CN111665005A - Deflection measurement method of bridge - Google Patents
Deflection measurement method of bridge Download PDFInfo
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- CN111665005A CN111665005A CN202010508738.4A CN202010508738A CN111665005A CN 111665005 A CN111665005 A CN 111665005A CN 202010508738 A CN202010508738 A CN 202010508738A CN 111665005 A CN111665005 A CN 111665005A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0008—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings of bridges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a deflection measuring method of a bridge, wherein a deflection measuring device is arranged on a detected beam body, the deflection measuring device comprises a level gauge and a measuring part which are hung on the lower side of the detected beam body, the level gauge is used for detecting the height of the measuring part, the beam body generates the maximum deflection value at the maximum deflection value in the actual use working condition, but the stress structures at two ends of the beam body are not necessarily completely symmetrical, so that the deflection deformation values generated at two sides of the beam body are possibly different by taking the maximum deflection value as the center, and the deflection values generated at two ends of the beam body and the maximum deflection value are respectively measured, and then the average value is taken to finally obtain the more accurate maximum deflection value. The deflection measuring device is positioned at the bottom of the beam body and does not depend on the ground, so that the deflection measuring device is irrelevant to the flatness of the ground, and is not arranged on the upper side of the beam body, so that the deflection measuring device is not influenced by an asphalt layer and a load position, and can accurately measure the deflection value of the beam body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a deflection measuring method in the technical field of bridge safety.
Background
Newly-built bridge and the bridge after having consolidated or rebuild need to pass through the load test to inspect whether the normal operating condition and the bearing capacity of bridge structures meet the design requirements.
The deflection, namely the maximum sinking distance of the most unfavorable position of the beam body across the middle part after the beam body is loaded, is an important parameter of the safety performance of the beam body, the beam body at the position can generate the maximum deflection value, and the maximum deflection generating position, namely the most unfavorable position of the beam body is known and determined corresponding to a bridge. The deflection detection in the prior art mainly comprises two means, one means is that a stay wire displacement sensor or a laser displacement sensor is arranged between the most unfavorable position of a beam body and the ground, and when a vehicle load is arranged on the upper side of the most unfavorable position of the beam body, the sinking distance generated in the middle of the beam span is detected; another method is to provide a deflection measuring instrument on the bridge deck, but there is a problem that vehicles exist as loads at the most unfavorable positions of the beam body, the deflection measuring instrument cannot be provided at the most unfavorable positions of the beam body, and moreover, an asphalt pavement is already laid on the upper side of the beam body, and the vehicle loads generate a certain deflection amount on the asphalt pavement, which affects deflection judgment on the beam body.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bridge deflection measuring method capable of realizing bridge deflection measurement.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for measuring the deflection of bridge features that a deflection measurer is arranged on the body of bridge to be measured, which includes a level gauge suspended under the body and a measuring unit for measuring the height of measuring unit,
1) the leveling instrument is arranged at one end of the detected beam body, the measuring part comprises a first measuring part arranged at the maximum deflection value of the beam body and a second measuring part arranged at the other end of the beam body, when the upper side of the detected beam body is not loaded, the leveling instrument measures the height H1 of the first measuring part and the height H2 of the second measuring part, after the upper side of the middle part of the detected beam body is loaded, the leveling instrument measures the height H1 of the first measuring part and the height H2 of the second measuring part, and then the maximum deflection value of the beam body is = (H1-H1)/2 + (H1-H2)/2;
2) the leveling instrument is arranged at the maximum deflection value of the beam body, the measuring parts comprise a first measuring part and a second measuring part which are arranged at two ends of the beam body, when the upper side of the detected beam body is not loaded, the leveling instrument measures the height H1 of the first measuring part and the height H2 of the second measuring part, after the upper side of the middle part of the detected beam body is loaded, the leveling instrument measures the height H1 of the first measuring part and the height H2 of the second measuring part, and then the maximum deflection value of the beam body is = (H1-H1)/2 + (H2-H2)/2;
3) the measuring component comprises a first measuring component, a second measuring component and a third measuring component, the first measuring component and the second measuring component are arranged at two ends of the beam body, the level gauge is arranged between the first measuring component and the third measuring component or between the second measuring component and the third measuring component, when the upper side of the beam body to be detected is not loaded, the level gauge measures the height H1 of the first measuring component and the height H2 of the second measuring component, the height of the third measuring component is H3, after the load is applied to the upper side of the middle of the beam body to be detected, the level gauge measures the height H1 of the first measuring component, the height H2 of the second measuring component and the height of the third measuring component is H3, and then the maximum deflection value of the beam body is = (H3-H1)/2 + (H3-H2)/2.
