CN217484070U - Shear loading test system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a shear loading test system. The system comprises a square outer frame, a bidirectional loading support, a hydraulic loading device and a test piece base; the bidirectional loading support comprises a support frame arranged along the diagonal line of the outer frame and an upper loading frame and a lower loading frame which are respectively arranged on the support frame, one end of the support frame is arranged at one of the vertex angles of the square frame body through a rotating shaft, and the other end of the support frame is provided with a connecting component fixed at the diagonal angle of the vertex angles. The hydraulic loading device comprises an oil hydraulic pump and an upper loading jack and a lower loading jack which are respectively arranged on an upper loading frame and a lower loading frame. The utility model discloses in test device and method can reduce the wall body and receive accidental factors influences such as environment, artificial in experimental processing process, improve the degree of accuracy and the test efficiency of test result, can provide more comprehensive experimental study parameter for in the research such as the tight heavy old district reinforcement of task of time, have good economy and social.

Description

Shear loading test system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a structure professional test field is built in the room specifically is a shear load test system, mainly used fast and in succession big batch to adopt the test piece of mode such as building by laying bricks or stones to carry out the research of anti shear capacity performance.

Background

In recent years, related departments in China issue files for implementing related units in aspects of earthquake prevention, disaster reduction, shed house area reconstruction and the like, the overall requirements and the regulation range of the reconstruction are introduced in detail, and the distribution of the files raises the heat tide of old masonry house reconstruction projects from the center to the places. In China, almost all urban areas of large and medium-sized cities have old urban areas, and in order to accelerate urban construction and improve urban environment, many cities begin construction and reinforcement projects of the old urban areas. The large-scale reinforcement project relates to the research of a plurality of parameters, wherein the research of the shear bearing capacity of the wall is an important parameter, and the research of the shear bearing capacity of the wall before and after reinforcement is related. In order to accelerate the test progress and accurately and pertinently research the shear resistance of the wall, the research on the shear resistance of the wall can be carried out according to the diagonal loading shear test method expressed in the American national standard ASTM E519-2015.

The existing diagonal loading shear test method aiming at the shear-resisting bearing capacity of the wall body is to vertically place the diagonal of a test piece on a large-scale compression testing machine, and the test method needs to be transported by a crane each time, thereby wasting time and labor. Meanwhile, the existing test method mainly adopts in-situ single-end loading, namely, a test is carried out by applying a load at one end of a test piece, when the single end is loaded, a larger edge load is easily generated at the loaded corner of the test piece, and premature cleavage damage can be caused under the action of the load, so that the test method has larger test data error for the research on the shearing resistance bearing capacity of the test piece, and the test damage phenomenon is insufficient; moreover, the existing test device needs to be reinstalled before each test, and needs to be completely disassembled and then repeated to the next test piece after the test is finished, so that the steps are complex, and the physical consumption is large; the test pieces are subjected to more accidental factors such as environment, human factors and the like in the treatment process, so that each group of tests of the same type at least needs to meet more than 3 test pieces to ensure the accuracy of the tests, so that a large number of test pieces are generated by more research variables in the test, and if an original test scheme is adopted to repeatedly disassemble in each test, the test progress is too slow, and a large amount of resources such as manpower and the like are wasted.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model discloses the problem to exist in the current normal position single-ended diagonal angle shear test method provides a shear load test system and test method, the utility model provides a test method can realize two-way load test, reduces the anti shear bearing capacity test data error of test piece to can realize continuous loading, improve test efficiency, can provide more comprehensive experimental research parameter in the research such as the heavy old district reinforcement of the tight task in time, have good economy and social.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a shear load test system, its characterized in that: the test system comprises a square outer frame, a bidirectional loading support, a hydraulic loading device, a test piece base and a square test piece arranged on the test piece base; the outer frame is positioned outside the test piece and the test piece base, and the diagonal line of the outer frame and the diagonal line of the test piece are positioned on the same straight line; the bidirectional loading support comprises a support frame arranged along the diagonal line of the outer frame, and an upper loading frame and a lower loading frame which are respectively arranged on the support frame, one end of the support frame is arranged at one vertex angle part of the square frame body through a rotating shaft, and the other end of the support frame is provided with a connecting member fixed with the diagonal position of the vertex angle part; the upper loading frame and the lower loading frame respectively comprise a reaction plate and a loading support, the reaction plates are fixedly arranged on the support frame, the loading supports are in sliding connection with the support frame, and the two loading frames are respectively positioned at two diagonal positions of the test piece and are in close contact with the corners of the test piece through the loading supports; the hydraulic loading device comprises an electric oil pressure pump, an upper loading jack and a lower loading jack, the upper loading jack and the lower loading jack are respectively installed on the upper loading frame and the lower loading frame through jack fixing devices, and the electric oil pressure pump is respectively connected with the upper loading jack and the lower loading jack through oil pipes and provides hydraulic power for the upper loading jack and the lower loading jack.

