. and a third screw.

Detailed Description

The present utility model will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more apparent. It should be understood that the particular embodiments described herein are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the utility model, i.e., the embodiments described are merely some, but not all, of the embodiments of the utility model. The components of the embodiments of the present utility model generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the utility model, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present utility model.

It is noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

In the description of the present utility model, the terms "mounted," "connected," "coupled," and "connected," as may be used broadly, and may be connected, for example, fixedly, detachably, or integrally, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those skilled in the art in specific cases.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the term "provided" may be interpreted broadly, and for example, an object "provided" may be a part of a body, may be separately disposed from the body, and may be connected to the body, where the connection may be a detachable connection or an undetachable connection. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those skilled in the art in specific cases.

The present utility model is described in further detail below with reference to examples.

The utility model provides a concrete embodiment of a mechanism for automatically tracking the sun by a photovoltaic panel, which comprises the following steps:

referring to fig. 1-9, the mechanism for automatically tracking the sun by the photovoltaic panel comprises a photovoltaic panel a, a first bracket b, a rotating cylinder c, a vertical rotating motor d, a supporting seat e, a horizontal rotating motor f, a cover plate g, a base h, a second bracket i, a controller j, a sunlight sensor k, a small hinge seat 1, a connecting rod 2, a first pin shaft 3, a second pin shaft 4, a driving rod 5, a first output shaft 6, a third pin shaft 7, a large hinge seat 8, a supporting rod 9, a second bearing 10, a first bearing 11, a gear 12, an inner gear ring 13, a first screw 14, an L-shaped bracket 15, a second screw 16, a second output shaft 17, a protrusion 18 and a third screw 19.

The photovoltaic panel a is fixed on the upper side of the first bracket b, and the small vertical rotation hinge support 1 and the large vertical rotation hinge support 8 are fixed on the lower side of the first bracket b. The small hinged support 1 which rotates vertically is connected with one end of the connecting rod 2 through a first pin shaft 3 and can rotate in the vertical direction. The other end of the connecting rod 2 is connected with one end of the driving rod 5 through a second pin shaft 4 and can rotate. The other end of the driving rod 5 is fixedly connected with a first output shaft 6 of the vertical rotation motor d. The vertical rotation motor d is fixed on the rotation cylinder c. The large hinge support 8 which rotates vertically is connected with the support rod 9 through the third pin shaft 7 and can rotate in the vertical direction. The support rod 9 is welded to the rotating cylinder c.

The lower part of the rotating cylinder c is sleeved outside the supporting seat e. The second bearing 11 and the first bearing 10 are installed at the middle upper portion of the support seat e, and the rotating cylinder c is supported by the second bearing 11 and the first bearing 10 such that the rotating cylinder c and all the components fixed on the rotating cylinder c do horizontal rotational movement with respect to the support seat e. The base h is fixed on the ground, and the cover plate g at the bottom of the supporting seat e is connected with the base h through a second screw 16. The horizontal rotation motor f is connected to the upper side of the cover plate g through an L-shaped bracket 15. The L-shaped bracket 15 is respectively connected with a horizontal rotating motor f and a cover plate g through a first screw 14 and a third screw 19. The end of a second output shaft 17 of the horizontal rotation motor f is connected with a gear 12, and the gear 12 is meshed with the annular gear 13. The outer side of the ring gear 13 is fixed inside the lower inner wall of the rotary cylinder c by a protrusion 18.

The horizontal rotation process comprises the following steps: when the second output shaft 17 of the horizontal rotation motor f rotates, the gear 12 also rotates, so as to drive the inner gear ring 13 to rotate, and the inner gear ring 13 drives the rotating cylinder c to rotate, so that the angle of the photovoltaic panel a in the horizontal direction is changed.

The vertical rotation process comprises the following steps: when the first output shaft 6 of the vertical rotation motor d rotates, the driving rod 5 is driven to move, the connecting rod 2 is driven to move through the second pin shaft 4, and the connecting rod 2 drives the small hinged support 1, the first bracket b and the photovoltaic panel a to rotate upwards or downwards through the first pin shaft 3, so that the elevation angle of the photovoltaic panel a is changed.