The measuring part is a suspension hammer with scales on the periphery.
The surveyor's level passes through the surveyor's level support and links to each other with roof beam body bottom, is provided with the pivot that the axis of rotation extends along upper and lower direction and drives pivot pivoted pivot actuating mechanism on the surveyor's level support, and the surveyor's level is fixed in the pivot.
The surveyor's level support includes the support body, and support body upper end has and is used for the bonding connection face that links to each other with the bonding of roof beam body bottom, is provided with on the support body and stores up the capsule, and the upper end of storing up the capsule is higher than the bonding connection face and is used for roof beam body bottom extrusion, store up be connected with on the capsule be used for to the bonding connection face send the glue solution passageway of glue solution, is provided with the breakable membrane on the glue solution passageway.
The glue solution channel comprises a glue solution outlet hole positioned on the bonding connection surface and a connection channel for connecting the glue solution outlet hole and the capsule storage.
The glue solution outlet is a big belly hole with a small upper part and a big lower part, and the breakable membrane is arranged at the hole of the glue solution outlet.
The support body is provided with a pushing eccentric wheel in a rotating mode, the support body is further provided with a driving motor for driving the pushing eccentric wheel to rotate, the pushing eccentric wheel is provided with a pushing surface which is used for being matched with the bottom of the beam body in a pushing mode so that a bonding connection surface is separated from the bottom of the beam body, and the pushing eccentric wheel is provided with a low position lower than the bonding connection surface and a high position higher than the bonding connection surface in the rotating process so that the pushing surface is matched with the bottom of the beam body in a pushing mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the practical use condition, the beam body generates the maximum deflection value at the maximum deflection value, but because the stress structures at the two ends of the beam body are not necessarily completely symmetrical, the deflection deformation values generated at the two sides of the beam body are possibly different by taking the maximum deflection value as the center. The deflection measuring device is positioned at the bottom of the beam body and does not depend on the ground, so that the deflection measuring device is irrelevant to the flatness of the ground, and is not arranged on the upper side of the beam body, so that the deflection measuring device is not influenced by an asphalt layer and a load position, and can accurately measure the deflection value of the beam body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of example 1 of the deflection measuring method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the level of FIG. 1 in cooperation with a level holder;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the level in FIG. 2 in cooperation with a spindle;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view taken at A in FIG. 2;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of measurement after a load is applied to the object to be inspected in fig. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the level and drone combination of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the measurement of a beam to be inspected after a load is applied thereto in example 2 of the deflection measuring method of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of measurement after a load is applied to a beam body to be inspected in example 3 of the deflection measuring method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1 of the deflection measuring method is shown in fig. 1 to 6: the deflection measuring device is arranged on the detected beam body, the deflection measuring device comprises a leveling instrument 1 and a measuring component which are hung on the lower side of the detected beam body, the leveling instrument is used for detecting the height of the measuring component, the measuring component comprises a first measuring component 4 and a second measuring component 13 which are arranged at two ends of the beam body and a third measuring component 3 which is arranged at the maximum deflection of the beam body, the leveling instrument is arranged between the first measuring component and the third measuring component, when the upper side of the detected beam body is not loaded, the level gauge measures the height h1 of the first measuring component, the height h2 of the second measuring component and the height h3 of the third measuring component, after a load is applied to the upper side of the middle part of the detected beam body, the level gauge measures the height H1 of the first measurement member, the height H2 of the second measurement member, the height H3 of the third measurement member, the maximum deflection value of the beam body = (H3-H1)/2 + (H3-H2)/2. Item 30 in the figure indicates a rubber mount supporting the beam body.
