CN218750406U

CN218750406U - Battery package quick change guider and electric vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN218750406U
Application number: CN202221841068.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张建平; 仇丹梁; 褚佳玮
Original assignee: Aulton New Energy Automotive Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Aulton New Energy Automotive Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-07-15
Filing date: 2022-07-15
Publication date: 2023-03-28
Anticipated expiration: 2032-07-15

Abstract

The utility model provides a quick-change guiding device for battery packs and an electric vehicle, which are used for guiding a plurality of battery packs which are arranged in parallel along the length direction or the width direction of the electric vehicle to be respectively vertically connected with the electric vehicle; the battery pack quick-change guiding device comprises first guiding units which are respectively arranged between each battery pack and the electric vehicle, and a main guiding mechanism of each first guiding unit is used for vertical guiding when the battery pack is hung on the electric vehicle, so that the position relation between the battery pack and the electric vehicle is quickly and effectively determined, the positioning precision of the battery pack relative to the electric vehicle is improved, and the power change success rate is improved; the auxiliary guide mechanism of the first guide unit is used for being matched with the main guide mechanism to limit the rotation of the battery pack in the horizontal plane, so that the positioning accuracy of the battery pack relative to the electric vehicle is further improved, the rotation of the battery pack caused by vehicle bump or inertia and other reasons can be prevented, the possibility of collision between the battery pack and the electric vehicle is reduced, and the damage to the battery pack is avoided.

Description

Battery package quick change guider and electric vehicle

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an electric vehicle trades the electric field, in particular to battery package quick change guider and electric vehicle.

Background

At present, electric vehicles are more and more popular among consumers, the electric vehicles need to be charged after the electric energy is used up, and due to the limitation of the existing battery technology and charging technology, the electric vehicles need to spend a long time when being fully charged, which is not as simple and rapid as that of direct oil filling of automobiles. Therefore, in order to reduce the waiting time of the user, it is an effective means to replace the battery when the electric power of the electric vehicle is rapidly exhausted. At present, with the market share and the use frequency of electric vehicles becoming higher and higher, large-sized vehicles (e.g., heavy trucks and light trucks) begin to gradually and widely apply a battery quick-change technology in addition to small-sized vehicles using a storage battery as a driving energy source.

In the installation process of the battery pack, due to reasons such as parking deviation of the electric vehicle, the positioning accuracy of the battery pack relative to the electric vehicle is reduced, the installation difficulty is improved, and the power conversion success rate is reduced.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is to provide a battery package quick change guider and electric vehicle for overcoming among the prior art because reasons such as electric vehicle's the deviation of berthing lead to the battery package for electric vehicle's positioning accuracy reduces defect.

The utility model discloses an above-mentioned technical problem is solved through following technical scheme:

a quick-change guiding device for battery packs is used for guiding a plurality of battery packs which are arranged in parallel along the length direction or the width direction of an electric vehicle to be respectively and vertically hung with the electric vehicle;

the battery pack quick-change guiding device comprises first guiding units respectively arranged between each battery pack and the electric vehicle, and each first guiding unit comprises at least one main guiding mechanism and an auxiliary guiding mechanism matched with the main guiding mechanism;

the main guide mechanism is used for vertical guide when the battery pack is hung on the electric vehicle, and the auxiliary guide mechanism is used for being matched with the main guide mechanism to limit the rotation of the battery pack in the horizontal plane.

In the scheme, in the process of installing the battery pack, the main guide mechanism can guide the battery pack in advance, quickly and effectively determine the position relation between the battery pack and the electric vehicle, improve the positioning accuracy of the battery pack relative to the electric vehicle, facilitate the connection between the battery pack and the electric vehicle, ensure the stability of the relative position of the battery pack and the electric vehicle in the moving process, reduce the installation difficulty and improve the power conversion success rate. The main guide mechanism and the auxiliary guide mechanism are matched to limit the rotation of the battery pack in a horizontal plane, so that the positioning accuracy of the battery pack relative to the electric vehicle is further improved, the rotation of the battery pack caused by vehicle bump or inertia and the like can be prevented, the possibility of collision between the battery pack and the electric vehicle is reduced, and the damage of the battery pack is avoided.

Preferably, the main guide mechanism is further used for limiting the movement of the battery pack in the horizontal direction, and the auxiliary guide mechanism is further used for vertical guide when the battery pack is hung on the electric vehicle.

In the scheme, the main guide mechanism further limits the movement of the battery pack along the horizontal direction, so that the battery pack is prevented from shifting in the horizontal direction in the installation process, the positioning accuracy of the battery pack relative to the electric vehicle is guaranteed, the power conversion success rate is improved, the battery pack can be prevented from moving in the horizontal direction due to vehicle jolt, inertia and the like, the possibility of collision between the battery pack and the electric vehicle is further reduced, and the battery pack is prevented from being damaged. The auxiliary guide mechanism plays a vertical guide role in the battery pack, the guide effect of the first guide unit on the battery pack is improved, and the positioning accuracy and the battery replacement success rate of the battery pack relative to the electric vehicle are improved.

Preferably, the main guide mechanism comprises a main guide pin extending along the vertical direction and a main guide hole matched with the main guide pin, and the auxiliary guide mechanism comprises an auxiliary guide pin extending along the vertical direction and an auxiliary guide hole matched with the auxiliary guide pin; the main guide pin is matched with the main guide hole, and the auxiliary guide pin is in clearance fit with the auxiliary guide hole.

In this scheme, through the cooperation of main uide pin and main guide hole, auxiliary uide pin and auxiliary guide hole, when realizing the direction to the battery package, also can restrict the removal of battery package horizontal direction and the rotation on the horizontal plane, simple structure, with low costs, the reliability is high. The auxiliary guide pin is in clearance fit with the auxiliary guide hole, so that the auxiliary guide mechanism can prevent over-positioning when guiding the battery pack, the positioning accuracy of the first guide unit relative to the battery pack is reduced, the position accuracy of the first guide unit is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.

Preferably, the main guide pin is a round pin, and the main guide hole is a round hole;

the auxiliary guide pin is a round pin, and the auxiliary guide hole is a long round hole; or the auxiliary guide pin is a chamfered edge pin, the auxiliary guide hole is a round hole, and the normal line of the positioning arc connecting line of the chamfered edge pin points to the center of the main guide pin.

