CN218471476U - Distribution determination experimental device of alternating magnetic field - Google Patents

Distribution determination experimental device of alternating magnetic field Download PDF

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CN218471476U
CN218471476U CN202222457575.9U CN202222457575U CN218471476U CN 218471476 U CN218471476 U CN 218471476U CN 202222457575 U CN202222457575 U CN 202222457575U CN 218471476 U CN218471476 U CN 218471476U
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axis
magnetic field
small hole
metal small
slide rail
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庄杰毅
卫泽敏
朱如平
王志红
谢晨端
徐焘
蔡建秋
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Wenzhou University
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a distribution survey experimental apparatus of alternating magnetic field, include: a base; an X-axis sliding rail is fixed on the upper surface of the base; the X-axis slide rail is arranged along the length direction of the base; the exciting coil is connected to the X-axis sliding rail in a sliding manner through a first connecting assembly; the excitation coil is connected with an alternating current signal generator; the Z-axis telescopic column is connected to the X-axis slide rail in a sliding manner through a second connecting assembly; a Y-axis sliding rail is fixed at the upper end of the Z-axis telescopic column; the Y-axis slide rail is arranged along the width direction of the base; the adjusting platform is connected in a sliding groove of the Y-axis sliding rail in a sliding manner; the adjusting platform is provided with an angle rotating disc for rotating on the adjusting platform; and the detection coil is fixed on the mounting seat of the angle rotating disk. The experimental device can realize the position adjustment and measurement of the detection coil along the X-axis slide rail direction, the Y-axis slide rail direction and the Z-axis telescopic column direction, the adjustment and measurement of the included angle between the axis of the detection coil and the magnetic induction intensity direction and the integration of the detection coil and an induced electromotive force measuring device.

Description

Distribution determination experimental device of alternating magnetic field
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a magnetic field measuring device technical field, in particular to distribution survey experimental apparatus of alternating magnetic field.
Background
The technology for measuring the alternating magnetic field by the electromagnetic induction method is based on the Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, generates a magnetic field by an exciting coil, and measures the alternating magnetic field by a detecting coil. The magnetic field is used more and more widely in different fields, such as medical instrument detection in the medical field, high-speed rail detection in the construction field, prospecting detection in the surveying field, and the like. And the knowledge content in the aspect of magnetic field survey is also involved in the experimental teaching, and the optimization and the upgrading of the experimental instrument have practical significance.
Methods such as magnetic resonance, hall effect, electromagnetic induction, magnetic saturation, etc. can be used to measure the alternating magnetic field. Compared with other methods, the electromagnetic induction method is the most basic, simplest and most practical measuring method. The measurement technology benefits from the characteristics of flexibility and convenience, is widely concerned in various fields, and the applicable field of the measurement technology is continuously expanded. In view of the development and application of the magnetic field measurement technology, the design and development of experimental teaching related equipment for magnetic field measurement are particularly urgent.
At present, a common experimental device can only measure magnetic fields in two fixed directions of an X axis in the central axis direction of an excitation coil and a Y axis in the radius direction, and the rotation angle of a detection coil cannot be adjusted. The magnetic field is distributed in the whole space, and the defects are difficult to comprehensively and stereoscopically master the distribution characteristics of the whole magnetic field.
Simultaneously, common measurement magnetic field's experimental apparatus fails to unite two into one detection coil and number of degrees table, and then leads to the record data convenient high efficiency inadequately, is unfavorable for the student to the understanding of experiment principle. Or, most of the devices have the problems of too high integration level, insufficient integration with the existing instruments and devices, lack of demonstration function and the like, so that the understanding and the displaying of the principle are not facilitated, and the teaching effect of the experiment cannot achieve the expected effect.
Therefore, on the basis of the existing experimental apparatus for measuring a magnetic field, how to set up the relevant experimental apparatus so as to measure the distribution characteristics of the magnetic field in all directions and angles in the magnetic field becomes a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above, the present invention provides an experimental apparatus for measuring the distribution of an alternating magnetic field, which can overcome or at least partially solve the problem that the magnetic field distribution characteristics cannot be measured in all directions of the magnetic field.