The second bracket i is connected to the upper end of the first bracket a, and is parallel to the first bracket a. The solar sensor k is fixed on the upper side of the second bracket i, and the controller j is fixed on the lower side of the second bracket i. The solar sensor k may receive illumination from solar light.

Working principle: the plane of the photovoltaic panel a is parallel to the plane at the upper end of the sunlight sensor k, the sunlight sensor k converts the received sunlight direction into an electric signal to be output to the controller j, the controller j converts the received electric signal into a corresponding electric signal for driving the motor to rotate, so that the corresponding motor drives the rotating mechanism to rotate along with the photovoltaic panel a and the sunlight sensor k in the horizontal and vertical directions, along with the rotation, the light rays of the sunlight irradiating the photovoltaic panel a and the sunlight sensor k are changed at the same time, and the sunlight gradually tends to vertically irradiate the photovoltaic panel a and the sunlight sensor k, and when the optimal vertical irradiation is achieved, namely, the absorption rate of the photovoltaic panel a to the sunlight reaches the highest, the controller j stops driving the motor to rotate, so that the photovoltaic panel a and the sunlight sensor k stay at the position. When the positions of the photovoltaic panel a and the sunlight sensor k are changed by sunlight irradiation, the whole rotating mechanism acts again according to the rule until the direction of the photovoltaic panel a and the sunlight sensor k receiving sunlight is vertical. This cycle is repeated.

As shown in fig. 9, the solar sensor k is approximately in the shape of a quadrangular frustum, and four photoelectric sensors S1, S2, S3, S4 are uniformly arranged on the outer side of the solar sensor k, and when the photoelectric sensors sense solar light irradiation, the photoelectric sensors output electric signals. The stronger the sunlight, the larger the value of the output electric signal, and conversely, the smaller the value of the electric signal. The sensing sensitivity of the four photoelectric sensors to light is completely consistent, and the same included angles exist between the plane direction of the top surface p of the solar sensor k and the four photoelectric sensors in the four directions. When the sunlight is exactly perpendicular to the top surface p, the light intensities perceived by the four photosensors are exactly the same. The photosensor S1 and the photosensor S3 sense a change in the intensity of sunlight in the vertical direction. The photosensors S2 and S4 sense a change in the light intensity of sunlight in the horizontal direction.

For example, when the height of the sun becomes high, the sunlight received by the photosensor S1 becomes weak, and the value of the electric signal output by the photosensor S1 becomes small; the sunlight received by the photoelectric sensor S3 becomes strong, and the value of the electric signal output by the photoelectric sensor S3 becomes large; the intensity of sunlight received by the photoelectric sensor S2 and the photoelectric sensor S4 is also changed, but the signal values of the photoelectric sensor S2 and the photoelectric sensor S4 are changed completely in the same magnitude.

When the position of the sun in the horizontal direction changes, the sunlight received by the photoelectric sensor S2 becomes weak, and the value of the electric signal output by the photoelectric sensor S2 becomes small; the sunlight received by the photoelectric sensor S4 becomes strong, and the value of the electric signal output by the photoelectric sensor S4 becomes large; the intensity of sunlight received by the photoelectric sensor S1 and the photoelectric sensor S3 is also changed, but the signal values of the photoelectric sensor S1 and the photoelectric sensor S3 are changed completely in the same magnitude.