In this scheme, main guide pin and main guide hole adopt the structure of circular round pin and round hole, and auxiliary guide pin and auxiliary guide hole adopt the structure of circular round pin and slotted hole, and the cooperation is convenient on the one hand, can realize the quick guide to the battery package, and the shape of slotted hole can reduce the cooperation precision of auxiliary guide pin and auxiliary guide hole to reduce the position accuracy of first guide unit. On the other hand, the round pin and the round hole are simple in structure, convenient to process and low in cost. The auxiliary guide pin and the auxiliary guide hole are of structures of the chamfered edge pin and the round hole, certain degree of freedom is reserved for the auxiliary guide pin, and the phenomenon of over-positioning is avoided.

Preferably, one of the main guide pin and the main guide hole is provided to the battery pack, and the other is provided to the electric vehicle; one of the auxiliary guide pin and the auxiliary guide hole is provided in the battery pack, and the other is provided in the electric vehicle;

and/or the number of the main guide mechanisms and the number of the auxiliary guide mechanisms are two, and the two main guide mechanisms and the two auxiliary guide mechanisms are arranged corresponding to four end corner areas at the top of the battery pack;

and/or the main guide mechanism and the auxiliary guide mechanism are respectively provided with one, and the main guide mechanism and the auxiliary guide mechanism are arranged corresponding to two diagonal areas at the top of the battery pack;

and/or the free end of the main guide pin and/or the auxiliary guide pin is provided with a guide conical surface.

In the scheme, the main guide pin and the main guide hole, and the auxiliary guide pin and the auxiliary guide hole are respectively and correspondingly arranged on the battery pack and the electric vehicle, so that the battery pack can be positioned and guided relative to the electric vehicle, the mounting difficulty is reduced, and the power conversion success rate is improved. The main guide mechanism or the auxiliary guide mechanism is arranged in each of the four end corner areas of the battery pack, so that the guide and limiting effects of the first guide unit on the battery pack can be enhanced. The main guide mechanism and the auxiliary guide mechanism are arranged in two diagonal areas of the battery pack, so that the guide and limiting effects on the battery pack can be guaranteed while the number of the main guide mechanism or the auxiliary guide mechanism is reduced. The free ends of the main guide pin and/or the auxiliary guide pin are provided with the guide conical surfaces, so that the main guide pin and/or the auxiliary guide pin can be guided to enter the corresponding main guide hole and the corresponding auxiliary guide hole, and the guide reliability is improved.

Preferably, the quick-change guide device for battery packs further includes second guide units respectively disposed between each battery pack and the electric vehicle, each second guide unit includes at least one second guide mechanism, each second guide mechanism includes a guide groove and at least one guide block disposed opposite to the guide groove and engaged with the guide groove, and a guide inclined surface is disposed at one end of the guide block facing the guide groove.

In this scheme, the second guide unit is used for further realizing the direction to the battery package, through the cooperation of guide way and guide block, further improves the battery package for electric vehicle's positioning accuracy, improves and trades the electric success rate. One end of the guide block facing the guide groove is provided with a guide inclined plane, so that the guide block and the guide groove are convenient to match.

Preferably, the guide inclined planes are positioned on the two sides of the guide block corresponding to the groove walls of the guide groove, and the guide inclined planes incline towards the inner side of the guide groove;

and/or the number of the second guide mechanisms is two, the guide grooves of the two second guide mechanisms are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the two guide grooves are respectively positioned on two opposite sides of the battery pack in the length direction;

and/or the length direction of the guide groove is parallel to the length direction of the battery pack;

and/or, the battery package through a plurality of locking subassemblies articulate in electric vehicle, the locking subassembly including set up in the battery package with between the electric vehicle and mutually support latch mechanism and lock axle, the latch mechanism includes the lock base, the guide block is equipped with a plurality ofly, is formed in a plurality ofly respectively on the lock base.

In this scheme, all set up the direction inclined plane in the both sides of guide block, realize the guide between guide block both sides and the guide way, further improve the guide effect. The guide grooves are formed in the two sides of the battery pack and matched with the guide blocks, and the guide effect is further improved. The length direction of guide way is on a parallel with the length direction of battery package for the length that the guide way can be designed is longer, can hold a plurality of guide blocks simultaneously, also can guarantee the effect of direction. The cooperation through latch mechanism and lock axle realizes that battery package and electric vehicle's dismantlement are connected, and the shape of make full use of lock base forms the guide block, when saving space, need not set up the guide block alone, and reduce cost, the structure is also simpler.

Preferably, when the battery pack is coupled to the electric vehicle, the main guide pin and the main guide hole of the first guide unit are coupled to the guide block prior to the guide groove of the second guide unit, and the auxiliary guide pin and the auxiliary guide hole of the first guide unit are coupled to the guide block prior to the guide groove of the second guide unit.

In this scheme, first guide unit leads the battery package earlier than second guide unit, can guarantee in advance that the position of guide way and guide block corresponds for the guide block can get into in the guide way smoothly.

Preferably, the guide groove of the second guide mechanism is in clearance fit with the guide block.

In this scheme, above-mentioned setting makes things convenient for the guide block to get into the guide way in, avoids guide way and guide block card dead, reduces position accuracy between them.

Preferably, the battery pack quick-change guiding device further comprises third guiding units respectively arranged between each battery pack and the electric vehicle;

the battery package through a plurality of locking subassemblies articulate in electric vehicle, the locking subassembly including set up in the battery package with between the electric vehicle and mutually support latch mechanism and lock axle, the latch mechanism includes the locked groove, the locked groove extends along vertical direction, and is equipped with the opening along its extending direction's one end, the opening is formed with to the expansion inclined plane that enlarges gradually outside the locked groove, the expansion inclined plane with the lock axle cooperation constitutes third guiding mechanism, the third guiding unit is by a plurality of on the locking subassembly the third guiding mechanism constitutes.

