CN217930281U - Two-dimensional displacement detection device - Google Patents
Two-dimensional displacement detection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN217930281U CN217930281U CN202222236983.1U CN202222236983U CN217930281U CN 217930281 U CN217930281 U CN 217930281U CN 202222236983 U CN202222236983 U CN 202222236983U CN 217930281 U CN217930281 U CN 217930281U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a two-dimensional displacement detection device, which comprises a laser, a camera, a target, a first bracket arranged at a datum point and a second bracket arranged at a monitoring point; the laser is arranged on the first bracket; the target is arranged on the second bracket; the laser emitted by the laser irradiates on the target; the camera is arranged on the first support or the second support and used for acquiring the graphic information of the laser spots on the target. This application simple structure, convenient to use gathers the laser spot picture on the target through the camera, learns the position change of laser spot on the target, and then can learn monitoring point translation or settlement volume, and is with low costs and the precision is high.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the safety monitoring technique and specifically relates to a two dimension displacement detection device and method that is used for safety monitoring such as building industry, foundation ditch, track traffic operation and construction.
Background
The purpose of building deformation measurement is to obtain deformation information of a building site, a foundation, an upper structure and the surrounding environment during building construction and use, provide information support and service for building construction, operation, quality safety management and the like, and accumulate and provide technical data for engineering design, management, scientific research and the like. And among them, horizontal displacement and vertical displacement (settlement) are one of the main items of deformation of buildings.
Common building settlement monitoring technologies include leveling and total station measurement technologies; two digital optical observation instruments, namely a digital level instrument and a total station instrument, are deformation monitoring instruments generally accepted in the industry and are widely applied to various deformation measurements. In sedimentation-type deformation observation, leveling (also called geometric leveling) is the most common method. The total station instrument is used for carrying out settlement observation by utilizing the total station instrument triangulation height measurement, and the total station instrument-based triangulation height measurement can be used for third-class and fourth-class settlement observation. The digital level needs manual operation, cannot realize an online automatic settlement monitoring function, and has low observation frequency; the total station automatic monitoring system (also called robot automatic monitoring system) can realize automatic monitoring, but is used for settlement monitoring, and has low precision, high price and less adoption in actual engineering. Although the static leveling can be used for online automatic settlement monitoring, liquid guide pipes are required to be used for connection, construction is complex, stability is poor, and the influence of environment (temperature, vibration and the like) is obvious; and when the device is used for long-time online automatic settlement monitoring, the liquid level is reduced due to liquid volatilization, and obvious system errors can be generated.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a two-dimentional displacement detection device to solve at least one above-mentioned technical problem who exists among the prior art.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the utility model provides a pair of two-dimensional displacement detection device, include: the device comprises a laser, a camera, a target, a first support arranged at a datum point and a second support arranged at a monitoring point;
the laser is arranged on the first bracket;
the target is arranged on the second bracket;
the laser emitted by the laser irradiates on the target;
the camera is arranged on the first support or the second support and used for acquiring the graphic information of the laser spots on the target.
This application simple structure, convenient to use gathers the laser spot picture on the target through the camera, learns the position change of laser spot on the target, and then can learn monitoring point translation or settlement volume, and is with low costs and the precision is high.
Further, the laser device further comprises an auto-collimation mechanism, wherein the laser device is arranged on the first support through the auto-collimation mechanism and used for enabling laser emitted from the laser device to always keep the horizontal direction.
Further, the auto-collimation mechanism comprises a mounting frame, a balancing weight is arranged at the lower end of the mounting frame, the upper end of the mounting frame is hinged or pivoted with the first support, the mounting frame is always kept in a vertical state under the action of gravity of the balancing weight, and the laser is vertically arranged on the mounting frame.
Wherein, the mounting bracket can be connecting seat board, connecting rod.
Further, the device also comprises a first inclination angle sensor, wherein the first inclination angle sensor is arranged on the first bracket and used for monitoring the inclination angle of the first bracket.
Further, the device also comprises a second inclination angle sensor, wherein the second inclination angle sensor is arranged on the second support and used for monitoring the inclination angle of the second support.