The controller j is used for receiving the electric signals output by the four photoelectric sensors of the sunlight sensor k. The controller j outputs a motor driving signal for rotating the vertical rotation motor d and a motor driving signal for rotating the horizontal rotation motor f at the same time. When the solar altitude becomes high, the controller j receives the electric signal value from the photoelectric sensor S1 to become small, and the electric signal value from the photoelectric sensor S3 becomes large, then the controller j outputs a driving signal to enable the vertical rotation motor d to rotate anticlockwise, the elevation angle of the photovoltaic panel a is enabled to be large under the action of the driving rod 5 and the connecting rod 2, meanwhile, the irradiation direction of the top surface p of the sunlight sensor k relative to the sun is also changed, and the vertical rotation motor d stops rotating until the electric signal values output by the photoelectric sensor S1 and the photoelectric sensor S3 are the same; similarly, when the position of the sun in the horizontal direction changes, the value of the electric signal from the photoelectric sensor S2 becomes smaller and the value of the electric signal from the photoelectric sensor S4 becomes larger, the controller j outputs a driving signal to rotate the horizontal rotation motor f, the photovoltaic panel a is deflected in the direction of the sun under the action of the gear 12, the ring gear 13 and the rotating cylinder c, and the top surface p of the sunlight sensor k also changes relative to the irradiation direction of the sun until the values of the electric signals output by the photoelectric sensor S2 and the photoelectric sensor S4 are the same, and the horizontal rotation motor f stops rotating. The direction of the photovoltaic panel a and the direction of the sunlight sensor k are changed due to the change of the position of the sun, so that the sunlight always vertically irradiates on the photovoltaic panel a and the sunlight sensor k, and the intensity of the received sunlight is strongest.

It should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, and the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiment, but may be modified without inventive effort or equivalent substitution of some technical features thereof by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model should be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (7)

1. A mechanism for automatically tracking the sun by a photovoltaic panel comprises the photovoltaic panel (a), a vertical rotating motor (d) and a horizontal rotating motor (f), a sunlight sensor (k) and a controller (j); the method is characterized in that: a vertical transmission structure is connected between the vertical rotating motor (d) and the photovoltaic panel (a), and a horizontal transmission structure is connected between the horizontal rotating motor (f) and the photovoltaic panel (a); the solar light sensor (k) is parallel to the photovoltaic panel (a) and synchronously moves, the solar light sensor (k) comprises four obliquely arranged photoelectric sensors, and the inclination angles of the four photoelectric sensors are the same; the controller (j) receives signals of the sunlight sensor (k) and controls the vertical rotating motor (d) and the horizontal rotating motor (f) to act.

2. The mechanism for automatically tracking the sun by a photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, wherein: the horizontal transmission structure comprises a supporting seat (e) and a rotating cylinder (c), wherein the lower part of the rotating cylinder (c) is horizontally connected with the supporting seat (e) in a rotating way, the upper end of the rotating cylinder (c) supports the photovoltaic panel (a), the lower part of the supporting seat (e) is provided with a horizontal rotating motor (f), the horizontal rotating motor (f) is connected with a gear (12), and the inner side of the lower part of the rotating cylinder (c) is connected with an annular gear (13) meshed with the gear (12).

3. The mechanism for automatically tracking the sun by a photovoltaic panel according to claim 2, wherein: the photovoltaic panel (a) downside fixedly connected with first support (b), rotating cylinder (c) upper end connection bracing piece (9), bracing piece (9) upper end and first support (b) are articulated.

4. A mechanism for automatically tracking the sun by a photovoltaic panel according to claim 3, wherein: the vertical transmission structure comprises a connecting rod (2) hinged with the first bracket (b), a driving rod (5) is hinged with the connecting rod (2), the driving rod (5) is connected with a vertical rotating motor (d), and the vertical rotating motor (d) is arranged in the middle of the rotating cylinder (c).

5. The mechanism for automatically tracking the sun by a photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, wherein: one side of the photovoltaic panel (a) is connected with a second bracket (i), and the second bracket (i) is parallel to the photovoltaic panel (a); the solar light sensor (k) is arranged on the upper side of the second bracket (i), and the controller (j) is arranged on the lower side of the second bracket (i).

6. The mechanism for automatically tracking the sun by a photovoltaic panel according to claim 5, wherein: the solar light sensor (k) is provided with a top surface (p) and four inclined surfaces inclined to the top surface (p), the top surface (p) is parallel to the photovoltaic panel (a), and four photoelectric sensors are respectively arranged in the middle of the four inclined surfaces.

7. The mechanism for automatically tracking the sun by a photovoltaic panel according to claim 6, wherein: the sensing surface of the photoelectric sensor is parallel to the inclined surface where the sensing surface is positioned; the photoelectric sensor converts sunlight signals into electric signals, and the controller (j) receives the electric signals of the photoelectric sensor.

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