In this scheme, through the cooperation realization battery package of latch mechanism and lock axle with electric vehicle be connected dismantled, third guiding mechanism is used for guiding the lock axle to get into the locked groove in, makes things convenient for the locking of latch mechanism to the lock axle. Every locking subassembly all corresponds and sets up a third guiding mechanism, guarantees that every lock shaft can both accurately get into the locked groove of latch mechanism in by the locking, improves the locking effect.

Preferably, the expansion inclined plane is an arc-shaped plane;

and/or, when the battery pack is connected with the electric vehicle, the guide groove and the guide block of the second guide mechanism are in fit connection with the lock shaft before the expansion inclined plane of the third guide mechanism;

and/or the guiding direction of the second guiding mechanism is perpendicular to the guiding direction of the third guiding mechanism.

In this scheme, the expansion inclined plane adopts the arcwall face, further improves the guide effect to the lock axle. The second guide mechanism guides the battery pack before the third guide mechanism, and the lock mechanism can be ensured to correspond to the lock shaft in position in advance, so that the lock shaft can smoothly enter the lock groove. The direction of second guiding mechanism is perpendicular with the direction of third guiding mechanism, carries out the direction on the equidirectional to the battery package respectively, improves the direction effect.

Preferably, the battery pack quick-change guide device further includes first buffering members respectively disposed between each of the battery packs and the electric vehicle:

the battery pack comprises a battery box for accommodating a battery module, and the first buffer piece is arranged at the top of the battery box;

and/or, the battery package through a plurality of locking subassemblies articulate in electric vehicle, the locking subassembly including set up in the battery package with between the electric vehicle and mutually support latch mechanism and lock axle, the latch mechanism includes the lock base, the lock base be equipped with lock axle complex locked groove, the one end of locked groove is equipped with the opening, first bolster set up in on the lock base, and/or first bolster set up in the locked groove and be located with the other end that the opening is relative.

In this scheme, first buffer structure is used for avoiding the top of battery package and electric vehicle excessive collision, prevents the damage of battery package. First buffer structure sets up the top of battery box, and installation space is big, simple to operate. The cooperation through latch mechanism and lock axle realizes that battery package and electric vehicle's dismantlement are connected, and first buffer structure installs on the lock base, impact force when can further slow down latch mechanism and lock axle butt joint.

Preferably, a second buffer member is arranged between two adjacent battery packs.

In this scheme, the second buffer structure is used for avoiding colliding between battery package and the battery package.

The utility model provides an electric vehicle, electric vehicle includes vehicle body, quick change support and a plurality of battery package, the quick change support set up in on the vehicle body, it is a plurality of battery package through as above the guide of battery package quick change guider, respectively vertical articulate in on the quick change support.

In this scheme, the battery package passes through the quick change support to be fixed on electric vehicle, divides the chartered setting to the battery package, reduces the weight of single battery package, reduces the requirement to the electrical equipment that trades, trades the electricity in addition also more nimble. In addition, when a single battery pack is damaged, only the damaged battery pack needs to be repaired or replaced correspondingly, and the operation and use cost is low.

Preferably, the vehicle body is an electric truck, and the quick-change bracket is connected to a girder of the electric truck.

In this scheme, the quick change support is connected with electric vehicle's girder, and joint strength is high, and it can be high to connect, can support the battery package better.

Preferably, the quick-change bracket is an integral quick-change bracket, and a plurality of corresponding battery pack accommodating regions are arranged in the area of the integral quick-change bracket corresponding to each battery pack; or the quick-change support comprises a plurality of split supports which are respectively connected to the girder of the electric truck and form a plurality of battery pack accommodating areas.

In this scheme, the setting makes every battery package all have independent installation space, can not collide each other or extrude. When the battery hanging frame is integral, the battery hanging frame has strong integrity and is more firmly connected with the battery pack assembly; when the battery hanger is split, the installation and the arrangement are more flexible.

The utility model discloses an actively advance the effect and lie in: in the process of installing the battery pack, the main guide mechanism can guide the battery pack in advance, quickly and effectively determine the position relation between the battery pack and the electric vehicle, improve the positioning accuracy of the battery pack relative to the electric vehicle, facilitate the connection between the battery pack and the electric vehicle, ensure the stability of the relative position of the battery pack and the electric vehicle in the moving process, reduce the installation difficulty and improve the power conversion success rate. The main guide mechanism and the auxiliary guide mechanism are matched to limit the rotation of the battery pack in a horizontal plane, so that the positioning accuracy of the battery pack relative to the electric vehicle is further improved, the rotation of the battery pack caused by vehicle bump or inertia and the like can be prevented, the possibility of collision between the battery pack and the electric vehicle is reduced, and the damage of the battery pack is avoided.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an electric vehicle according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a quick-change bracket and a battery pack in cooperation according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a quick-change bracket according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a battery pack according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of the quick-change bracket and the battery pack according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the main guide pin and the main guide hole of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the auxiliary guide pin and the auxiliary guide hole in cooperation with each other in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the cooperation of the guide groove and the guide block in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the lock mechanism and the lock shaft of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a lock mechanism according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic perspective view of a battery pack according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the main guide pin and the main guide hole of embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of the auxiliary guide pin and the auxiliary guide hole in cooperation with each other in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of a positional relationship between a master guide pin and a slave guide pin according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

vehicle body 1

Girder 11

Quick-change bracket 2

Battery pack accommodating area 21

Battery pack 3

Battery box 31

Frame 32

Main guide mechanism 41

Main guide pin 411

Main pilot hole 412

Auxiliary guide mechanism 42

Auxiliary guide pin 421

Auxiliary guide hole 422

Guide cone 43

Second guide mechanism 5

Guide groove 51

Guide block 52

Guide ramp 521

Third guide unit 6

Expansion bevel 61

First buffer unit 71

Second buffer unit 72

Lock mechanism 81

Lock base 811

Locking slot 812

Bolt 813

Lock shaft 82

Detailed Description

The present invention will be more clearly and completely described in the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[ example 1 ]

As shown in fig. 1-4, the embodiment discloses an electric vehicle, specifically an electric truck, the electric truck includes a vehicle body 1, a quick-change bracket 2, a plurality of battery packs 3 and a battery pack quick-change guide device, the quick-change bracket 2 is disposed on the vehicle body 1, the plurality of battery packs 3 are vertically hung on the quick-change bracket 2 through the guide of the battery pack quick-change guide device (i.e., the height direction of the electric vehicle, the Z direction in fig. 1), and then are connected with the vehicle body 1 through the quick-change bracket 2.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the quick-change bracket 2 is mounted on a girder 11 at a chassis position of the vehicle body 1, and has high connection strength and high connection capacity, and can better support the battery pack 3. The quick-change bracket 2 can be fixed on the girder 11 through threaded connection and the like.