Further, the first tilt sensor and the second tilt sensor are dual-axis tilt sensors.
Further, the device further comprises a processor, and the processor is respectively connected with the camera, the first inclination angle sensor and the second inclination angle sensor.
The processor acquires an image of a laser spot on a target through the camera, and the inclination angles of the first support and the second support are respectively acquired through the first inclination angle sensor and the second inclination angle sensor.
Further, the camera is an industrial camera with the resolution of 800 × 600 or more. The measuring resolution is less than 0.01mm when the distance between the measuring points is 20 meters.
Further, the laser is an infrared band laser, and laser emitted by the laser is infrared light waves with the wavelength of over 760nm; an infrared filter is attached to the lens of the camera and is a narrow-band filter which has the same frequency band with the laser.
Based on the same inventive concept, the application also discloses a two-dimensional displacement detection device, which comprises: a support; the bracket is provided with a laser, a camera and a target;
the plurality of brackets are sequentially arranged at intervals along a set direction;
the two adjacent brackets comprise a first bracket at one side above the set direction and a second bracket at one side below the set direction; the laser emitted by the laser on the first bracket irradiates on the target on the second bracket;
the camera on the second support is arranged facing the target on the second support and used for acquiring position graphic information of the laser spot on the target.
Further, an inclination angle sensor is arranged on the support and used for monitoring the inclination angle of the support.
Further, the tilt sensor is a dual-axis tilt sensor.
Furthermore, the support is provided with an auto-collimation mechanism, and the laser is arranged on the support through the auto-collimation mechanism and used for keeping the laser emitted from the laser in the horizontal direction all the time.
Further, the auto-collimation mechanism comprises a mounting frame, a balancing weight is arranged at the lower end of the mounting frame, the upper end of the mounting frame is hinged or pivoted with the first support, the mounting frame is always kept in a vertical state under the action of gravity of the balancing weight, and the laser is vertically arranged on the mounting frame.
Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
the utility model provides a pair of two-dimensional displacement detection device, simple structure gathers laser spot picture on the target through the camera, learns the position change of laser spot on the target, and then can learn monitoring point translation or settlement volume, and is with low costs and precision high, and two-dimensional displacement monitoring accuracy is superior to 0.1mm, is higher than the requirement of first-class settlement monitoring grade in "building deformation measurement standard" (JGJ 8-2016), through cascading, can realize remote multiple spot deformation monitoring.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the description in the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a front view of a two-dimensional displacement detection device provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the second bracket shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an auto-collimation mechanism in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an image captured by a camera in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a perspective transformation;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of displacement error caused by laser tilt;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the bracket;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a case where an error occurs in the inclination of the stand;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a two-dimensional displacement detection device arranged in a cascade manner in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
10-a scaffold; 11-a first support; 12-a second support; 20-a laser; 21-laser spot; 30-a tilt sensor; 31-a first tilt sensor; 32-a second tilt sensor; 40-an auto-collimation mechanism; 41-a mounting frame; 42-a counterweight block; 43-pivot shaft; 50-a camera; 60-target.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described more clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood as a specific case by those skilled in the art.
The present invention will be further explained with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, the two-dimensional displacement detecting device provided in this embodiment includes: a laser 20, a camera 50, a target 60, and a first holder 11 disposed at a reference point and a second holder 12 disposed at a monitoring point.
The laser 20 is arranged on the first support 11; the target 60 is disposed on the second stent 12; the laser emitted by the laser 20 irradiates the target 60; the camera 50 is arranged on the second holder 12, the camera 50 is arranged facing the target 60, the camera 50 transmits the pattern to the processor, and the processor thereby obtains the pattern information of the laser spot 21 on the target 60.
This application simple structure, convenient to use gathers laser spot 21 picture on target 60 through camera 50, learns the position change of laser spot 21 on target 60, and then can learn monitoring point translation or settlement volume, and is with low costs and the precision height.