The utility model discloses better technical scheme: the test piece is a square test piece with the side length of 900-1200 mm and the thickness of 200-250 mm; the height of the test piece base is 900-1100 mm, and the length of the test piece base is smaller than the length of a test piece by 180-210 mm; the outer frame comprises two square frames which are arranged in parallel, one sides of the tops of the two square frames are connected into a whole through a first cross rod, the other sides of the two square frames are connected through a rotating shaft, inclined supporting rods are arranged on the upper portions of the two square frames, connected through the rotating shaft, on one side, and are higher than the total height of a test specimen and a specimen base, universal wheels are arranged at the bottoms of the two square frames respectively, and each universal wheel is provided with a brake mechanism.

The utility model discloses further technical scheme: the test system further comprises a winch lifting mechanism, the winch lifting mechanism comprises a winch, a pulley and a lifting steel wire rope, the winch and the pulley are installed at the top of the outer frame, one end of the lifting steel wire rope is connected with the winch, is connected with one end of the support frame, provided with a connecting member, in a parallel winding mode, of the pulley, and drives the support frame to rotate up and down in the outer frame along the rotating shaft.

The utility model discloses better technical scheme: the electric oil pressure pump is connected with the oil distributor through a main oil pipe, the oil distributor is respectively connected with the upper loading jack and the lower loading jack through two oil distribution pipes and used for realizing synchronous actuation of the upper loading jack and the lower loading jack, and a pressure sensor is arranged at the top of the piston end of each jack.

The utility model discloses better technical scheme: the jack fixing devices are provided with two groups and are respectively connected with the reaction plate and the loading support, each group of jack fixing devices comprises two arc-shaped clamping plates which are symmetrically arranged and a screw rod which correspondingly fixes each arc-shaped clamping plate, at least two fixing plates with screw holes are correspondingly welded on the reaction plate and the loading support, one end of the screw rod is provided with a rotating handle, and threads on the screw rod are matched with screw holes in the fixing plates; when the upper loading jack and the lower loading jack are installed, the jacks are arranged between the reaction plate and the loading support, the two sets of jack fixing devices are respectively arranged at the piston end and the cylinder end of the jack to be installed, the two arc-shaped clamping plates of each set of jack fixing device are symmetrically clamped outside the jacks, and each arc-shaped clamping plate penetrates through the corresponding fixing plate through the lead screw and then is tightly jacked to fix the jacks.

The utility model discloses better technical scheme: the supporting frame comprises two symmetrical square rods, and each square rod is provided with a plurality of bolt holes; one end of each square rod is arranged at one vertex angle part of the square frame body through a rotating shaft, the other end of each square rod is connected through a second cross rod, and the end parts of the two square rods, which are provided with the second cross rods, are connected with the diagonal parts of the square frame body through connecting members; and the winch lifting mechanism is connected with the middle part of the second cross rod through a steel wire rope.