The utility model provides a distribution survey experimental apparatus of alternating magnetic field, include: a base; an X-axis sliding rail is fixed on the upper surface of the base; the X-axis slide rail is arranged along the length direction of the base;
the exciting coil is connected to the X-axis slide rail in a sliding manner through a first connecting assembly; the excitation coil is connected with an alternating current signal generator;
the Z-axis telescopic column is connected to the X-axis slide rail in a sliding mode through a second connecting assembly; a Y-axis sliding rail is fixed at the upper end of the Z-axis telescopic column; the Y-axis slide rail is arranged along the width direction of the base;
the adjusting platform is connected in the sliding groove of the Y-axis sliding rail in a sliding manner;
the adjusting platform is provided with an angle rotating disc and is used for rotating on the adjusting platform;
and the detection coil is fixed on the mounting seat of the angle rotating disk.
Further, the first connection assembly includes: the first clamping groove is nested on the X-axis sliding rail in a sliding mode;
a first metal small hole and a second metal small hole are formed in the side face of the first clamping groove; the upper end of the first clamping groove is provided with a third metal small hole and a fourth metal small hole;
the first metal small hole and the third metal small hole are connected through a first lead;
the second metal small hole and the fourth metal small hole are connected through a second lead;
the alternating current signal generator is connected with the first metal small hole and the second metal small hole;
and two ends of the exciting coil are respectively inserted into the third metal small hole and the fourth metal small hole.
Further, the second connection assembly includes: the second clamping groove is slidably nested on the X-axis sliding rail;
the Z-axis telescopic column is fixed on the upper surface of the second clamping groove.
Further, the Z-axis telescopic column comprises: an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve; the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve are in clearance fit.
Furthermore, the center position of the lower surface of the Y-axis slide rail is fixed at the upper end of the Z-axis telescopic column through a screw.
Furthermore, the lower surface of the adjusting platform is provided with a ball; the ball inlay in the spout of Y axle slide rail.
Further, a millivoltmeter is installed at the upper end of the detection coil.
Furthermore, the upper surface of the adjusting platform is attached with angle scales.
The embodiment of the utility model provides an above-mentioned technical scheme's beneficial effect includes at least:
the utility model provides a pair of alternating magnetic field's distribution survey experimental apparatus, include: a base; an X-axis sliding rail is fixed on the upper surface of the base; the X-axis slide rail is arranged along the length direction of the base; the exciting coil is connected to the X-axis slide rail in a sliding manner through a first connecting assembly; the excitation coil is connected with an alternating current signal generator; the Z-axis telescopic column is connected to the X-axis slide rail in a sliding manner through a second connecting assembly; a Y-axis slide rail is fixed at the upper end of the Z-axis telescopic column; the Y-axis slide rail is arranged along the width direction of the base; the adjusting platform is connected in a sliding groove of the Y-axis sliding rail in a sliding manner; the adjusting platform is provided with an angle rotating disc and is used for rotating on the adjusting platform; and the detection coil is fixed on the mounting seat of the angle rotating disk. The experimental device can realize that the position of the detection coil along the X-axis slide rail direction, the Y-axis slide rail direction and the Z-axis telescopic column direction can be adjusted and measured, and the included angle between the axis of the detection coil and the magnetic induction intensity direction can be adjusted and measured.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an experimental apparatus for measuring distribution of an alternating magnetic field according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a first card slot according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjusting platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: the device comprises a base, a 2-X-axis sliding rail, a 3-excitation coil, a 4-alternating current signal generator, a 5-Z-axis telescopic column, a 6-Y-axis sliding rail, a 7-adjusting platform, an 8-angle rotating disk, a 9-detection coil, a 10-first clamping groove, a 11-first metal small hole, a 12-second metal small hole, a 13-third metal small hole, a 14-fourth metal small hole, a 15-first lead, a 16-second lead, a 17-second clamping groove and an 18-millivolt meter.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a distribution survey experimental apparatus of alternating magnetic field, it is shown with reference to figure 1, include: a base 1 (for carrying the rest of the components); an X-axis sliding rail 2 is fixed on the upper surface of the base 1; the X-axis slide rail 2 is arranged along the length direction of the base 1;
