CN217528658U

CN217528658U - Broken dewatering device of rubbish

Info

Publication number: CN217528658U
Application number: CN202221637292.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李岚; 张成波; 张显潮; 张继琳; 刘景祎; 朱喜
Original assignee: BMEI Co Ltd
Current assignee: BMEI Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-06-28
Filing date: 2022-06-28
Publication date: 2022-10-04
Anticipated expiration: 2032-06-28

Abstract

The utility model discloses a garbage crushing and dehydrating device, which comprises a crushing cavity, a buffer cavity and an extrusion cavity which are sequentially communicated; the crushing cavity is internally provided with a crushing unit for shearing and crushing the garbage; a push head is arranged in the extrusion cavity and used for applying high pressure to the garbage in the extrusion cavity so as to dehydrate the crushed garbage; and the other surfaces of the extrusion cavity except the surface connected with the buffer cavity are provided with extrusion sieve plates, so that the dehydrated slurry is discharged from sieve holes of the extrusion sieve plates. The utility model has the advantages that: by integrating crushing and extrusion, the functions of crushing, dewatering, pulping and the like are realized on one machine, the number of equipment is effectively reduced, and the occupied area is reduced; meanwhile, the garbage is dehydrated by adopting a high-pressure extrusion mode, so that the water content of the kitchen garbage or the kitchen garbage is effectively reduced, and the feeding requirement of an incineration system is met.

Description

Broken dewatering device of rubbish

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a refuse treatment technical field particularly, relates to a broken dewatering device of rubbish.

Background

At present, a pretreatment production line for household garbage, kitchen garbage or kitchen garbage needs a crusher, a pulping machine, a dehydrator, a chain conveying screw and the like, and has the defects of large equipment quantity, large occupied area and the like.

Meanwhile, the dewatering technology adopted by the dewatering machine is generally vibration dewatering, screw extrusion dewatering or centrifugal dewatering technology, the moisture content of the materials obtained by the three dewatering technologies is about 75%, a large amount of oil-containing water and organic matters cannot be extracted, and the requirements of pretreatment of kitchen or kitchen waste cannot be met; the moisture content of the solid finally obtained is high, and a large amount of combustion heat is consumed for moisture evaporation after the solid enters an incineration system.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the problems of large quantity of pretreatment equipment and unsatisfactory dehydration effect of household garbage, kitchen garbage or kitchen garbage, the utility model aims to provide a garbage crushing and dehydrating device.

The utility model provides a garbage crushing and dehydrating device, which comprises a crushing cavity, a buffer cavity and an extrusion cavity which are sequentially communicated;

a crushing unit is arranged in the crushing cavity and used for shearing and crushing the garbage;

a push head is arranged in the extrusion cavity and used for applying high pressure to the garbage in the extrusion cavity so as to dehydrate the crushed garbage;

and the other surfaces of the extrusion cavity except the surface connected with the buffer cavity are provided with extrusion sieve plates, so that the dehydrated slurry is discharged from sieve holes of the extrusion sieve plates.

As a further improvement, a liquid collecting tank is arranged below the extrusion cavity, and a liquid outlet is arranged at the bottom end of the liquid collecting tank.

As a further improvement, the extrusion chamber is kept away from the one end of the pushing head is equipped with a discharge port and a discharge gate, the discharge gate is located the upstream direction of the discharge port.

As the utility model discloses further improvement, the ejection of compact flashboard includes putty portion and ejection of compact portion, after rubbish extrusion, ejection of compact portion with the discharge gate intercommunication makes solid waste follow the discharge gate is discharged.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the crushing unit includes a plurality of moving fluted discs and a plurality of fixed blade disc, just moving fluted disc with fixed blade disc interval sets up.

As a further improvement, the extrusion sieve plate is provided with a plurality of regions, and the apertures of the sieve pores in each region are different.

As a further improvement, the utility model extrudes the garbage in the cavity in the extruded direction, and the aperture size of the sieve mesh is gradually increased.

As a further improvement, the pusher is connected with the extrusion hydraulic cylinder through a push rod, and the discharge gate is connected with the discharge gate hydraulic cylinder.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the extrusion pneumatic cylinder with ejection of compact flashboard pneumatic cylinder is connected with hydraulic tank through hydraulic oil pump respectively.

As a further improvement, the utility model also comprises a cooler which is communicated with the hydraulic oil pump.