The utility model discloses better technical scheme: the reaction plate comprises reaction plate bottom plates, transverse stiffening ribs, longitudinal supporting plates arranged at two ends of the reaction plate bottom plates and fixing holes arranged on the longitudinal supporting plates, each longitudinal supporting plate is provided with two fixing holes with full-wire through inside, the two fixing holes are longitudinally centered and are arranged perpendicular to the reaction plate bottom plates, the hole intervals and the diameters of the two fixing holes are consistent with those of the square rods, steel wheels are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower parts of the longitudinal supporting plates, and the space between the upper steel wheel and the lower steel wheel is matched with the square rods; the two ends of the reaction plate are respectively connected with the upper surface and the lower surface of the two square rods in a sliding mode through steel wheels and are fixedly connected with the square rods through bolts, and when the bolts are taken out, the reaction plate can freely slide on the square rods.

The utility model discloses better technical scheme: the loading support comprises a loading bottom plate and a loading base plate, the loading base plate is two through long flat plates which are 90 degrees, the loading base plate is rigidly fixed on the loading bottom plate, a plurality of stiffening rib plates are arranged between the loading bottom plate and the loading base plate, steel wheels are also symmetrically arranged at two ends of the loading support, an upper group and a lower group are arranged on each side, the upper group is symmetrically arranged on the loading base plate, the lower group is arranged on the loading bottom plate, and the space between the upper group of steel wheels and the lower group of steel wheels is matched with a square rod; and two ends of the loading support are respectively connected with the upper surface and the lower surface of the two square rods in a sliding manner through steel wheels and can freely slide along the square rods.

The utility model discloses better technical scheme: the connecting component comprises lapping grooves arranged at the end parts of the two square rods and a supporting rod arranged on the outer frame, and when the supporting frame rotates to the diagonal line of the outer frame along the rotating shaft, the supporting frame is lapped on the supporting rod through the lapping grooves at the end parts of the supporting frame.

The utility model discloses better technical scheme: a plurality of bolt holes equidistance distribute in the side of square bar, and the inside full silk link up the member, and the diameter and the hole interval of bolt hole are 20 ~ 40 mm.

The utility model is suitable for a structural engineering professional field diagonal angle shear test research is built in room, to a great deal of inconvenient part of standard and current normal position diagonal angle shear test, designs this device.

The utility model has the advantages that:

1. the test device of the utility model comprises a test part and a test frame, wherein the test frame is provided with a diagonal bar support higher than the test piece on the upper part of the short side surface of the frame, and has no other shielding parts, thus realizing the operation of directly crossing the test piece; the loading device can be lifted only by electrically adjusting a small winch, the device group with steel wheels can freely slide to realize the fitting of the support group to the test piece, and the device can be fixed for subsequent loading by penetrating a full-wire through hole in the square rod through a bolt to be connected with a reaction plate; the utility model discloses a loaded purpose in succession, and easy operation is convenient, need dismantle the complicated process of reinstallating when having avoided carrying out next test piece after experimental the completion at every turn for test efficiency has practiced thrift test cost.

2. The utility model provides a two-way loading can be realized to the experimental part, can reduce the test piece through realizing the even synchronous loading in both ends and receive environment, influence of contingency factors such as artificial in experimental processing process, also can reduce simultaneously because of the influence that extra marginal load effect produced too early splitting and destroys, improve the degree of accuracy and the test efficiency of test result, can provide more comprehensive experimental study parameter for the old and old district reinforcement that the tight task of time is heavy among the research, good economy and social have.

3. The bidirectional loading mechanism in the utility model is connected into a whole through the square rod with holes, and the holes on the square rod with holes are internal full-thread through holes, thereby providing temporary fixing positions for the upper and lower reaction plates and the upper and lower loading supports before the jack is installed and when the lifting rod piece is lifted; on the other hand, a counterforce plate is fixed on a proper hole before the test to provide counterforce during loading; meanwhile, the square rod with the hole also provides the function of a reaction plate and a sliding track of the loading support so as to meet the linearity of the loading direction during loading.