the exciting coil 3 is connected to the X-axis slide rail 2 in a sliding manner through a first connecting assembly; the excitation coil 3 is connected with an alternating current signal generator 4;
the Z-axis telescopic column 5 is connected to the X-axis slide rail 2 in a sliding manner through a second connecting assembly; a Y-axis slide rail 6 is fixed at the upper end of the Z-axis telescopic column 5; the Y-axis slide rail 6 is arranged along the width direction of the base 1;
the adjusting platform 7 is connected in a sliding groove of the Y-axis sliding rail 6 in a sliding manner;
the adjustment platform 7 carries an angular rotary disc 8 for rotation on the adjustment platform 7;
the detection coil 9 is fixed on a mounting seat of the angular rotating disk 8.
The distribution of the alternating magnetic field that this embodiment provided surveys experimental apparatus, inside detection coil 9 can realize along the adjustable measurable of the position of X axle direction (X axle slide rail direction), Y axle direction (Y axle slide rail direction), Z axle direction (Z axle telescopic column direction) to and the adjustable measurable of contained angle theta of the axis of detection coil 9 and the direction of magnetic induction intensity, can realize along the magnetic induction intensity detection of the different positions in detection coil 9 axis plane, and survey the relation of induced electromotive force and contained angle theta that produces in the detection coil 9. The experimental content of the distribution measurement of the alternating magnetic field can be realized, the principle and the general method of measuring the alternating magnetic field by an electromagnetic induction method can be systematically researched by using the experimental device, and meanwhile, the magnetic field distribution condition of a current-carrying coil (namely, the excitation coil 3) is measured by using the detection coil 9.
First, the principle of the entire experimental apparatus is explained:
magnetic induction is a key measurement in magnetic research. The magnetic field is generated by energizing a coil with exciting current, and the link is also a test on the electromagnetic theory. If alternating current is introduced into the coil, the correspondingly generated magnetic field is an alternating magnetic field. A detection coil is put into an alternating magnetic field, induced electromotive force epsilon is generated in the coil due to electromagnetic induction, the magnitude epsilon of the induced electromotive force is in direct proportion to the magnetic induction intensity B of the alternating magnetic field, and the distribution condition of the alternating magnetic field can be analyzed by measuring the induced electromotive force of the alternating magnetic field.
(1) Electromagnetic induction method
Setting a uniform alternating magnetic field generated by a coil through which an alternating current is passed as
B=B·sinωt
The magnetic flux of the search coil in the magnetic field is
Ψ m =NB·S-NSB cosθ=NSBmsinωt cosθ
In the formula, N is the number of turns of the detection coil, S is the cross-sectional area of the coil, omega is the angular frequency of the magnetic field, theta is the included angle between the alternating magnetic field B and the normal N of the coil, and t is time.
According to Faraday's law, when a closed coil is placed in an alternating magnetic field, an induced electromotive force is generated, and the induced electromotive force is
Figure BDA0003850092350000051
In the formula, epsilon m =NSωB m cos θ is the amplitude of the induced electromotive force when the coil normal makes an angle θ with the alternating magnetic field. When θ =0, ε mmax =NSωB m The magnitude of the induced electromotive force is the largest. If the electromotive force of the coil at that time is measured by a digital millivoltmeter, the indication (effective value) U of the millivoltmeter m,max Should be that
Figure BDA0003850092350000061
Namely, it is
Figure BDA0003850092350000062
From the above equation, B can be calculated m (magnet)Magnitude of induction intensity).