As shown in fig. 1, a plurality of battery packs 3 are arranged in the width direction of the electric vehicle (Y direction in fig. 1) and are each located below the girder 11 to avoid interference with the girder 11. In the embodiment, the battery packs 3 are arranged in a subpackaging manner, so that the weight of each battery pack 3 is reduced, the requirement on the power exchange equipment is lowered, and the power exchange is more flexible. In addition, when a single battery pack 3 is damaged, only the damaged battery pack 3 needs to be repaired or replaced correspondingly, and the operation and use cost is low.

Trade the electric in-process, trade the chassis position that electric equipment can get into electric truck, from electric truck's the vertical installation in bottom and dismantle battery package 3 to on installing quick change support 2 with battery package 3, perhaps dismantle battery package 3 from quick change support 2, realize electric truck's trade electric operation.

In other alternative embodiments, the electric vehicle may be a small electric vehicle such as a passenger car.

In other alternative embodiments, a plurality of battery packs 3 may be arranged in the same direction in the width direction of the non-electric vehicle, for example, the length direction of the electric vehicle (X direction in fig. 1), so as to facilitate mounting and dismounting of the battery packs 3.

As shown in fig. 1, the quick-change bracket 2 in this embodiment is an integral quick-change bracket, the integral quick-change bracket is provided with a plurality of corresponding battery pack accommodating areas 21 with downward openings corresponding to the area of each battery pack 3, each battery pack accommodating area 21 accommodates one battery pack 3, so that each battery pack 3 has an independent installation space and cannot collide or extrude with each other, and the integral quick-change bracket enables the battery rack to have strong integrity and to be connected with the battery pack assembly more firmly. Specifically, the number of battery packs 3 in the present embodiment is 3, and the number of battery pack accommodating sections 21 is also 3.

In other alternative embodiments, if a plurality of battery packs 3 are arranged along the length direction of the electric vehicle, the quick-change bracket 2 is provided with a plurality of battery pack accommodating regions 21 in the length direction of the electric vehicle.

In other alternative embodiments, the quick-change bracket 2 may not be an integral quick-change bracket, but may be a split quick-change bracket, where the split quick-change bracket includes a plurality of split brackets, the split brackets are respectively connected to the girder 11 of the electric truck and form a plurality of battery pack accommodating areas 21, that is, each split bracket is connected to one battery pack 3, so that each battery pack 3 has an independent installation space, and is not collided or extruded with each other, and the installation and arrangement are more flexible. In order to further facilitate the fixation of the split quick-change bracket, the split brackets can be connected with each other through the connecting piece.

As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the battery pack quick-change guide device includes first guide units respectively disposed between each battery pack 3 and the electric vehicle, that is, a first guide unit is disposed between each battery pack 3 and the corresponding battery pack receiving area 21 of the quick-change bracket 2, so as to guide the vertical hanging of each battery pack 3 relative to the quick-change bracket 2.

As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the first guide unit includes a main guide mechanism 41 and a sub guide mechanism 42 engaged with the main guide mechanism 41.

The main guiding mechanism 41 is used for vertical guiding when the battery pack 3 is hung on the electric vehicle, and in the process of installing the battery pack 3, the main guiding mechanism 41 can guide the battery pack 3 in advance, quickly and effectively determine the position relation between the battery pack 3 and the electric vehicle, improve the positioning precision of the battery pack 3 relative to the electric vehicle, facilitate the connection of the battery pack 3 and the electric vehicle, and ensure that the relative position of the battery pack 3 and the electric vehicle is stable in the moving process, reduce the installation difficulty and improve the power conversion success rate.

In addition, the main guide mechanism 41 is also used for limiting the movement of the battery pack 3 in the horizontal direction, so that on one hand, the battery pack 3 is prevented from shifting in the horizontal direction in the installation process, the positioning accuracy of the battery pack 3 relative to the electric vehicle is ensured, the power replacement success rate is improved, on the other hand, the battery pack 3 can be prevented from moving in the horizontal direction due to vehicle bump or inertia and the like, the possibility of collision between the battery pack 3 and the electric vehicle is further reduced, and the battery pack 3 is prevented from being damaged.

The auxiliary guide mechanism 42 is used for cooperating with the main guide mechanism 41 to limit the rotation of the battery pack 3 in the horizontal plane, so as to further improve the positioning accuracy of the battery pack 3 relative to the electric vehicle, prevent the battery pack 3 from rotating due to vehicle bump, inertia and the like, reduce the possibility of collision between the battery pack 3 and the electric vehicle, and avoid damage to the battery pack 3.

In addition, the auxiliary guide mechanism 42 is also used for vertical guide when the battery pack 3 is hung on the electric vehicle, vertical hanging guide of the battery pack 3 is completed together with the main guide mechanism 41, the guide effect of the first guide unit on the battery pack 3 is improved, and the positioning accuracy and the battery replacement success rate of the battery pack 3 relative to the electric vehicle are improved.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the number of the main guide mechanisms 41 and the auxiliary guide mechanisms 42 in the present embodiment is two, and the two main guide mechanisms 41 and the two auxiliary guide mechanisms 42 are respectively disposed in the four end corner regions at the top of the battery pack 3. The present embodiment provides a plurality of main guide mechanisms 41 and auxiliary guide mechanisms 42 to enhance the guiding and limiting effects of the first guide unit on the battery pack 3.