More preferably, the present embodiment further includes an auto-collimation mechanism 40, and the laser 20 is disposed on the first support 11 through the auto-collimation mechanism 40, so that the laser emitted from the laser 20 always maintains a horizontal direction.
Referring to fig. 3, the auto-collimation mechanism 40 in this embodiment includes a mounting frame 41, a weight block 42 is disposed at a lower end of the mounting frame 41, an upper end of the mounting frame 41 is pivotally connected to the first support 11 through a pivot shaft 43, the mounting frame 41 is always kept in a vertical state under the action of gravity of the weight block 42, and the laser 20 is vertically disposed on the mounting frame 41. The laser 20 can thus be kept horizontal at all times. Wherein, the mounting bracket 41 may be in the form of a connection seat plate, a connection rod, etc. The weight 42 may be independently installed or may be integrally installed with the mounting frame 41, and more simply, the mounting frame 41 is made of a material having a relatively high density, such as metal, and may be maintained in a vertical state by its own weight.
And, the embodiment further comprises a first tilt sensor 31, wherein the first tilt sensor 31 is arranged on the first bracket 11 and is used for monitoring the tilt angle of the first bracket 11. And a second tilt sensor 32, the second tilt sensor 32 being arranged on the second bracket 12 for monitoring the tilt angle of the second bracket 12. The first tilt sensor 31 and the second tilt sensor 32 are dual-axis tilt sensors.
The processor acquires an image of the laser spot 21 on the target 60 through the camera 50, and obtains the inclination angles of the first support 11 and the second support 12 through the first inclination sensor 31 and the second inclination sensor 32 respectively. The camera 50 is an industrial camera with a resolution of 800 × 600 or more. The measuring resolution is less than 0.01mm when the distance between the measuring points is 20 meters.
When the monitoring starts, a beam of laser is emitted to the target 21, the camera is positioned in front of and above the target and is used for shooting a target picture, after the processor obtains the picture, the digital image measurement technology can be adopted to identify the coordinates of a laser spot, and the coordinates are used as initial coordinates (X) of the plane position of the monitoring point 0 ，Y 0 ) (ii) a When the monitoring point is displaced relative to the reference point, the spot position of the laser imaged on the target surface changes correspondingly to obtain the measurement coordinate (X) i ，Y i ) Spot coordinate reading X i And X 0 The difference is used as a horizontal displacement measurement, Y i And Y 0 The difference is taken as a vertical displacement measurement.
As shown in fig. 4, since the camera is located right above the target, in order to capture the whole target, the camera needs to be at a certain angle with the target surface, and then the target is trapezoidal in the camera imaging.
In order to measure the actual physical displacement of the laser spot, a corresponding relation between a pixel in a picture and the actual physical coordinate of a target surface needs to be established, and the corresponding relation is called as a transformation matrix in a digital image; to achieve the above objective, two steps of calculation are required:
1) Perspective deformation correction (perspective transformation), namely eliminating trapezoidal distortion of the image, correcting the image into a rectangular image viewed from the front of a lens, and adjusting the coordinate axis proportion of the image X, Y to be consistent with the actual physical size;
the essence of the Perspective Transformation (Perspective Transformation) is to project an image to a new viewing plane, and the general Transformation formula is:
(u, v) are original image pixel coordinates, (x = x '/w', y = y '/w') are image pixel coordinates after transformation. The perspective transformation matrix is illustrated as follows:
T 2 ＝[a 13 a 23 ] T
T 3 ＝[a 31 a 32 ]
wherein, T 1 Representing a linear transformation of the image; t is 2 For generating a perspective transformation of the image; t is 3 Representing image translation.
Affine Transformation (Affine Transformation) can be understood as a special form of perspective Transformation. The mathematical expression of the perspective transformation is:
therefore, the coordinates of four pairs of pixel points corresponding to the perspective transformation are given, and the perspective transformation matrix can be obtained; as shown in fig. 5, the perspective transformation can be completed for the image or pixel coordinates by giving the perspective transformation matrix.
In this embodiment, four calibration mark points 61 are set outside the measurement area on the target 60, and as relative known coordinates, four pairs of pixel point coordinates can be obtained, and then a perspective transformation matrix can be obtained.
