CN102967263A - Bridge deflection-corner integrated measurement method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a bridge deflection-corner integrated measurement method, comprising the following steps: fixing a signal transmitter A at the structural deflection measurement point of the structure to be measured of the bridge, and guaranteeing that the light paths of two laser transmitters of the signal transmitter A are emitted in the opposite direction of the longitudinal direction of the bridge; fixing a set of signal acquisition devices B at the stationary reference points on both sides of the bridge, respectively, and enabling the laser emitted by the signal transmitter A to be received by the receiving screen of the signal acquisition devices B; connecting the two signal acquisition devices B with a computer C; and enabling the computer C to synchronously acquire light spot data at a fixed frequency and perform calculation processing on the light spot displacement. The measurement method provided by the invention solves the problem of errors caused by the laser corners by symmetrically arranging the laser transmitters at the deflection measurement point of the structure to be measured; and the deflection and the corners are measured simultaneously at one measurement point; the laser transmitters are fixedly connected with the part to be measured without degree of freedom; and the image acquisition devices are capable of performing dynamic measurement while acquiring the laser light spot images at a fixed frequency.

Description

A kind of deflection of bridge span-corner integral measurement method

Technical field

The present invention relates to bridge and detect and monitoring technical field, is a kind of deflection of bridge span-corner integral measurement method specifically.The integrated dynamic measurement method of deflection of bridge span-corner (amount of deflection and corner) espespecially.

Background technology

Amount of deflection is the important parameter that bridge structure is all paid special attention on intensity, rigidity, stability three large key issues, directly whether the reflection bridge structure exceeds risk range in operation state, so when the safety case of assessment one bridge block, amount of deflection is most important.Under the demand of deflection metrology, the researchist has been developed many deflection metrology methods both at home and abroad, and laser measurement is exactly wherein a kind of.The collimation of laser is high, is difficult for dispersing, and can realize remote measurement, many software engineering researchers invent based on the bridge structure displacement test system of laser facula identification.But the problem that laser brings is exactly that it is to the sensitivity of corner, no matter generating laser is fixed on the bridge structure or is fixed on the static reference point away from structure, even generating laser has a faint rotation, through also bringing very large error after the distance amplification.

The patent No. is ZL200510020375.5, grant number is the adaptive damping hinge arrangement that CN1297798C disclosed " two dimension, large range laser amount of deflection/displacement measurement method and device " has proposed a kind of fixed laser, laser still keeps fixed pose when making bridge generation corner, and generating laser just moves up and down when only having bridge that amount of deflection is arranged.Carry out in the static state or quasistatic process of loading test at bridge, this laser fixed form can realize the avoidance to corner, accurately measures amount of deflection.But, the bridge operation phase can be born for a long time various types of vehicles and be impacted, be in for a long time a transient equilibrium, the upper pendulum bar of hinge can be subject to the impact from bridge, and the system that upper draft link and ball pivot form is a free state, like this upper pendulum bar is subject to will producing a random vibration from laser self after the impulsive force of bridge, causes measuring losing efficacy.

The patent No. is ZL0810070076.6, grant number is that CN101339003B disclosed " great structure horizontal two-dimensional displacement automatic measuring equipment and method " has proposed to utilize Action of Gravity Field to suspend to avoid laser instrument in midair generating laser to the sensitivity of corner with rope, this mode can realize static measurement to the two-dimension displacement of bridge tower in surface level of guy system, but can't measure deflection of bridge span.The method is to make laser be in a free state equally, and the dynamic displacement of bridge tower is difficult to transmit.

The patent No. is that ZL200920126826.7, the patent No. are that ZL200920126829.0 and the patent No. are that the disclosed content of ZL201020226330.X also is to utilize the Laser Measuring amount of deflection, and institute's employing way is to avoid laser to the sensitivity of corner with modes such as spring connection or suspensions.This mode also is to satisfy static measurement.

Along with improving constantly that detection technique requires, for carrying out some spectrum analyses or damage identification, scientific research and detection unit often pay close attention to the dynamic parameter of bridge more.The online detection of bridge operation phase or long-term dynamics monitoring all need its amount of deflection is carried out kinetic measurement.Existing patented technology above summing up, the problem of laser deflection metrology maximum be linear laser to the sensitivity of corner, and the laser fixed sturcture after improving can be avoided the impact of corner but be difficult to realize kinetic measurement.