In other alternative embodiments, the number of the main guide mechanism 41 and the auxiliary guide mechanism 42 may be one or more, and the number of the main guide mechanism 41 and the auxiliary guide mechanism 42 may be the same or different. When the first guide unit includes only one main guide mechanism 41 and one auxiliary guide mechanism 42, it is preferable that one main guide mechanism 41 and one auxiliary guide mechanism 42 are respectively disposed at two diagonal regions of the top of the battery pack 3, so that the guide and limit effects on the battery pack 3 can be ensured while the number of the main guide mechanisms 41 or the auxiliary guide mechanisms 42 is small.

As shown in fig. 3 to 7, the main guide mechanism 41 includes a main guide pin 411 extending in the vertical direction and a main guide hole 412 engaged with the main guide pin 411, and the main guide pin 411 is engaged with the main guide hole 412. The auxiliary guide mechanism 42 includes an auxiliary guide pin 421 extending in the vertical direction and an auxiliary guide hole 422 fitted with the auxiliary guide pin 421, the auxiliary guide pin 421 being clearance-fitted with the auxiliary guide hole 422.

In the present embodiment, the main guide pin 411 and the main guide hole 412 are matched, and the auxiliary guide pin 421 and the auxiliary guide hole 422 are matched, so that the battery pack 3 can be guided, and the horizontal movement and the horizontal rotation of the battery pack 3 can be limited, and the present embodiment has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and high reliability. The auxiliary guide pin 421 is in clearance fit with the auxiliary guide hole 422, so that the auxiliary guide mechanism 42 can be used for guiding the battery pack 3, over-positioning can be prevented, the positioning accuracy of the first guide unit relative to the battery pack 3 is reduced, the position accuracy of the first guide unit is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the main guide hole 412 and the auxiliary guide hole 422 in this embodiment are both disposed on the battery pack 3, and the main guide pin 411 and the auxiliary guide pin 421 are both disposed on the quick-change bracket 2 of the electric truck, so that the battery pack 3 is positioned and guided relative to the quick-change bracket 2, the mounting difficulty is reduced, and the power-change success rate is improved.

In other alternative embodiments, it is also possible that the main guide hole 412 and the auxiliary guide hole 422 are both provided on the quick-change holder 2, and the main guide pin 411 and the auxiliary guide pin 421 are both provided on the battery pack 3; or the main guide hole 412 and the auxiliary guide pin 421 are both arranged on the quick-change bracket 2, and the main guide pin 411 and the auxiliary guide hole 422 are both arranged on the battery pack 3; or the main guide pin 411 and the auxiliary guide hole 422 are both arranged on the quick-change bracket 2, and the main guide hole 412 and the auxiliary guide pin 421 are both arranged on the battery pack 3; or the quick-change bracket 2 and the battery pack 3 are provided with partial main guide holes 412, auxiliary guide holes 422, main guide pins 411 and auxiliary guide pins 421. In this embodiment, the main guide hole 412 and the auxiliary guide hole 422 are both disposed on the battery pack 3, and the main guide pin 411 and the auxiliary guide pin 421 are both disposed on the quick-change bracket 2 of the electric truck, so as to avoid interference between the main guide pin 411 and/or the auxiliary guide pin 421 mounted on the battery pack 3 and other structures on the electric truck during the installation of the battery pack 3, thereby improving the reliability of battery replacement.

As shown in fig. 3 to 6, the main guide pin 411 in this embodiment is a circular pin, the main guide hole 412 is a circular hole, the outer diameter of the main guide pin 411 is substantially the same as the diameter of the main guide hole 412, and the outer diameter of the main guide pin 411 is only slightly smaller than the diameter of the main guide hole 412, so as to be inserted into the main guide hole 412 easily and restrict the movement of the battery pack 3 in the horizontal direction. The main guide pin 411 and the main guide hole 412 are of a structure of a circular pin and a circular hole, so that on one hand, the cooperation is convenient, and the quick guide of the battery pack 3 can be realized, and on the other hand, the structure of the circular pin and the circular hole is simple, the processing is convenient, and the cost is lower.

Specifically, during the installation of the battery pack 3, the main guide pin 411 can cause the battery pack 3 to move only in the extending direction (i.e., the vertical direction) of the main guide pin 411, and when there is a tendency for the battery pack 3 to move in the horizontal direction, the main guide pin 411 can abut against the hole wall of the main guide hole 412 to restrict the movement of the battery pack 3 in the horizontal direction.

As shown in fig. 3 to 5 and 7, the auxiliary guide pin 421 in this embodiment is a circular pin, the auxiliary guide hole 422 is an oblong hole, the width of the auxiliary guide hole 422 is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the auxiliary guide pin 421, and the outer diameter of the auxiliary main guide pin 411 is only slightly smaller than the width of the auxiliary guide hole 422, so as to facilitate insertion into the auxiliary guide hole 422 and restrict movement of the battery pack 3 in the width direction of the auxiliary guide hole 422. The length of the auxiliary guide hole 422 is greater than the outer diameter of the auxiliary guide pin 421, so that the fitting accuracy of the auxiliary guide pin 421 and the auxiliary guide hole 422 can be reduced, thereby reducing the positional accuracy of the first guide unit. The width direction of the long round hole is parallel to the width direction of the electric vehicle, and the length direction of the long round hole is parallel to the length direction of the electric vehicle.

Further, as shown in fig. 3, the ends of the main guide pin 411 and the auxiliary guide pin 421 facing the battery pack 3 are free ends, the free ends of the main guide pin 411 and the auxiliary guide pin 421 are provided with guide tapered surfaces 43, and the guide tapered surfaces 43 are gradually inclined downward from outside to inside to guide the main guide pin 411 and the auxiliary guide pin 421 into the corresponding main guide hole 412 and auxiliary guide hole 422, thereby improving the guiding reliability. In other alternative embodiments, the free end of the main guide pin 411 and/or the auxiliary guide pin 421 may not be provided with the guide tapered surface 43.

As shown in fig. 3-5 and 8-10, the battery pack quick-change guide device further includes second guide units respectively disposed between each battery pack 3 and the electric vehicle, that is, a second guide unit is disposed between each battery pack 3 and the corresponding battery pack accommodating area 21 of the quick-change bracket 2, so as to guide the vertical hanging of each battery pack 3 with respect to the quick-change bracket 2.