4. The utility model discloses an edge department sets up outstanding rim in the little steel wheel on the loading mechanism, can guarantee at the slip in-process, and complete equipment group does not take place the skew along the straight line operation of foraminiferous square bar, does simultaneously and takes turns to and sets up locking means, is convenient for when adjusting foraminiferous square bar and goes up and down, and the device group is fixed motionless.

5. The utility model discloses a frame has universal wheel to configuration wheel lock conveniently carries test device fast travel to experimental test piece department, and the frame is in the locking stable state when guaranteeing test, has avoided carrying through the manpower and has lifted the phenomenon that the device accessory arrived experimental institute, has practiced thrift the cost of labor, has improved experimental speed.

6. The utility model discloses a test device adopts the integration mode, only need change the loading jack of required precision before the experiment can, the device has the jack fixer and can prevent to add the jack aversion when uninstalling, can improve experimental precision.

The utility model discloses a realize that both ends loading and continuous loading can reduce the test piece and receive accidental factors influences such as environment, artificial in experimental processing process, improved the degree of accuracy and the test efficiency of test result, can provide more comprehensive experimental study parameter for the old district that the tight task of time is heavy reinforces in the research such as, have good economy and social.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of the integrated device of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1;

fig. 3 is a side view of the integrated device of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a top view of the loading reaction plate of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a side view of the loading reaction plate of the present invention

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the jack holder of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a front view of the loading support of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a top view of the loading support of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a side view of the loading support of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the state where the device set of the present invention is pushed into the two ends of the square rod with holes;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the lifting state of the square rod with holes and the device set of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the whole set of apparatus structure of the present invention pushing in the next test piece;

fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the test flow in the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the experimental flow in the examples.

In the figure: 1-outer frame, 100-square frame body, 101-first cross bar, 102-diagonal brace, 103-universal wheel, 104-brake mechanism, 2-support frame, 200-rotating shaft, 201-connecting member, 2011-support rod, 2012-lap groove, 202-bolt hole, 203-second cross bar, 204-square bar, 3-upper loading frame, 300-reaction plate, 3001-reaction plate bottom plate, 3002-transverse stiffening rib, 3003-longitudinal support plate, 3004-fixing hole, 301-loading support, 3011-loading bottom plate, 3012-loading pad plate, 3013-stiffening rib plate, 4-lower loading frame, 5-electric oil hydraulic pump, 6-upper loading jack, 7-lower loading jack, 8-jack fixer, 800-arc clamping plate, 801-lead screw, 802-rotating handle, 9-steel wire rope, 10-test piece, 11-winch, 12-pulley, 13-base, 14-main oil pipe, 15-oil separator, 16-oil separation pipe, 17-steel wheel, 18-bolt, 19-pressure sensor, 20-fixed plate.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples. Fig. 1 to 14 are drawings of embodiments, which are drawn in a simplified manner and are only used for the purpose of clearly and concisely illustrating the embodiments of the present invention. The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is presented in the drawings and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally placed when the present invention is used, or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, and are merely for convenience of description of the present invention and for simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the designated device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be further noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; the connection may be direct or indirect via an intermediate medium, and may be a communication between the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.

The embodiment of the utility model provides an in provide a device and test method for diagonal angle shear test in batches, it is right to combine figure and embodiment below the utility model discloses do further explain. Fig. 1 to 10 are drawings of embodiments, which are drawn in a simplified manner and are only used for the purpose of clearly and concisely illustrating the embodiments of the present invention. The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is presented in the drawings and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally placed when the present invention is used, or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, and are merely for convenience of description of the present invention and for simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the designated device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be further noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; the connection may be direct or indirect via an intermediate medium, and may be a communication between the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.