The utility model has the advantages that: by integrating crushing and extrusion, the functions of crushing, dewatering, pulping and the like are realized on one machine, the number of equipment is effectively reduced, and the occupied area is reduced; meanwhile, the garbage is dehydrated by adopting a high-pressure extrusion mode, so that the water content of the kitchen garbage or the kitchen garbage is effectively reduced, and the feeding requirement of an incineration system is met.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a garbage crushing and dewatering device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a top view of a garbage crushing and dewatering device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of the working state of a discharge gate in a garbage crushing and dewatering device according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein a is a state diagram of the discharge gate during the garbage extrusion process, and b is a state diagram of the discharge gate after the garbage extrusion process is finished;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a pressing sieve plate in the garbage crushing and dewatering device according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a cooler and a hydraulic oil pump in the garbage crushing and dewatering device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, the position of the first and second end faces,

1. a feed inlet; 2. a crushing unit; 201. a movable fluted disc; 202. fixing a cutter head; 3. a buffer chamber; 4. an extrusion chamber; 5. extruding the sieve plate; 6. a discharge port; 7. a discharge gate plate; 701. a material blocking part; 702. a discharge part; 8. a liquid collecting tank; 9. a liquid outlet; 10. pushing the head; 11. a push rod; 12. a hydraulic oil tank; 13. an extrusion hydraulic cylinder; 14. a discharge gate hydraulic cylinder; 15. a cooler; 16. a hydraulic oil pump.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back … …) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the motion situation, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indication is changed accordingly.

In addition, in the description of the present invention, the terms used are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used to specify the presence of stated elements, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements, steps, operations, and/or components. The terms "first," "second," and the like may be used to describe various elements, not necessarily order, and not necessarily limit the elements. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. These and/or other aspects will become apparent and those skilled in the art will more readily appreciate the description of the embodiments of the present invention presented in conjunction with the following drawings. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the embodiments of the invention. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated in the present application may be employed without departing from the principles of the invention.

In related documents, the domestic conventional kitchen waste treatment route is as follows: sorting, crushing, pulping and removing impurities; the conventional kitchen waste treatment route is as follows: sorting out large pieces, crushing, sieving and secondary crushing. The key influencing the subsequent anaerobic system in the conventional process production line is dehydration, impurity removal and pulping. At present, the domestic conventional dehydration technologies comprise vibration dehydration, screw extrusion dehydration, centrifugal dehydration and the like, and professional dehydration equipment for household garbage, kitchen garbage and garbage is not common. The water content of the materials obtained by the three dehydration technologies is still about 75 percent, a large amount of oil-containing water and organic matters cannot be extracted, and the requirements of pretreatment of kitchen and kitchen waste cannot be met. The final solid has high water content, and the water is evaporated after entering the incineration system to consume a large amount of combustion heat, so the economy is not high. The common pretreatment process growth line needs a crusher, a pulping machine, a dehydrator, a connecting conveying screw and the like, the number of equipment is large, the occupied area is large, and the operation and the matching are complex.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a garbage crushing and dehydrating device, which comprises a crushing cavity, a buffer cavity 3 and an extrusion cavity 4 which are communicated in sequence;

a crushing unit 2 is arranged in the crushing cavity and used for shearing and crushing the garbage;

a push head 10 is arranged in the extrusion cavity 4 and is used for applying high pressure to the garbage in the extrusion cavity 4 so as to dehydrate the crushed garbage;

the other surfaces of the extrusion cavity 4 except the surface connected with the buffer cavity 3 are provided with extrusion sieve plates 5, and the slurry after dehydration is discharged from sieve holes of the extrusion sieve plates 5.

By way of example, as shown in fig. 1, the buffer chamber 3 is located between the crushing chamber and the pressing chamber 4. The upper end of the crushing cavity is provided with a feeding hole 1, the lower part of the crushing cavity is provided with a crushing unit 2, and garbage to be crushed enters the crushing cavity from the feeding hole 1 and is sheared and crushed by the crushing unit 2; the buffer cavity 3 is positioned below the crushing unit 2, the garbage crushed by the crushing unit 2 enters the extrusion cavity 4 through the buffer cavity 3 for extrusion dehydration, and the push head 10 applies high pressure to the garbage in the extrusion cavity 4 under hydraulic drive, so that moisture in the garbage can be extruded out; on the other hand, the high pressure can also carry out secondary crushing on fragile or fragile garbage, and extruded moisture and smaller garbage slurry after secondary crushing can be discharged from sieve holes of the extrusion sieve plate 5, so that the processes of crushing, dehydrating, pulping and the like of the kitchen garbage or kitchen garbage are completed by one machine. When the pushing head 10 extrudes the garbage in the extrusion cavity 4, the pushing head 10 separates the buffer cavity 3 from the extrusion cavity 4, the buffer cavity 3 can temporarily store the crushed garbage to realize continuous feeding of the device without stopping, and when the pushing head 10 returns, the buffer cavity 3 is communicated with the extrusion cavity 4, and the garbage temporarily stored in the buffer cavity 3 can enter the extrusion cavity 4 for subsequent treatment.