Summary of the invention

For the defective that exists in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of deflection of bridge span-corner integral measurement method, generating laser is arranged symmetrically with (symmetrical reverse layout) at structural deflection measuring point to be measured place, solved the problem that laser corner brings error, and amount of deflection and corner have been recorded simultaneously at a measuring point, generating laser is fixedly connected with detected part, does not have degree of freedom, and image capture device can carry out kinetic measurement when gathering representation of laser facula by fixed frequency.

For reaching above purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

A kind of deflection of bridge span-corner integral measurement method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

The place is fixedly installed signal transmitter A at bridge structural deflection measuring point to be measured, described signal transmitter A comprises: two generating lasers 2, two generating lasers 2 are by clamper 1 symmetrical reverse setting, be fixed on the bridge detected part by clamper 1, adjust clamper 1 and guarantee that the light path of two generating lasers 2 is in alignment along vertically oppositely emission of bridge;

Each fixes the signal collecting device B that a cover is used for gathering laser facula in the static reference point in bridge two sides, described signal collecting device B comprises: guard shield 4, its front end is provided with receiving screen 3, its rear end is provided with the video camera 5 as image capture device, its underpart is provided with support 6, regulates received screen 3 receptions of laser energy that support 6 sends signal transmitter A;

Two signal collecting device B are connected with computing machine C and are controlled simultaneously by computing machine C;

Computing machine C is according to certain fixed frequency synchronous acquisition and store the representation of laser facula data that two signal collecting device B gather, and carries out the computing of laser facula displacement.

On the basis of technique scheme, described receiving screen 3 is made by translucent frosted glass.

On the basis of technique scheme, the center line of the camera lens of video camera 5 keeps vertical with receiving screen 3.

On the basis of technique scheme, the computing of described laser facula displacement may further comprise the steps:

If amount of deflection w and rotational angle theta have occured at the amount of deflection measuring point in bridge simultaneously, process through computing machine C, it is y that First signal collecting device B records the vertical displacement of hot spot ₁, it is y that second signal collecting device B records the vertical displacement of hot spot ₁, the amount of deflection measuring point is l from the distance of First signal collecting device B ₁, be l from the distance of second signal collecting device B ₂,

Then press relation of plane and try to achieve the value θ of amount of deflection w and corner:

$w=\frac{y_1{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="HDA00002516319600031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_2+y_2{l}_1}{l_1+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="HDA00002516319600031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_2}$

$\mathrm{\&theta;}\&ap;\tan \mathrm{\&theta;}=\frac{y_2-y_1}{l_1+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="HDA00002516319600031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_2}.$

On the basis of technique scheme, computing machine C calculates the vertical displacement y of laser facula on receiving screen 3 by gravity model appoach, for the video camera that a pixel is M * N, the location of pixels value Y of corresponding hot spot in gathering picture, determined by following formula:

$Y=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{j=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}f(i,j)\&times;j}{\underset{i=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{j=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}f(i,j)}$

Wherein, f (i, j) represents the gray-scale value of this pixel, and i represents the lateral coordinates value, and j represents the along slope coordinate value;

For the accurate actual displacement of reflection hot spot also needs to have demarcated in advance the actual range of each pixel representative, two signal collecting device B are the same, and pixel and actual range reduction coefficient k value are constant in the picture, k=h _Mark/ H _Mark, h _MarkThe true altitude value of expression receiving screen 3, H _MarkExpression receiving screen height in image;

Structure does not have under the bearing load stationary state, and First signal collecting device B and second signal collecting device B are respectively Y by the location of pixels that gravity model appoach calculates the spot center vertical direction ₁₀, Y ₂₀, y by formula then ₁=(Y ₁-Y ₁₀) * k and y ₂=(Y ₂-Y ₂₀) * k calculates the shift value of hot spot, Y ₁, Y ₂The location of pixels that represents respectively First and second signal collecting device B current state spot center vertical direction.