(2) Design of detection coil
In the experiment, because the magnetic field is not uniform, the detection coil cannot be small, otherwise, the measurement sensitivity is influenced, and therefore, the length L and the outer diameter (outer diameter) D of the coil are designed generally
Figure BDA0003850092350000063
The relationship (2) of (c). The inner diameter D and the outer diameter D of the coil are
Figure BDA0003850092350000064
The relationship (2) of (c). Optionally, the present embodiment selects a coil with D =0.012m, n =800 turns. The equivalent area of the coil in the magnetic field can be expressed by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003850092350000065
the average magnetic induction measured by such a coil can be approximately regarded as the magnetic induction at the center point of the coil.
In this embodiment, the excitation current is supplied by a dedicated ac signal generator, the frequency f of the ac current output by the apparatus is continuously adjustable between 20 and 200Hz, and if f =50Hz is selected, the angular frequency of the magnetic field is
ω =2 π f =100 π (in units of s) -1 )
Substituting D, N, omega into the formula to obtain
B m =0.103U max ×10 -3 (unit is T)
Next, the present experimental apparatus for measuring the distribution of an alternating magnetic field will be described in detail:
the first connection assembly includes: the first clamping groove 10 is slidably nested on the X-axis slide rail 2, and as shown in fig. 2, a first metal small hole 11 and a second metal small hole 12 are formed in the side surface of the first clamping groove, and a third metal small hole 13 and a fourth metal small hole 14 are formed in the upper end of the first clamping groove. The first metal eyelet 11 and the third metal eyelet 13 are connected by a first lead 15 (a dark lead), and the second metal eyelet 12 and the fourth metal eyelet 14 are connected by a second lead 16 (a dark lead). The alternating current signal generator 4 is connected with the first metal small hole 11 and the second metal small hole 12; both ends of the exciting coil 3 are respectively inserted into the third metal eyelet 13 and the fourth metal eyelet 14. Two metal apertures at the upper end of the first slot 10 play a role of an intermediate bridge connecting the excitation coil 3 and the alternating current signal generator 4. Meanwhile, the first clamping groove 10 can also fix the exciting coil 3 and is embedded on the X-axis sliding rail 2 to move.
The second connection assembly includes: the second clamping groove 17 is slidably nested on the X-axis sliding rail 2; the Z-axis telescopic column 5 is fixed on the upper surface of the second clamping groove 17. Further, the Z-axis telescopic column 5 is movable on the X-axis slide rail 2. The X-axis slide rail 2 is provided with length scales which play a role in fixing the first clamping groove 10, the second clamping groove 17 and the Z-axis telescopic column 5, and meanwhile, the length scales can move on the X-axis slide rail 2.
Specifically, the Z-axis telescopic column 5 includes: an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve; the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve are in clearance fit. By stretching the inner sleeve, the length of the telescopic column is variable, and scales are attached to the outer surfaces of the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve, so that the height can be freely adjusted within a certain range, and the numerical value of the height at the moment is definitely obtained.
Further, the center position of the lower surface of the Y-axis slide rail 6 is fixed to the upper end of the Z-axis telescopic column 5 by a screw. The Z-axis telescopic column 5 and the Y-axis slide rail 6 are integrally formed. The Y-axis slide rail 6 is attached with length scales. The lower surface of the adjusting platform 7 is provided with a ball; the ball inlays in the spout of Y axle slide rail 6, provides gliding track for adjusting platform 7.
The millivoltmeter 18 is installed at the upper end of the detection coil 9. The lower end of the millivoltmeter 18 and the upper end of the detection coil 9 are integrated by using a viscous substance (such as hot melt adhesive) and connected together by a lead, and the induced electromotive force can be rapidly read by adopting a digital millivoltmeter.
And the alternating current signal generator 4 is used for providing exciting current, is connected with the first clamping groove 10 and supplies the exciting current to the exciting coil 3. The ac signal generator 4 can be placed at any free position of the base 1, which is not limited in this embodiment.