In an alternative embodiment, a liquid collecting tank 8 is arranged below the extrusion chamber 4, and a liquid outlet 9 is arranged at the bottom end of the liquid collecting tank 8. As shown in fig. 1, a collecting tank 8 is provided below the crushing chamber 4 along the longitudinal direction of the crushing screen plate 5, and moisture and the waste slurry flowing out of the screen holes of the crushing screen plate 5 are collected by the collecting tank 8 and discharged from a discharge port 9.

In an alternative embodiment, the end of the extrusion chamber 4 away from the push head 10 is provided with a discharge port 6 and a discharge gate 7, and the discharge gate 7 is located upstream of the discharge port 6. As shown in fig. 1-2, a discharge port 6 is provided at the left end of the extrusion chamber 4, and a discharge gate plate 7 is provided at the right side of the discharge port 6 to close or open the discharge port 6. Optionally, the discharge gate 7 includes a blocking portion 701 and a discharge portion 702, and when the pushing head 10 extrudes and dehydrates the garbage in the extrusion cavity 4, the blocking portion 701 faces the discharge hole 6 to block the discharge hole 6; after the garbage in the extrusion cavity 4 is fully extruded and dehydrated, the discharging part 702 is opposite to the discharging port 6, so that the extrusion cavity 4 is communicated with the discharging port 6, the garbage continues to advance towards the discharging port 6 through the pushing head 10, and the fully dehydrated solid garbage is discharged from the discharging port 6.

For example, as shown in fig. 3, the discharging shutter 7 is a plate with a hollow-out lower portion, wherein the hollow-out lower portion is a discharging portion 702, and the hollow-out upper portion is a blocking portion 701. When the dewatered garbage needs to be discharged out of the extrusion cavity 4, the hollow part at the lower part is communicated with the discharge hole 6; when the pushing head 10 extrudes and dehydrates the garbage in the extrusion cavity 4, the discharge hole 6 is blocked by the part of which the upper part is not provided with the hollow part. It can be understood that the discharge gate 7 is driven by hydraulic pressure, and when the extrusion cavity 4 is discharged, the hydraulic pressure of the discharge gate 7 is in a pressurized state (as shown in fig. 3 a); when the garbage in the extrusion cavity 4 is dehydrated, the hydraulic pressure of the discharge gate plate 7 is in a pressure relief state (as shown in fig. 3 b).

In an optional embodiment, the crushing unit 2 includes a plurality of movable cutter disks 201 and a plurality of fixed cutter disks 202, and the movable cutter disks 201 and the fixed cutter disks 202 are arranged at intervals. Optionally, the crushing unit 2 includes two sets of counter-rotating moving cutter discs 201 and a set of fixed cutter discs 202. Two sets of counter-rotating pair-roller movable cutter fluted discs 201 and a set of fixed cutter discs 202 are fixed on a rotating shaft at intervals, the rotating shaft is connected with an external motor, the movable cutter fluted discs 201 and the fixed cutter discs 202 are driven to rotate by the motor, so that the materials wrapped by the plastic tablecloth and the plastic bag are broken, and the garbage materials are broken into particles with the particle size of below 50mm under the action of differential movable cutters.

In an alternative embodiment, the press screen plate 5 is provided with a plurality of zones, the mesh size of the individual zones being different. Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the extrusion screen plate 5 is provided with two zones, the aperture of the screen hole of the first zone is 5mm, and the aperture of the screen hole of the second zone is 8mm. More preferably, the size of the holes of the sieve holes gradually increases along the direction in which the garbage in the extrusion cavity 4 is extruded. For example, the aperture of the extrusion sieve plate 5 gradually increases along the extrusion cavity 4 from the right to the left, the aperture of the sieve pore near the left region is 8mm, and the aperture of the sieve pore near the right region is 5mm, so that the rigidity of the extrusion sieve plate 5 is ensured, and meanwhile, along with the process of extrusion dehydration, the garbage materials are harder to dehydrate, the free water extruded at the beginning can be discharged from a smaller aperture, and the thick slurry extruded subsequently can be discharged from a larger aperture.