The test piece 10 in the embodiment is a square test piece with the side length of 900-1200 mm and the thickness of 200-250 mm; the shear loading test system provided by the embodiment is shown in fig. 1 to 3, the test system comprises a square outer frame 1, a bidirectional loading support, a hydraulic loading device, a winch lifting mechanism and a test piece base 13, the square outer frame 1 is the same as a test piece 10 in shape, the height of the test piece base 13 is 900-1100 mm, the length of the test piece base 13 is smaller than the length of the test piece 10 by 180-210 mm, and the loading device is generally reserved for about 200mm and is convenient to install. The outer frame 1 comprises two square frame bodies 100 which are arranged in parallel, one sides of the tops of the two square frame bodies 100 are connected into a whole through a first cross rod 101, the other sides of the two square frame bodies 100 are connected through a rotating shaft 200, inclined supporting rods 102 are arranged on the upper portions of the sides, connected through the rotating shaft 200, of the two square frame bodies 100, the height of each inclined supporting rod 102 is higher than the total height of a test piece 10 and a test piece base 13, universal wheels 103 are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the two square frame bodies 100, each universal wheel 103 is provided with a brake mechanism 104, each universal wheel 103 is used for carrying a test device to move, and each brake mechanism 14 can be a wheel lock which is installed on the upper portion of each universal wheel 103 and used for locking the frame to move during a test. The length and the width of the outer frame 1 are set according to the size of the test specimen 10, so that the test is convenient.

In the shear loading test system, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the bidirectional loading bracket includes a support frame 2 disposed along a diagonal line of an outer frame 1, and an upper loading frame 3 and a lower loading frame 4 respectively mounted on the support frame 2. The upper loading frame 3 and the lower loading frame 4 both comprise a reaction plate 300 and a loading support 301, the reaction plate 300 is fixedly arranged on the support frame 2, and the loading support 301 is connected with the support frame 2 in a sliding manner; the hydraulic loading device comprises an electric oil hydraulic pump 5, an upper loading jack 6 and a lower loading jack 7, wherein the upper loading jack 6 and the lower loading jack 7 are respectively installed on an upper loading frame 3 and a lower loading frame 4 through jack fixing devices 8, and two groups of jack fixing devices 8 on each loading frame are respectively connected with a reaction plate 300 and a loading support 301; the electric oil pressure pump 5 is connected with an oil distributor 15 through a main oil pipe 14, the oil distributor is respectively connected with the upper loading jack 6 and the lower loading jack 7 through two oil distribution pipes 16 and provides hydraulic power for the upper loading jack 6 and the lower loading jack 7 to realize synchronous actuation of the upper loading jack 6 and the lower loading jack 7, and a pressure sensor 19 is arranged at the top position of a piston end of each jack. In the loading test process, a test specimen 10 is placed on a specimen base 13, the outer frame 1 is positioned outside the test specimen 10 and the specimen base 13, the diagonal line of the outer frame 1 and the diagonal line of the test specimen 10 are on the same straight line, and the two loading frames 3 are positioned at the two diagonal positions of the test specimen 10 and are respectively in close contact with the corners of the test specimen 10 through the loading supports 301. As shown in fig. 6, each set of jack fixing devices 8 includes two arc-shaped clamping plates 800 symmetrically disposed and a screw rod 801 correspondingly fixing each arc-shaped clamping plate 800, at least two fixing plates 20 with screw holes are correspondingly welded on the reaction plate 300 and the loading support 301, one end of the screw rod 801 is provided with a rotating handle 802, and a thread on the screw rod 801 is matched with an internal thread of the screw hole on the fixing plate 20; when the upper loading jack 6 and the lower loading jack 7 are installed, the jacks are arranged between the reaction plate 300 and the loading support 301, the two sets of jack fixing devices 8 are respectively arranged at the piston end and the cylinder end of the jack to be installed, the two arc-shaped clamping plates 800 of each set of jack fixing device are symmetrically clamped outside the jacks, each arc-shaped clamping plate 800 penetrates through the corresponding fixing plate 20 through the lead screw 801 and then is tightly jacked to fix the jack, the arc-shaped clamping plates 800 keep asynchronous rotation in original positions when the lead screw 801 rotates, the arc-shaped clamping plates 800 and the jack cylinders are perpendicular to each other and need to be wrapped in the jack cylinders, the jack cylinders are used for jacking the jacks to limit transverse dislocation of the jacks during installation and test, and the whole test device is guaranteed to be in a linear state.