In order to facilitate the level to measure the height of each measuring component, the level is connected with the bottom of a beam body of a detected beam body through a level support 2, a rotating shaft with a rotating axis extending along the vertical direction and a rotating shaft driving mechanism for driving the rotating shaft to rotate are arranged on the level support 2, the level is fixed on the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft driving mechanism is a speed reduction motor, and the rotating shaft is driven to rotate through the rotating shaft driving mechanism, so that the level can measure the height of a first measuring component towards the first measuring component and can also measure the height of a second measuring component towards the second measuring component. The rotating shaft comprises a mounting arm 33, a vertical shaft 31 in rotating fit with the level support 2, a connecting arm 35 arranged in parallel with the mounting arm, and a vertical arm 32 connected between the mounting arm 33 and the connecting arm 35, the mounting arm 33, the vertical arm 32 and the connecting arm 35 form a C-shaped structure, and the level 1 is fixed at the upper end of the mounting arm 33.
The first measuring component, the second measuring component and the third measuring component are suspension hammers with scales on the periphery, and the suspension hammers are made of indium steel materials. The hanging hammer is fixed at the bottom of the detected beam body through a hanging hammer support 5, and the hanging hammer is connected with the hanging hammer support through a hanging rope. For the connection of the suspension hammer support, the level support and the bottom of the beam body, the suspension hammer support, the level support and the bottom of the beam body are connected by adopting the same structure, and the detailed description is only carried out on the specific structure of the level support 2.
The level gauge support 2 comprises a support body 34, and the upper end surface of the support body 34 is an adhesive connection surface 11 for being adhesively connected with the bottom surface of the beam body. The left shoulder and the right shoulder of support body are provided with mounting groove 7, all be provided with the storage capsule 8 that is used for storing the glue solution in each mounting groove, the upper end of storing the capsule 8 is higher than bonded joint face 11 and is used for being extruded by the roof beam body bottom surface, be connected with the glue solution passageway on the storage capsule, the glue solution passageway is including being located the glue solution on the bonded joint face and going out 10 and connecting glue solution and exit 10 and the connection channel 12 that stores up the capsule 8, the glue solution is gone out 10 and is big tripe hole down, be provided with breakable membrane 9 on the glue solution passageway, breakable membrane 9 sets up in this embodiment in the orifice department that the glue. In this embodiment, there are two sets of glue outlet holes 10, each glue outlet hole set includes a plurality of glue outlet holes, and each glue outlet hole in the same glue outlet hole set is connected to a corresponding capsule through a connecting channel 12.
The mounting groove 7 is further rotatably provided with a pushing eccentric wheel 6, the pushing eccentric wheel is driven by a motor, the pushing eccentric wheel is provided with a pushing surface 21 which is used for being matched with the bottom surface of the beam body in a pushing mode so that the bonding connection surface is separated from the bottom surface of the beam body, and the pushing eccentric wheel 6 is provided with a low position lower than the bonding connection surface and a high position higher than the bonding connection surface in the rotating process so that the pushing surface is matched with the measured piece in a pushing mode. And at the angle shown in fig. 2, the pushing eccentric wheel 6 on the left side rotates clockwise, and the pushing eccentric wheel on the right side rotates anticlockwise, so that the leveling instrument support can be pushed and separated from the bottom surface of the beam body. The glue solution outlet 10 is a big-belly hole structure with a small upper part and a big lower part, the breakable membrane 9 is arranged at the hole opening of the glue solution outlet 10, so that the breakable membrane can be torn by pressure, after the glue solution is solidified, the solidified glue solution, namely the bonding structure, is filled on the glue solution outlet and the bonding connection surface, the stopping force of the small upper part and the big lower part is provided between the solidified glue solution level supports besides the bonding force, when the level is separated from the bottom of the beam body, the bonding structure is separated from the bottom of the beam body along with the level support, and the problem that the bottom of the beam body needs to be cleaned again by high-altitude operation due to the fact that the bonding structure.