2) Obtaining laser spot image coordinates
Carrying out binaryzation, contour extraction and contour fitting on pixels of the image in the measurement area, and then carrying out effectiveness judgment to capture an effective laser spot contour; then extracting geometric characteristics of the light spot profile, comparing the geometric characteristics of the light spot profile with the geometric characteristics of the laser light spot profile of the reference picture to obtain effective geometric characteristic points, and calculating to obtain image coordinates of the laser light spot;
then the image coordinates (X) of the laser spot are measured im， Y im ) Calculating actual physical coordinates (X) of the laser spot according to transformation formulas 2 and 3 i， Y i ) I.e. the measurement coordinates.
3) Eliminating ambient light interference
The laser is an infrared band laser, namely, the laser emitted by the laser is an infrared light wave with the wavelength of over 760nm; an infrared filter is attached to the lens of the camera and is a narrow-band filter which has the same frequency band with the laser.
At a measurement site, interference of ambient light can be one of the main reasons for affecting the measurement stability, and sources include natural light, artificial illumination light, vehicle light and the like. In the interference light source, main energy is intensively distributed in a visible light spectrum range, and the wavelength is 400-760 nm; in the embodiment, a laser with the wavelength of over 760nm is selected as an emission light source, and a narrow-band filter with the same frequency band is attached to a lens of the camera, so that the interference of ambient light on imaging is suppressed, and the interference of measurement laser on the environment is avoided.
4) Method for eliminating measuring point and datum point inclination interference by adopting auto-collimation mechanism and double-shaft inclination angle sensor
The laser has the characteristic of collimation, when the laser fixing device is inclined by an angle theta, as shown in fig. 6, the laser spot is displaced at the target position:
wherein, the error is Delta S = tan (theta) × L (5)
As can be seen from equation 5, the displacement error caused by the tilt is proportional to the test distance (laser propagation distance), which is one of the main factors for generating the error; this application has adopted auto-collimation mechanism 40, is fixed in the laser instrument on auto-collimation mechanism 40, under the action of gravity, auto-collimation mechanism 40 automatic maintenance vertical state, even the support has certain angle slope, laser beam keeps emission angle unchangeable, the effectual error that has eliminated laser angle and has changed and arouse.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, when the laser emission angle is unchanged, the first support is inclined along the X, Y axis emission, which causes the laser emission point to translate, and thus causes the laser spot to displace on the target:
ΔH＝sin(θ)*H laser *tan(θ*1/2) (6)
The first inclination angle sensor arranged on the datum point measures the inclination angles generated in the two directions X, Y, and the displacements caused in the two directions are calculated according to the formula 6 respectively, so that the measurement error caused by the inclination of the transmitting end is eliminated.
In the same way, it can be deduced that the displacement of the imaging position of the laser spot on the target is also caused by the inclination of the receiving end, namely the second support:
ΔH＝sin(θ)*H light spot *tan(θ*1/2) (7)
The second tilt sensor installed at the monitoring point (receiving end) measures the tilt angles generated in two directions X, Y, and respectively calculates the displacement caused by the two directions according to formula 7, thereby eliminating the measurement error caused by the tilt of the receiving end.
The utility model provides a pair of two-dimensional displacement detection device, moreover, the steam generator is simple in structure, gather laser facula 21 picture on target 60 through camera 50, learn the position change of laser facula 21 on target 60, and then can learn monitoring point translation or settlement volume, with low costs and precision are high, two-dimensional displacement monitoring precision is superior to 0.1mm, be higher than the requirement of the first-class settlement monitoring grade in "building deformation measurement standard" (JGJ 8-2016), through cascading, can realize remote multiple spot deformation monitoring.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 9, the two-dimensional displacement detecting apparatus provided in this embodiment includes: a support 10; the bracket 10 is provided with a laser 20, a camera 50 and a target 60; the plurality of supports 10 are sequentially arranged at intervals along a set direction in a cascade manner.