Optionally, in the experimental process, can add a plurality of excitation coils 3 according to the actual demand (a plurality of excitation coils all can adopt above-mentioned first connecting element and X axle slide rail 2 sliding connection). The exciting coil 3 can be formed by winding a 0.75 mm enameled copper wire from the center to the outside to form a spiral coil, and the total number of the coil is 400. The exciting coils 3 are inserted into two jacks (a third metal small hole 13 and a fourth metal small hole 14) of the first clamping groove 10, so that the effects of electrifying, fixing and keeping the central axes of the exciting coils 3 collinear are realized, and an alternating magnetic field can be generated at the same time.
The detection coil 9 is wound by enameled wires, the diameter of the detection coil is 12mm, and the number of turns of the detection coil is 800 turns. The millivoltmeter 18 is installed at the upper end of the detection coil 9 (the detection coil 9 and the millivoltmeter 18 are integrated) and is used for displaying voltage. The detection coil 9 is fixed on the angle rotating disk 8, and the angle rotating disk 8 can drive the detection coil 9 to rotate. Furthermore, the position of the detection coil 9 along the X-axis slide rail direction, the Y-axis slide rail direction and the Z-axis telescopic column direction can be adjusted and measured, and the included angle theta between the axis of the detection coil 9 and the direction of the magnetic induction intensity can be adjusted and measured. The experimental device can realize the detection of the magnetic induction intensity at different positions along the axis plane and the detection of the relation between the induced electromotive force and the included angle theta.
With reference to fig. 3, the adjustment platform 7 carries an angular rotation disc 8; the angular rotating disc 8 carries thereon a detection coil 9 and a millivolt meter 18. The upper surface of the adjusting platform 7 is provided with angle scales, the angle rotating disk 8 can freely rotate on the adjusting platform 7, and once the angle rotating disk 8 rotates, the rotating angle of the angle rotating disk can be read. The lower surface of the adjusting platform 7 is fixedly connected with a ball, and the ball is embedded in the Y-axis slide rail 6 and can move along the Y-axis slide rail 6.
In specific practical applications, for example: in the teaching process; the X-axis slide rail 2 can be used for fixing the exciting coil 3 and determining the position of the exciting coil along the X-axis direction; the exciting coils 3 are fixed on the base 1, the number of the exciting coils is selectable, and the central axes of the exciting coils 3 are collinear. The AC signal generator 4 provides exciting current, and the frequency f of the alternating current output by the instrument can be continuously adjusted between 20Hz and 20MHz, and the frequency of the part of the embodiment is set in the range of 20Hz to 200 Hz. The detection coil 9 is 12mm in diameter, 800 turns in number, wound by enameled wires and fixed on the mounting seat of the angle rotating disc 8. The position adjustment of the excitation coil 3 and the detection coil 9 in the X-axis direction (the length direction of the base) is realized by sliding the first clamping groove 10 and the second clamping groove 17; the position of the detection coil 9 in the Z-axis direction (height direction) is adjusted by stretching the Z-axis telescopic column 5; the position of the detection coil 9 in the Y-axis direction (the width direction of the base) is adjusted by sliding the adjusting platform 7; the included angle between the axis of the detection coil 9 and the magnetic induction direction is adjusted by rotating the angle rotating disk 8.
In the experimental apparatus for measuring distribution of alternating magnetic field provided by this embodiment, the position of the detection coil 9 along the X-axis direction (X-axis sliding rail direction), the Y-axis direction (Y-axis sliding rail direction), and the Z-axis direction (Z-axis telescopic column direction) and the included angle θ between the axis of the detection coil 9 and the direction of magnetic induction intensity can be adjusted and measured, so that the magnetic induction intensity detection along different positions of the axis plane of the detection coil 9 can be realized, and the relationship between the induced electromotive force and the included angle θ can be detected.