As shown in fig. 3-5 and 8-10, the second guide unit includes a second guide mechanism 5, the second guide mechanism 5 includes a guide slot 51 and a plurality of guide blocks 52 disposed opposite to the guide slot 51 and cooperating with each other, the guide slot 51 is disposed on the quick-change holder 2, and the guide blocks 52 are disposed on the battery pack 3. When the battery pack 3 is mounted on the quick-change holder 2, the guide block 52 can be accommodated in the guide groove 51, and the top of the guide block 52 abuts against the bottom of the guide groove 51. The present embodiment achieves the guidance of the battery pack 3 in the groove width direction of the guide groove 51 and in the height direction (i.e., vertical direction) of the battery pack 3 by the cooperation of the guide groove 51 and the guide block 52, and the guide groove 51 can restrict the movement of the battery pack 3 in the groove width direction of the guide groove 51 and restrict the upward movement of the battery pack 3.

Further, the guide groove 51 and the guide block 52 are in clearance fit, for example, the unilateral clearance between the guide block 52 and the inner wall surface of the guide groove 51 in the groove width direction of the guide groove 51 may be 1mm, so that the guide block 52 can conveniently enter the guide groove 51, the guide groove 51 and the guide block 52 are prevented from being locked, and the position accuracy of the guide groove 51 and the guide block 52 is reduced.

Further, the battery pack quick-change guide device further comprises first buffer members respectively arranged between each battery pack 3 and the electric vehicle, each first buffer member comprises a first buffer unit 71, and each first buffer unit 71 is arranged between the top of each guide block 52 and the bottom of each guide groove 51, so that collision between the battery pack 3 and the bottom of each guide groove 51 in the lifting process is avoided, and damage to the battery pack 3 is prevented.

In other alternative embodiments, the first buffer unit 71 may not be separately provided.

In other alternative embodiments, the number of guide blocks 52 may also be one.

As shown in fig. 4, the number of the second guide mechanisms 5 in the second guide unit in the present embodiment is two, thereby further improving the guide effect. The guide grooves 51 of the two second guide mechanisms 5 are arranged in parallel at intervals, the two guide grooves 51 are respectively positioned on two opposite sides of the length direction of the battery pack 3 (namely, the length direction of the electric vehicle), and the length direction of the guide grooves 51 is parallel to the length direction of the battery pack 3, so that the length of the guide grooves 51 can be designed to be longer, a plurality of guide blocks 52 can be accommodated at the same time, and the guide effect can be ensured. The groove width direction of the guide groove 51 is the width direction of the electric vehicle, that is, the guide groove 51 can limit the movement of the battery pack 3 along the width direction of the electric vehicle, and the guide groove 51 and the guide block 52 are matched and guided between surfaces, so that the limiting effect is more reliable.

In other alternative embodiments, the number of the second guiding mechanisms 5 in one second guiding unit can be one or more, and is designed according to actual requirements.

In other alternative embodiments, the guide grooves 51 may be disposed on both sides or one side of the width direction of the battery pack 3 (i.e., the width direction of the electric vehicle), in which case the longitudinal direction of the guide grooves 51 corresponds to the width direction of the electric vehicle, and the groove width direction of the guide grooves 51 corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the electric vehicle. Alternatively, the guide grooves 51 may be provided in both the longitudinal direction and the width direction of the battery pack 3.

As shown in fig. 8-10, one end of the guide block 52 facing the guide slot 51 is provided with a guide inclined surface 521, specifically, two sides of the guide block 52 corresponding to the slot wall of the guide slot 51 are provided with one guide inclined surface 521, and the guide inclined surfaces 521 are inclined towards the inner side of the guide slot 51, so that the guide between the two sides of the guide block 52 and the guide slot 51 is realized, and the guide effect is further improved. In this embodiment, the positioning accuracy of the battery pack 3 relative to the electric vehicle is further improved by the cooperation of the guide groove 51 and the guide block 52, and the power replacement success rate is improved. A guide slope 521 is provided at an end of the guide block 52 facing the guide groove 51 to facilitate the engagement of the two.

In other alternative embodiments, the guide slope 521 may be provided only on one side of the guide block 52.

As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 9, the battery pack 3 is hung on the quick-change bracket 2 through a plurality of locking assemblies, each locking assembly comprises a locking mechanism 81 and a locking shaft 82 which are arranged between the battery pack 3 and the electric vehicle and are matched with each other, and the detachable connection between the battery pack 3 and the electric vehicle is realized through the matching of the locking mechanism 81 and the locking shafts 82. The lock mechanism 81 is mounted on the battery pack 3, and the lock shaft 82 is mounted on the quick-change holder 2. Latch mechanism 81 includes lock base 811, has keyway 812 and spring bolt 813 on the lock base 811, and keyway 812 extends along vertical direction, and is equipped with the opening along its extending direction's lower extreme to supply lock axle 82 to get into keyway 812 in, lock the lock axle 82 that is located keyway 812 inside through spring bolt 813 afterwards, realize being connected of latch mechanism 81 and lock axle 82, the removal of battery package 3 on electric vehicle's direction of height through the cooperation restriction of lock axle 82 and spring bolt 813.

Further, the lock shaft 82 and the lock groove 812 also have a gap in the width direction of the electric vehicle, which is smaller than the gap between the guide groove 51 and the guide block 52, for example, the one-sided gap of the lock shaft 82 and the lock groove 812 in the width direction of the electric vehicle may be 0.2mm.

As shown in fig. 10, the upper portion of each lock base 811 naturally forms the guide blocks 52, the number of the guide blocks 52 is the same as the number of the lock bases 811, and the first buffer unit 71 is disposed on the top of the lock bases 811. The guide block 52 is formed by fully utilizing the shape of the lock base 811, so that the guide block 52 is not needed to be arranged separately while the space is saved, the cost is reduced, and the structure is simpler.

In other alternative embodiments, the lock mechanism 81 may be mounted on the quick-change bracket 2, the lock groove 812 extends in the vertical direction, and is provided with an opening at the lower end in the extending direction, and the lock shaft 82 is mounted on the battery pack 3; correspondingly, the guide groove 51 can be provided on the battery pack 3 and the guide block 52 on the quick-change holder 2.