The two adjacent brackets 10 comprise a first bracket 11 at the upper side of the setting direction and a second bracket 12 at the lower side of the setting direction; the laser emitted by the laser 20 on the first support 11 irradiates the target 60 on the second support 12; the camera 50 on the second support 12 is arranged facing the target 60 on the second support 12, and is used for acquiring the position graphic information of the laser spot 21 on the target 60.
The bracket 10 is further provided with an inclination angle sensor 30 for monitoring the inclination angle of the bracket 10. The tilt sensor 30 is a dual-axis tilt sensor 30 that can monitor tilt angles in the X and Y directions.
And the support 10 is provided with an auto-collimation mechanism 40, and the laser 20 is arranged on the support 10 through the auto-collimation mechanism 40 and used for keeping the laser emitted from the laser 20 in the horizontal direction all the time. The specific structure of the auto-collimation mechanism 40 can be seen in embodiment 1.
The working principle of the embodiment is shown in embodiment 1. The embodiment can realize remote multipoint deformation monitoring through cascade connection.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A two-dimensional displacement detecting device, comprising: the device comprises a laser, a camera, a target, a first support arranged at a datum point and a second support arranged at a monitoring point;
the laser is arranged on the first bracket;
the target is arranged on the second bracket;
the laser emitted by the laser irradiates on the target;
the camera is arranged on the first support or the second support and used for acquiring the graphic information of the laser spots on the target.
2. The two-dimensional displacement detection device according to claim 1, further comprising an auto-collimation mechanism, wherein the laser is arranged on the first support through the auto-collimation mechanism, and the laser emitted from the laser always keeps a horizontal direction.
3. The two-dimensional displacement detection device according to claim 2, wherein the auto-collimation mechanism comprises a mounting frame, a balancing weight is arranged at the lower end of the mounting frame, the upper end of the mounting frame is hinged or pivoted with the first support, the mounting frame is always kept in a vertical state under the action of gravity of the balancing weight, and the laser is vertically arranged on the mounting frame.
4. The two-dimensional displacement sensing device according to claim 1, further comprising a first tilt sensor disposed on the first bracket for monitoring a tilt angle of the first bracket.
5. The two-dimensional displacement detecting device according to claim 4, further comprising a second tilt sensor provided on the second bracket for monitoring a tilt angle of the second bracket.
6. The two-dimensional displacement sensing device according to claim 5, wherein the first tilt sensor and the second tilt sensor are dual-axis tilt sensors.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the laser is an infrared laser, and the laser emitted by the laser is an infrared light wave having a wavelength of 760nm or more; an infrared filter is attached to the lens of the camera and is a narrow-band filter which has the same frequency band with the laser.
8. A two-dimensional displacement detecting device, comprising: a support; the bracket is provided with a laser, a camera and a target;
the plurality of brackets are sequentially arranged at intervals along a set direction;
the two adjacent brackets comprise a first bracket at one side above the set direction and a second bracket at one side below the set direction; the laser emitted by the laser on the first bracket irradiates on the target on the second bracket;
the camera on the second support is arranged facing the target on the second support and used for acquiring position graphic information of the laser spot on the target.
9. A two-dimensional displacement sensing device according to claim 8, wherein the carriage is provided with a tilt sensor for monitoring the tilt angle of the carriage.
10. A two-dimensional displacement detection device according to claim 8, wherein the support is provided with an auto-collimation mechanism, and the laser is arranged on the support through the auto-collimation mechanism, so that the laser emitted from the laser always keeps a horizontal direction.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116952152A (en) * | 2023-08-11 | 2023-10-27 | 湖北辉创重型工程有限公司 | Steel beam deformation detection device |
| CN117109535A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-11-24 | 宁夏交通建设股份有限公司 | Inclination angle measuring device and dynamic measuring method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-08-24 CN CN202222236983.1U patent/CN217930281U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116952152A (en) * | 2023-08-11 | 2023-10-27 | 湖北辉创重型工程有限公司 | Steel beam deformation detection device |
| CN117109535A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-11-24 | 宁夏交通建设股份有限公司 | Inclination angle measuring device and dynamic measuring method thereof |
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