In an alternative embodiment, the pusher head 10 is connected to a ram hydraulic cylinder 13 via a push rod 11, the discharge gate 7 is connected to a discharge gate hydraulic cylinder 14, and the ram hydraulic cylinder 13 and the discharge gate hydraulic cylinder 14 are connected to a hydraulic oil tank 12 via hydraulic oil pumps 16.

For example, as shown in fig. 1-2, the hydraulic oil tank 12, the squeeze hydraulic cylinder 13, the discharge gate hydraulic cylinder 14 and the hydraulic oil pump 16 are integrated as a hydraulic unit with the crushing chamber, the buffer chamber 3, the squeeze chamber 4 and the liquid collecting tank 8, and thus a hydraulic station is not required to be separately arranged, and the floor space of the equipment is saved. Under the action of the hydraulic oil pump 16, hydraulic oil respectively enters and exits the extrusion hydraulic cylinder 13 or the discharge gate plate hydraulic cylinder 14, so that the pushing head 10 and the discharge gate plate 7 move forward and backward. The hydraulic oil tank 12 is provided above the squeeze cylinder 13, and the hydraulic oil pump 16 is provided below the squeeze cylinder 13.

In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the apparatus further includes a cooler 15, the cooler 15 is communicated with the hydraulic oil pump 16, the hydraulic oil pump 16 delivers the hydraulic oil to the cooler 15, and the hydraulic oil is cooled by the cooler 15.

A broken dewatering device of rubbish's work flow do: garbage materials are fed into the crushing cavity from the feeding hole 1, and then the garbage is crushed to be below 50mm in particle size through the movable fluted disc 201 and the fixed fluted disc 202 in the crushing unit 2; the crushed garbage enters the extrusion cavity 4 through the buffer cavity 3, the push head 10 is driven by the extrusion hydraulic cylinder 13 to move towards the discharge hole 6, the garbage in the extrusion cavity 4 is subjected to extrusion dehydration and secondary crushing, and the water phase and fragile organic matters which are extruded and separated are discharged from sieve holes of the extrusion sieve plate 5; the liquid collecting tank 8 collects the water phase and the fragile organic slurry and discharges the slurry from the liquid outlet 9 to finish subsequent pulping; after extrusion dehydration is finished, the discharging gate plate 7 moves upwards under the driving of the discharging gate plate hydraulic cylinder 14, so that the discharging part 702 is communicated with the discharging port 6, and solid materials which are not fragile in the extrusion cavity 4, such as bones, paper shells, chopsticks or plastic boxes, are discharged from the discharging port 6, so that the processes of crushing, dehydrating and pulping kitchen waste or kitchen waste are completed.

The water and organic matters in the kitchen waste are separated more, so that grease is conveniently removed, and the influence of plastics and grease on a subsequent wet anaerobic system is reduced. The solid-liquid separation of the kitchen waste is realized through extrusion, the water content of the kitchen waste is reduced, and the requirements of dry anaerobic solid content or incineration feeding water content are met. Through high-pressure static extrusion and the control of the aperture of the extrusion sieve plate, the obtained slurry has small granularity, less impurities, less water content of discharged dry materials than 60 percent, less organic matter loss, good quality of the slurry, modularized equipment and convenient maintenance.

In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. It is understood, however, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.

Moreover, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that although some embodiments described herein include some features included in other embodiments, not other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that while the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A garbage crushing and dehydrating device is characterized by comprising a crushing cavity, a buffer cavity and an extrusion cavity which are sequentially communicated;

the crushing cavity is internally provided with a crushing unit for shearing and crushing the garbage;

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a sump is provided below said pressing chamber, said sump having a liquid outlet at a bottom end thereof.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein an end of the extrusion chamber remote from the pusher head is provided with a discharge port and a discharge gate, the discharge gate being located upstream of the discharge port.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said discharge gate comprises a blanking portion and a discharge portion, said discharge portion being in communication with said discharge port for discharging solid waste from said discharge port when the extrusion of waste is complete.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the crushing unit comprises a plurality of moving cutter toothed discs and a plurality of fixed cutter discs, and the moving cutter toothed discs and the fixed cutter discs are arranged at intervals.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the screen plate is provided with a plurality of zones, each zone having a different mesh size.

7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the size of the holes of the screen is gradually increased along the direction in which the garbage is pressed in the pressing chamber.

8. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the pusher head is coupled to a ram cylinder by a push rod, and wherein the discharge gate is coupled to a discharge gate cylinder.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the squeeze cylinder and the discharge ram cylinder are connected to a hydraulic tank by hydraulic oil pumps, respectively.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a cooler in communication with the hydraulic oil pump.