As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the battery pack quick-change guide device further includes third guide units 6 respectively disposed between each battery pack 3 and the electric vehicle, that is, the third guide units 6 are disposed between each battery pack 3 and the corresponding battery pack accommodating area 21 of the quick-change bracket 2, so as to guide the vertical hanging of each battery pack 3 relative to the quick-change bracket 2.

As shown in fig. 9 and 10, an expansion inclined surface 61 gradually expanding outward of the lock groove 812 is formed at an opening of the lock groove 812, the expansion inclined surface 61 is located at both sides of the lock groove 812 in the length direction of the electric vehicle, the outer surface of the lock shaft 82 is a smooth curved surface, and the expansion inclined surface 61 and the lock shaft 82 cooperate to form a third guide mechanism, so that the battery pack 3 is guided in the vertical direction. The guide direction of the second guide mechanism 5 is perpendicular to the guide direction of the third guide mechanism, and the battery pack 3 is guided in different directions respectively, so that the guide effect is improved.

The third guide unit 6 is composed of a plurality of third guide mechanisms on the locking assembly. The third guide mechanism is used to guide the lock shaft 82 into the lock groove 812, facilitating the locking of the lock mechanism 81 to the lock shaft 82. Every locking subassembly all corresponds and sets up a third guiding mechanism, guarantees that every lock axle 82 can both accurately get into in the locked groove 812 of latch mechanism 81 by the locking, improves the locking effect.

As shown in fig. 10, the expanding slope 61 in this embodiment is an arc-shaped surface, which further improves the guiding effect of the lock shaft 82. In other alternative embodiments, the expansion ramp 61 may also be flat.

When the battery pack 3 is connected with the electric vehicle, the first guiding unit guides the battery pack 3 for the first time, and the main guiding pin 411 is matched with the main guiding hole 412, and the auxiliary guiding pin 421 is matched with the auxiliary guiding hole 422 to guide and limit the battery pack 3 in the horizontal direction. Then, the battery pack 3 is guided for the second time by the second guide unit, and the position of the battery pack 3 in the width direction and the height direction of the electric vehicle is further defined by the cooperation of the guide groove 51 and the guide block 52. Then, the battery pack 3 is guided for the third time by the third guide unit 6, and the position of the battery pack 3 in the longitudinal direction of the electric vehicle is further restricted by the engagement of the extension slope 61 and the lock shaft 82. Finally, the lock shaft 82 is locked by the lock tongue 813, and the movement of the battery pack 3 in the height direction of the electric vehicle is restricted.

In the present embodiment, the first guide unit guides the battery pack 3 before the second guide unit, and it is possible to ensure the position correspondence between the guide groove 51 and the guide block 52 in advance, so that the guide block 52 can smoothly enter the guide groove 51. The second guide mechanism 5 guides the battery pack 3 earlier than the third guide mechanism, and can ensure that the lock mechanism 81 corresponds to the lock shaft 82 in advance, so that the lock shaft 82 can smoothly enter the lock groove 812.

As shown in fig. 4, the battery pack 3 in the present embodiment includes a battery box 31 and a frame 32, the battery box 31 is used for accommodating battery modules, the frame 32 is disposed outside the battery box 31 and located on both sides of the battery box 31 in the length direction of the electric vehicle, and a main guide hole 412, an auxiliary guide hole 422, and a lock mechanism 81 are disposed on the frame 32 to avoid damage to the battery modules inside the battery box 31.

Further, as shown in fig. 10, the first buffer member further includes a second buffer unit 72, and the second buffer unit 72 is disposed in the lock slot 812 and located at the other end opposite to the opening, so as to further reduce the impact force when the lock mechanism 81 is abutted against the lock shaft 82.

In other alternative embodiments, the second buffer unit 72 may not be separately provided.

In other alternative embodiments, the first buffer member may further include a third buffer unit disposed at the top of the battery box 31, and the third buffer unit is used to avoid collision between the top and the quick-change bracket 2 when the battery pack 3 is lifted, so as to prevent the battery pack 3 from being damaged.

Further, a second buffer member may be disposed between two adjacent battery packs 3 to avoid collision between the battery packs 3 and the battery packs 3.

In other alternative embodiments, the first guiding unit, the second guiding unit and the third guiding unit may be implemented individually or in any combination.

[ example 2 ] A method for producing a polycarbonate

The structures of the quick-change guide device for battery packs and the electric vehicle in this embodiment are substantially the same as those in embodiment 1, and the differences are as follows:

as shown in fig. 11, the main guide pins 411 and the auxiliary guide pins 421 in the present embodiment are respectively provided at two diagonal regions of the top of the battery pack 3, so that the guide and limit effects on the battery pack 3 can be ensured while the number of the main guide mechanisms 41 or the auxiliary guide mechanisms 42 is small.

As shown in fig. 11, the main guide pin 411 and the auxiliary guide pin 421 are both disposed on the battery pack 3, and the quick-change bracket 2 is correspondingly provided with hollow cylinders to form a main guide hole 412 and an auxiliary guide hole 422 which are matched with the main guide pin 411 and the auxiliary guide pin 421, so that the battery pack 3 is positioned and guided relative to the quick-change bracket 2, the mounting difficulty is reduced, and the battery replacement success rate is improved.

As shown in fig. 12, the main guide pin 411 in this embodiment is a circular pin, the main guide hole 412 is a circular hole, the outer diameter of the main guide pin 411 is substantially the same as the diameter of the main guide hole 412, and the outer diameter of the main guide pin 411 is only slightly smaller than the diameter of the main guide hole 412, so as to facilitate insertion into the main guide hole 412 and restrict movement of the battery pack 3 in the horizontal direction. The main guide pin 411 and the main guide hole 412 are of a structure of a circular pin and a circular hole, so that on one hand, the cooperation is convenient, and the quick guide of the battery pack 3 can be realized, and on the other hand, the structure of the circular pin and the circular hole is simple, the processing is convenient, and the cost is lower.

Specifically, during installation of the battery pack 3, the main guide pin 411 can cause the battery pack 3 to move only in the extending direction (i.e., the vertical direction) of the main guide pin 411, and when there is a tendency for the battery pack 3 to move in the horizontal direction, the main guide pin 411 can abut against the hole wall of the main guide hole 412 to restrict movement of the battery pack 3 in the horizontal direction.