Deflection of bridge span of the present invention-corner integral measurement method, by fixing two generating lasers in structural deflection measuring point to be measured place symmetrical reverse, each fixes the image capture device that a cover is used for gathering laser facula in the static reference point in bridge two sides, control simultaneously two cover image capture devices with a computing machine, make two cover image capture devices keep gathering representation of laser facula by certain fixed frequency synchronously, calculate the positional value of laser facula on receiving screen by Computer, and then extrapolate simultaneously amount of deflection and the corner value of system point to be measured with the position of two laser faculas, realize the integrated kinetic measurement of deflection of bridge span-corner.

The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and the high-lighting effect:

The employing generating laser is arranged symmetrically with, and has not only solved the problem that laser corner brings error, and has recorded simultaneously amount of deflection and corner at a measuring point;

Generating laser is fixedly connected with detected part, does not have degree of freedom, and image capture device can carry out kinetic measurement when gathering representation of laser facula by fixed frequency.

Description of drawings

The present invention has following accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of deflection of bridge span-corner integrated measurer.

Fig. 2 is signal transmitter A synoptic diagram.

Fig. 3 is signal collecting device B synoptic diagram.

Fig. 4 is the principle schematic of integral measurement method of the present invention, wherein, Fig. 4 a represents the laser optical path situation after amount of deflection and corner variation occur measuring point simultaneously, and Fig. 4 b represents the laser optical path situation that measuring point generation corner changes, and Fig. 4 c represents to occur the laser optical path situation that amount of deflection changes.

Test curve when Fig. 5 is the measured bridge 60km/h of embodiment of the invention preventing test, wherein, Fig. 5 a is span centre measuring point dynamic deflection curve, Fig. 5 b is span centre measuring point dynamic rotational angle curve.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail.

As shown in Figure 1, deflection of bridge span of the present invention-corner integral measurement method may further comprise the steps:

The place is fixedly installed signal transmitter A at bridge structural deflection measuring point to be measured, as shown in Figure 2, described signal transmitter A comprises: two generating lasers 2, two generating lasers 2 are by clamper 1 symmetrical reverse setting, be fixed on the bridge detected part by clamper 1, adjust clamper 1 and guarantee that the light path of two generating lasers 2 is in alignment along vertically oppositely emission of bridge;

Each fixes the signal collecting device B that a cover is used for gathering laser facula in the static reference point in bridge two sides, for example respectively be provided with a signal collecting device B in bridge two static reference point of pier, as shown in Figure 3, described signal collecting device B comprises: guard shield 4, its front end is provided with receiving screen 3, its rear end is provided with the video camera 5 as image capture device, and its underpart is provided with support 6, regulates received screen 3 receptions of laser energy that support 6 sends signal transmitter A;

Described receiving screen 3 is made by translucent frosted glass, is used for receiving the hot spot of generating laser 2;

Described guard shield 4 is used for the relative position of fixed cameras 5 and receiving screen 3, and video camera 5 is shielded;

Described video camera 5 gathers the picture of hot spot after imaging on the receiving screen 3 of generating laser 2 projections, and the center line of the camera lens of video camera 5 keeps vertical with receiving screen 3;

Described support 6 is used for fixing guard shield 4;

Two signal collecting device B are connected with computing machine C and are controlled simultaneously by computing machine C, computing machine C is connected with two signal collecting device B by data line simultaneously, and the view data that signal collecting device B transmits is processed;

Computing machine C is according to certain fixed frequency synchronous acquisition and store the representation of laser facula data that two signal collecting device B gather, and carries out the computing of laser facula displacement.

On the basis of technique scheme, the computing of described laser facula displacement may further comprise the steps:

If amount of deflection w and rotational angle theta have occured at the amount of deflection measuring point in bridge simultaneously, process through computing machine C, it is y that First signal collecting device B records the vertical displacement of hot spot ₁, it is y that second signal collecting device B records the vertical displacement of hot spot ₂, the amount of deflection measuring point is l from the distance of First signal collecting device B ₁, be l from the distance of second signal collecting device B ₂,

Then press relation of plane and try to achieve the value θ of amount of deflection w and corner:

$w=\frac{y_1{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="HDA00002516319600031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_2+y_2{l}_1}{l_1+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="HDA00002516319600031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_2}$