In the actual bridge, the downside that has a lot of bridges all is water, can't set up conventional ground elevating system, can't send the bottom of bridge with the staff, even can set up elevating system some places, high altitude construction also is a challenge to staff's psychology. In order to completely liberate workers, the glue coating fixation and the removal of the leveling instrument support and the suspension hammer support are set to be in an automatic mode, so that the installation of the leveling instrument and the suspension hammer can be completed by means of some jacking mechanisms. For example, the leveling instrument support is fixed at the bottom of the beam 19 by the unmanned aerial vehicle 17, as shown in fig. 7, a support frame 16 is placed at the top of a shell 18 of the unmanned aerial vehicle, a positioning groove 22 is formed at the top of the support frame, the leveling instrument support is placed in the positioning groove 22, the unmanned aerial vehicle drives the whole leveling instrument to fly upwards until the bonding surface is contacted with the bottom surface of the beam, in the process, the capsule is pressed, the pressure of glue liquid in the connecting channel is increased, the breakable membrane is broken, the glue liquid flows to the whole bonding surface through the orifice, so that the bonding surface is fixed with the bottom of the beam, the glue liquid outlet is a big belly hole, on one hand, the breakable membrane can be broken smoothly, in addition, after the glue liquid is solidified, the glue liquid and the big belly hole form a stop structure, the fixing strength of the leveling instrument support and the beam can be guaranteed, the glue liquid is preferably quick, the glue solution can reach 85% of the curing strength only by pushing the unmanned aerial vehicle for 5-30 seconds, and then the unmanned aerial vehicle can be evacuated and can reach 100% of the curing strength of the glue solution after standing for one day. After detecting, motor drive pushes away the eccentric wheel and rotates, thereby pushes away the eccentric wheel and pushes away the separation that the roof beam body realized surveyor's level support and roof beam body, and the surveyor's level drops, can catch the surveyor's level through the string bag, prevents that the surveyor's level from breaking, perhaps accepts the surveyor's level with unmanned aerial vehicle earlier, pushes away the eccentric wheel and moves again, takes off the surveyor's level by pushing up on the roof beam body.
When no load is applied to the upper side of the maximum deflection value of the detected beam body, the heights of the first measuring component, the second measuring component and the third measuring component are measured by the level gauge and are respectively h1, h2 and h3, when a load is applied to the upper side of the position with the maximum deflection value of the detected beam body, the bridge can generate deflection deformation, and the height of the first measuring component and the height of the second measuring component measured by the level are H1, H2 and H3, H1-H3 is equivalent to the height difference of one end of the bridge relative to the maximum deflection deformation position when the beam body is subjected to deflection deformation, H2-H3 is equivalent to the height difference of the other end of the bridge relative to the maximum deflection deformation position when the beam body is subjected to deflection deformation, as shown in figure 5, because the two sides of the beam body are stressed unevenly, the deflection deformation curves generated on the two sides of the bridge are not completely consistent, therefore, the maximum deflection value of the beam body can be accurately obtained by adopting an average algorithm (H3-H1)/2 + (H3-H2)/2. The position of the maximum flexibility value of the detected beam body is a known position. The item 50 in the figure represents the deflection deformation curve of the beam body, namely the bottom surface curve of the beam body.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the pushing eccentric wheel may not be disposed in the mounting groove, for example, the pushing eccentric wheel is disposed on the side surface of the support body; the glue solution channel can also be arranged on the capsule only, for example, the capsule is provided with a glue outlet, the breakable membrane is arranged at the glue outlet, the glue outlet forms the glue solution channel, when the capsule is extruded, the breakable membrane is broken, and the glue solution is sprayed to the bonding connection surface through the glue outlet.
Example 2 of the deflection measuring method is shown in fig. 7: the deflection measuring device is arranged on the detected beam body, the deflection measuring device comprises a level gauge 1 and a measuring component, the level gauge is hung on the lower side of the detected beam body, the level gauge is used for detecting the height of the measuring component, and the difference from the embodiment 1 is that:
the level 1 is arranged at one end of a detected beam body, the measuring parts comprise a first measuring part 4 arranged at the maximum deflection value of the beam body and a second measuring part 3 arranged at the other end of the beam body, when the upper side of the detected beam body is not loaded, the level measures the height H1 of the first measuring part 4 and the height H2 of the second measuring part 3, after the upper side of the middle part of the detected beam body is loaded, the level measures the height H1 of the first measuring part and the height H2 of the second measuring part, and then the maximum deflection value of the beam body is = (H1-H1)/2 + (H1-H2)/2. The item 50 in the figure represents the deflection deformation curve of the beam body, namely the bottom surface curve of the beam body.
Example 3 of deflection measuring method as shown in fig. 8, a deflection measuring apparatus including a level 1 suspended on the lower side of a body to be inspected and a measuring member is provided on the body to be inspected, and the level is used for detecting the height of the measuring member, and is different from example 1 in that:
the level 1 is arranged at the maximum deflection value of the beam body, the measuring parts comprise a first measuring part 4 and a second measuring part 3 which are arranged at two ends of the beam body, when the upper side of the detected beam body is not loaded, the level measures the height H1 of the first measuring part and the height H2 of the second measuring part, after the upper side of the middle part of the detected beam body is loaded, the level measures the height H1 of the first measuring part and the height H2 of the second measuring part, and then the maximum deflection value of the beam body is = (H1-H1)/2 + (H2-H2)/2.