As shown in fig. 13, the auxiliary guide pin 421 in this embodiment is a chamfered pin, specifically a diamond pin, the auxiliary guide hole 422 is a circular hole, the diameter of the chamfered pin is substantially the same as that of the auxiliary guide hole 422, and the diameter of the chamfered pin is slightly smaller than that of the auxiliary guide hole 422, so as to facilitate insertion into the auxiliary guide hole 422. The cooperation of edging round pin and round hole for the rotatory degree of freedom of restriction battery package 3 on the horizontal plane, and can reserve certain degree of freedom for assisting the uide pin 421 with assist the cooperation of uide hole 422 simultaneously, avoided appearing the condition of crossing the location.

In other alternative embodiments, pins of other shapes that achieve the above-described function may be selected as the chamfered pins.

Further, as shown in fig. 14, a normal m of a positioning arc line of the chamfered pin is directed to the center of the main guide pin 411, thereby further improving the guiding and limiting effects. Here, fig. 14 is only for clearly showing the positional relationship between the normal m of the positioning arc line of the chamfered pin and the center of the main guide pin 411, and does not represent that the actual distance between the main guide pin 411 and the sub guide pin 421 is as shown in fig. 14.

The utility model provides a locking mechanism 81 of locking subassembly is not limited to the latch mechanism that mentions in above-mentioned each embodiment, can also be other can realize wantonly that the battery package articulates formula to electric vehicle's latch mechanism along vertical (straight-up directly down), for example bolt formula locking mechanism, expansion bead formula locking mechanism, T type locking mechanism, hook type locking mechanism and so on.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships that are based on normal use of the device or assembly, and are used only for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or assembly referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and the principles of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The quick-change guiding device for the battery pack is characterized in that the quick-change guiding device for the battery pack is used for guiding a plurality of battery packs which are arranged in parallel along the length direction or the width direction of an electric vehicle to be respectively and vertically hung with the electric vehicle;

2. The quick-change guide device for battery packs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main guide mechanism is further used for limiting the movement of the battery pack in the horizontal direction, and the auxiliary guide mechanism is further used for vertical guide when the battery pack is hung on the electric vehicle.

3. The quick-change guide device for battery packs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main guide mechanism comprises a main guide pin extending in the vertical direction and a main guide hole engaged with the main guide pin, and the auxiliary guide mechanism comprises an auxiliary guide pin extending in the vertical direction and an auxiliary guide hole engaged with the auxiliary guide pin; the main guide pin is matched with the main guide hole, and the auxiliary guide pin is in clearance fit with the auxiliary guide hole.

4. The quick-change guide device for battery packs as claimed in claim 3, wherein the main guide pin is a round pin and the main guide hole is a round hole;

5. The quick-change guide device for battery packs as claimed in claim 3, wherein one of the main guide pin and the main guide hole is provided to the battery pack, and the other is provided to the electric vehicle; one of the auxiliary guide pin and the auxiliary guide hole is provided to the battery pack, and the other is provided to the electric vehicle;

and/or the main guide mechanism and the auxiliary guide mechanism are respectively provided with two, and the two main guide mechanisms and the two auxiliary guide mechanisms are arranged corresponding to four end corner areas at the top of the battery pack;

6. The quick-change guide device for battery packs as claimed in claim 3, further comprising second guide units respectively disposed between each battery pack and the electric vehicle, wherein the second guide units comprise at least one second guide mechanism, the second guide mechanism comprises a guide groove and at least one guide block disposed opposite to and cooperating with the guide groove, and one end of the guide block facing the guide groove is provided with a guide slope.

7. The quick-change guide device for battery pack according to claim 6, wherein the guide slopes are located on the guide block at two sides corresponding to the groove walls of the guide groove, and the guide slopes are inclined toward the inner side of the guide groove;

8. The quick-change guide device for battery pack according to claim 6, wherein when the battery pack is coupled to the electric vehicle, the primary guide pin and the primary guide hole of the first guide unit are coupled to the guide block prior to the guide groove of the second guide unit, and the secondary guide pin and the secondary guide hole of the first guide unit are coupled to the guide block prior to the guide groove of the second guide unit.

9. The quick-change guide device for battery packs as claimed in claim 6, wherein the guide groove of the second guide mechanism is in clearance fit with the guide block.

10. The quick-change guide device for battery packs as claimed in claim 6, further comprising third guide units respectively disposed between each of the battery packs and the electric vehicle;

the battery package through a plurality of locking subassemblies articulate in electric vehicle, the locking subassembly including set up in the battery package with between the electric vehicle and mutually support latch mechanism and lock axle, the latch mechanism includes the locked groove, the locked groove extends along vertical direction, and is equipped with the opening along its extending direction's one end, the opening is formed with to the expansion inclined plane that enlarges outside the locked groove gradually, the expansion inclined plane with the lock axle cooperation constitutes third guiding mechanism, third guiding unit is by a plurality of on the locking subassembly third guiding mechanism constitutes.

11. The quick-change guide for battery packs of claim 10 wherein the expansion ramp is arcuate;

12. The battery pack quick-change guide device according to claim 1, further comprising first bumpers respectively disposed between each of the battery packs and the electric vehicle:

13. The quick-change guide device for battery packs as claimed in claim 1 or 12, wherein a second buffer member is provided between two adjacent battery packs.

14. An electric vehicle, characterized in that the electric vehicle comprises a vehicle body, a quick-change bracket and a plurality of battery packs, the quick-change bracket is arranged on the vehicle body, and the plurality of battery packs are respectively vertically hung on the quick-change bracket through the guidance of the battery pack quick-change guide device according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. The electric vehicle of claim 14, characterized in that the vehicle body is an electric truck, and the quick-change bracket is attached to a girder of the electric truck.

16. The electric vehicle of claim 15, characterized in that the quick-change bracket is a unitary quick-change bracket having a plurality of corresponding battery pack receiving areas corresponding to areas of the battery packs; or the quick-change support comprises a plurality of split supports which are respectively connected to the girder of the electric truck and form a plurality of battery pack accommodating areas.