The method is based on understanding of an electromagnetic induction law, integrates experimental equipment related to measurement of alternating magnetic field distribution, and realizes setting of an alternating magnetic field distribution measurement experimental device; the experimental device is used for teaching, and students can know and understand the magnetic field distribution condition of the combination of the current-carrying circular coils; meanwhile, the experimental equipment supports the separated use and can be matched with the combined application of other related experiments, and the experimental items of the device provided by the embodiment specifically include: the magnetic field measurement (with different currents) of the Helmholtz coil, the single-coil magnetic field measurement, the measurement of the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field, the measurement of the magnetic field around the solenoid and the like are related to realize the requirements, so that the utilization rate of experimental equipment is improved.
The experimental device has the advantages of simple structure, lower cost, stable performance and accurate measurement result, and has certain practical value in the application field of alternating magnetic fields. The external structure and connection relation of the detection component, the X-axis slide rail, the Y-axis slide rail, the Z-axis telescopic column, the angle rotating disk and other components are expanded, so that the original magnetic field measuring equipment in a laboratory is improved and innovated once, and students can conveniently and efficiently carry out magnetic field measurement experiments.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (8)

1. An experimental apparatus for measuring distribution of an alternating magnetic field, comprising: a base (1); an X-axis sliding rail (2) is fixed on the upper surface of the base (1); the X-axis sliding rail (2) is arranged along the length direction of the base (1);
the exciting coil (3) is connected to the X-axis sliding rail (2) in a sliding manner through a first connecting assembly; the excitation coil (3) is connected with an alternating current signal generator (4);
the Z-axis telescopic column (5) is connected to the X-axis sliding rail (2) in a sliding mode through a second connecting assembly; a Y-axis sliding rail (6) is fixed at the upper end of the Z-axis telescopic column (5); the Y-axis slide rail (6) is arranged along the width direction of the base (1);
the adjusting platform (7) is connected in a sliding groove of the Y-axis sliding rail (6) in a sliding manner;
the adjusting platform (7) carries an angle rotating disc (8) for rotating on the adjusting platform (7);
and the detection coil (9) is fixed on the mounting seat of the angle rotating disk (8).
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first coupling assembly comprises: a first clamping groove (10) which is nested on the X-axis sliding rail (2) in a sliding manner;
a first metal small hole (11) and a second metal small hole (12) are formed in the side face of the first clamping groove (10); the upper end of the first clamping groove (10) is provided with a third metal small hole (13) and a fourth metal small hole (14);
the first metal small hole (11) and the third metal small hole (13) are connected through a first lead (15);
the second metal small hole (12) and the fourth metal small hole (14) are connected through a second lead (16);
the alternating current signal generator (4) is connected with the first metal small hole (11) and the second metal small hole (12);
and two ends of the excitation coil (3) are respectively inserted into the third metal small hole (13) and the fourth metal small hole (14).
3. The experimental apparatus for measuring distribution of alternating magnetic field according to claim 1, wherein said second connecting member comprises: a second clamping groove (17) which is nested on the X-axis sliding rail (2) in a sliding manner;
and the Z-axis telescopic column (5) is fixed on the upper surface of the second clamping groove (17).
4. An alternating magnetic field profiling experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said Z-axis telescopic column (5) comprises: an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve; the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve are in clearance fit.
5. The experimental apparatus for measuring distribution of alternating magnetic field according to claim 1, wherein the center of the lower surface of the Y-axis slide rail (6) is fixed to the upper end of the Z-axis telescopic column (5) by a screw.
6. The experimental apparatus for measuring the distribution of an alternating magnetic field according to claim 1, wherein the lower surface of the adjusting platform (7) is provided with a ball; the ball is embedded in the chute of the Y-axis slide rail (6).
7. An experimental apparatus for measuring the distribution of an alternating magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that a millivoltmeter (18) is installed at the upper end of the detection coil (9).
8. The experimental apparatus for measuring the distribution of an alternating magnetic field according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the adjusting platform (7) is provided with an angle scale.
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