Claims (7)
1. A method for measuring the deflection of a bridge is characterized in that a deflection measuring device is arranged on a detected beam body, the deflection measuring device comprises a level gauge and a measuring component which are hung on the lower side of the detected beam body, the level gauge is used for detecting the height of the measuring component, the arrangement forms of the deflection measuring device are three types,
1) the leveling instrument is arranged at one end of the detected beam body, the measuring part comprises a first measuring part arranged at the maximum deflection value of the beam body and a second measuring part arranged at the other end of the beam body, when the upper side of the detected beam body is not loaded, the leveling instrument measures the height H1 of the first measuring part and the height H2 of the second measuring part, after the upper side of the middle part of the detected beam body is loaded, the leveling instrument measures the height H1 of the first measuring part and the height H2 of the second measuring part, and then the maximum deflection value of the beam body is = (H1-H1)/2 + (H1-H2)/2;
2) the leveling instrument is arranged at the maximum deflection value of the beam body, the measuring parts comprise a first measuring part and a second measuring part which are arranged at two ends of the beam body, when the upper side of the detected beam body is not loaded, the leveling instrument measures the height H1 of the first measuring part and the height H2 of the second measuring part, after the upper side of the middle part of the detected beam body is loaded, the leveling instrument measures the height H1 of the first measuring part and the height H2 of the second measuring part, and then the maximum deflection value of the beam body is = (H1-H1)/2 + (H2-H2)/2;
3) the measuring component comprises a first measuring component, a second measuring component and a third measuring component, the first measuring component and the second measuring component are arranged at two ends of the beam body, the level gauge is arranged between the first measuring component and the third measuring component or between the second measuring component and the third measuring component, when the upper side of the beam body to be detected is not loaded, the level gauge measures the height H1 of the first measuring component and the height H2 of the second measuring component, the height of the third measuring component is H3, after the load is applied to the upper side of the middle of the beam body to be detected, the level gauge measures the height H1 of the first measuring component, the height H2 of the second measuring component and the height of the third measuring component is H3, and then the maximum deflection value of the beam body is = (H3-H1)/2 + (H3-H2)/2.
2. The deflection measuring method according to claim 1, wherein: the measuring part is a suspension hammer with scales on the periphery.
3. The deflection measuring method according to claim 1, wherein: the surveyor's level passes through the surveyor's level support and links to each other with roof beam body bottom, is provided with the pivot that the axis of rotation extends along upper and lower direction and drives pivot pivoted pivot actuating mechanism on the surveyor's level support, and the surveyor's level is fixed in the pivot.
4. The deflection measuring method of claim 3, wherein: the surveyor's level support includes the support body, and support body upper end has and is used for the bonding connection face that links to each other with the bonding of roof beam body bottom, is provided with on the support body and stores up the capsule, and the upper end of storing up the capsule is higher than the bonding connection face and is used for roof beam body bottom extrusion, store up be connected with on the capsule be used for to the bonding connection face send the glue solution passageway of glue solution, is provided with the breakable membrane on the glue solution passageway.
5. The deflection measuring method of claim 4, wherein: the glue solution channel comprises a glue solution outlet hole positioned on the bonding connection surface and a connection channel for connecting the glue solution outlet hole and the capsule storage.
6. The deflection measuring method of claim 5, wherein: the glue solution outlet is a big belly hole with a small upper part and a big lower part, and the breakable membrane is arranged at the hole of the glue solution outlet.
7. The deflection measuring method of claim 4, wherein: the support body is provided with a pushing eccentric wheel in a rotating mode, the support body is further provided with a driving motor for driving the pushing eccentric wheel to rotate, the pushing eccentric wheel is provided with a pushing surface which is used for being matched with the bottom of the beam body in a pushing mode so that a bonding connection surface is separated from the bottom of the beam body, and the pushing eccentric wheel is provided with a low position lower than the bonding connection surface and a high position higher than the bonding connection surface in the rotating process so that the pushing surface is matched with the bottom of the beam body in a pushing mode.
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| CN202010508738.4A CN111665005B (en) | 2020-06-06 | 2020-06-06 | Deflection measurement method of bridge |
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