$\mathrm{\&theta;}\&ap;\tan \mathrm{\&theta;}=\frac{y_2-y_1}{l_1+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="HDA00002516319600031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_2}.$

On the basis of technique scheme, computing machine C calculates vertical displacement (vertical displacement value) y of laser facula on receiving screen 3 by gravity model appoach, for the video camera that a pixel is M * N, the location of pixels value Y of corresponding hot spot in gathering picture, determined by following formula:

$Y=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{j=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}f(i,j)\&times;j}{\underset{i=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{j=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}f(i,j)}$

Wherein, f (i, j) represents the gray-scale value of this pixel, and i represents the lateral coordinates value, and j represents the along slope coordinate value;

For the accurate actual displacement of reflection hot spot also needs to have demarcated in advance the actual range of each pixel representative, two signal collecting device B are the same, and pixel and actual range reduction coefficient k value are constant in the picture, k=h _Mark/ H _Mark, h _MarkThe true altitude value of expression receiving screen 3, H _MarkExpression receiving screen height in image;

Structure does not have under the bearing load stationary state, and First signal collecting device B and second signal collecting device B are respectively Y by the location of pixels that gravity model appoach calculates the spot center vertical direction ₁₀, Y ₂₀, y by formula then ₁=(Y ₁-Y ₁₀) * k and y ₂=(Y ₂-Y ₂₀) * k calculates the shift value of hot spot, Y ₁, Y ₂The location of pixels that represents respectively First and second signal collecting device B current state spot center vertical direction.

Below be an embodiment.

Present embodiment is striden Jiang Qiaowei example (main span is as 80m) take a certain prestressed concrete in certain city.

Fixed signal transmitter A on measuring point between this bridge main span centre, debugging clamper 1 make that the light path of two generating lasers 2 is in alignment vertically launches towards two sides along bridge; The static reference point of pier respectively is provided with a signal collecting device B at bridge two, regulates received screen 3 receptions of laser energy that support 6 sends signal transmitter A; Two signal collecting device B are connected with computing machine C and are controlled simultaneously by computing machine C; Computing machine C can and store the light spot image data that two signal collecting device B gather according to fixed frequency 8Hz synchronous acquisition;

Calculate the vertical displacement value y of laser facula on receiving screen 3 by gravity model appoach.Video camera 5 pixels are 1280 * 1024 pixels, need to demarcate in advance the actual range of good each pixel representative for the actual displacement that accurately reflects hot spot.Two signal collecting device B are the same, and pixel and actual range reduction coefficient k value are constant in the picture.K=h _Mark/ H _Mark, the true altitude value of h mark expression receiving screen 3, h=800mm, H mark expression receiving screen height in image, so H=1024pixels is k=0.78mm/pixel.Structure does not have under the bearing load stationary state, and First signal collecting device B and second signal collecting device B are respectively Y by the location of pixels that gravity model appoach calculates the spot center vertical direction ₁₀=500.34, Y ₂₀=509.78.Y by formula ₁=(Y ₁-Y ₁₀) * k and y ₂=(Y ₂-Y ₂₀) * k calculates the shift value of hot spot, Y ₁, Y ₂The location of pixels that represents respectively First and second signal collecting device B current state spot center vertical direction.

Principle of the present invention as shown in Figure 4, Fig. 4 a represents the laser optical path situation after corner occurs measuring point simultaneously, it is to be coupled to form by measuring point generation corner (Fig. 4 b) and result that amount of deflection (4c) occurs.Suppose that bridge at the amount of deflection measuring point amount of deflection w and rotational angle theta has occured simultaneously, process through computing machine C that it is y that First signal collecting device B records the vertical displacement of hot spot ₁, it is y that second signal collecting device B records the vertical displacement of hot spot ₂, the amount of deflection measuring point is l from the distance of First signal collecting device B ₁, be l from the distance of second signal collecting device B ₂, amount of deflection w and rotational angle theta satisfy following relation so:

y ₁=w-l ₁tanθ y ₂=w+l ₂tanθ

Through converting can be in the hope of amount of deflection w and rotational angle theta:

$w=\frac{y_1{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="HDA00002516319600031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_2+y_2{l}_1}{l_1+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="HDA00002516319600031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_2}$

$\mathrm{\&theta;}\&ap;\tan \mathrm{\&theta;}=\frac{y_2-y_1}{l_1+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="HDA00002516319600031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_2}.$

Fig. 5 is this bridge at the heavy vehicle of two 30t side by side with 60km/h during through this bridge, dynamic deflection curve (5a) and the dynamic rotational angle curve (5b) of the span centre measuring point that records with the method.

The content that is not described in detail in this instructions belongs to the known prior art of this area professional and technical personnel.

Claims (5)

1. deflection of bridge span-corner integral measurement method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

The place is fixedly installed signal transmitter A at bridge structural deflection measuring point to be measured, described signal transmitter A comprises: two generating lasers (2), two generating lasers (2) are by clamper (1) symmetrical reverse setting, be fixed on the bridge detected part by clamper (1), adjust clamper (1) and guarantee that the light path of two generating lasers (2) is in alignment along vertically oppositely emission of bridge;

Each fixes the signal collecting device B that a cover is used for gathering laser facula in the static reference point in bridge two sides, described signal collecting device B comprises: guard shield (4), its front end is provided with receiving screen (3), its rear end is provided with the video camera (5) as image capture device, its underpart is provided with support (6), regulates the received screen of laser energy (3) reception that support (6) sends signal transmitter A;

Two signal collecting device B are connected with computing machine C and are controlled simultaneously by computing machine C;

Computing machine C is according to certain fixed frequency synchronous acquisition and store the representation of laser facula data that two signal collecting device B gather, and carries out the computing of laser facula displacement.

2. deflection of bridge span as claimed in claim 1-corner integral measurement method, it is characterized in that: described receiving screen (3) is made by translucent frosted glass.

3. deflection of bridge span as claimed in claim 1-corner integral measurement method is characterized in that: the center line of the camera lens of video camera (5) keeps vertical with receiving screen (3).

4. deflection of bridge span as claimed in claim 1-corner integral measurement method is characterized in that, the computing of described laser facula displacement may further comprise the steps:

If amount of deflection w and rotational angle theta have occured at the amount of deflection measuring point in bridge simultaneously, process through computing machine C, it is y that First signal collecting device B records the vertical displacement of hot spot ₁, it is y that second signal collecting device B records the vertical displacement of hot spot ₂, the amount of deflection measuring point is l from the distance of First signal collecting device B ₁, be l from the distance of second signal collecting device B ₂,

Then press relation of plane and try to achieve the value θ of amount of deflection w and corner:

$w=\frac{y_1{l}_2+y_2{l}_1}{l_1+l_2}$

$\mathrm{\&theta;}\&ap;\tan \mathrm{\&theta;}=\frac{y_2-y_1}{l_1+l_2}.$

5. deflection of bridge span as claimed in claim 4-corner integral measurement method, it is characterized in that: computing machine C calculates the vertical displacement y of laser facula on receiving screen (3) by gravity model appoach, for the pixel video camera that is M * N, the location of pixels value Y of corresponding hot spot in gathering picture, determined by following formula:

$Y=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{j=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}f(i,j)\&times;j}{\underset{i=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{j=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}f(i,j)}$

Wherein, f (i, j) represents the gray-scale value of this pixel, and i represents the lateral coordinates value, and j represents the along slope coordinate value;

For the accurate actual displacement of reflection hot spot also needs to have demarcated in advance the actual range of each pixel representative, two signal collecting device B are the same, and pixel and actual range reduction coefficient k value are constant in the picture, k=h _Mark/ H _Mark, h _MarkThe true altitude value of expression receiving screen (3), H _MarkExpression receiving screen height in image;

Structure does not have under the bearing load stationary state, and First signal collecting device B and second signal collecting device B are respectively Y by the location of pixels that gravity model appoach calculates the spot center vertical direction ₁₀, Y ₂₀, y by formula then ₁=(Y ₁-Y ₁₀) * k and y ₂=(Y ₂-Y ₂₀) * k calculates the shift value of hot spot, Y ₁, Y ₂The location of pixels that represents respectively First and second signal collecting device B current state spot center vertical direction.

Images