In the shear loading test system provided in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the support frame 2 includes two symmetrical square rods 204, each square rod 204 is provided with a plurality of bolt holes 202, the bolt holes 202 are equidistantly distributed on the side surface of the square rod 204, an internal full-wire penetrating rod is provided, the diameters and hole pitches of the bolt holes 202 are 20-40 mm, and the bolt holes are used for connecting a reaction plate of the loading frame by bolts, so that the reaction plate 300 is conveniently fixed; one end of each square rod 204 is arranged at one vertex angle part of the square frame body 100 through the rotating shaft 200, the other end is connected through the second cross rod 203, and the end part of each square rod 204 provided with the second cross rod 203 is connected with the diagonal part of the square frame body 100 through the connecting member 201; the connecting member 201 comprises a lapping groove 2012 arranged at the end parts of the two square rods 204 and a support rod 2011 arranged on the outer frame 1, and when the support frame 2 rotates to the diagonal line of the outer frame 1 along the rotating shaft 200, the support frame 2 is lapped on the support rod 2011 through the lapping groove 2012 at the end part of the support frame 2. The winch lifting mechanism comprises a winch 11, a pulley 12 and a lifting steel wire rope 9, the winch 11 and the pulley 12 are installed at the top of the outer frame 1, one end of the lifting steel wire rope 9 is connected with the winch 11 and is connected with the middle of the second cross rod 203 in a surrounding mode through the pulley 12, and the support frame 2 is driven to rotate up and down in the outer frame 1 along the rotating shaft 200 (as shown in figures 10 to 12).

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the reaction plate 300 in the embodiment includes a reaction plate bottom plate 3001, a transverse stiffener 3002, longitudinal support plates 3003 disposed at two ends of the reaction plate bottom plate 3001, and fixing holes 3004 disposed on the longitudinal support plates 3003, wherein each longitudinal support plate 3003 is provided with two fixing holes 3004 through which the inner part of each longitudinal support plate is completely threaded, the two fixing holes 3004 are longitudinally centered and arranged in a manner of being perpendicular to the reaction plate bottom plate 3001, the hole pitch and diameter of the fixing holes are both identical to that of the square bar 204, the longitudinal support plates 3003 are symmetrically provided with steel wheels 17 from top to bottom, and the space between the upper steel wheel 17 and the lower steel wheel 17 is matched with the square bar 204; the two ends of the reaction plate 300 are slidably connected with the upper and lower surfaces of the two square bars 204 through steel wheels 17 respectively, can move along the square bars 204, and can be fixedly connected with the square bars 204 through bolts 18 after moving to a determined position. The loading support 301 is as shown in fig. 7 to 9, and includes a loading base plate 3011 and a loading pad 3012, the loading pad 3012 is two through-length flat plates at 90 °, and is rigidly fixed on the loading base plate 3011, the loading pad 3012 can just clamp the corner of the main test specimen 10, a plurality of stiffening ribs 3013 are arranged between the loading base plate 3011 and the loading pad 3012, two ends of the loading support 301 are also symmetrically provided with steel wheels 17, each side is provided with an upper group and a lower group, the upper group is symmetrically arranged on the loading pad 3012, the lower group is arranged on the loading base plate 3011, and the space between the upper group and the lower group of steel wheels 17 is matched with the square rod 204; the two ends of the loading support 301 are respectively connected with the upper surface and the lower surface of the two square rods 204 in a sliding manner through steel wheels 17, and can freely slide along the square rods 204. The loading supports 301 are arranged at two diagonal loading positions of the test specimen 10, and can freely slide on the square rod 204 without constraint, so that loading is facilitated.

The utility model discloses during the use, can cut the loading test in succession to a plurality of experimental test pieces, its experimental test piece is a word arrangement with the mode that the minor face is relative, as shown in fig. 13, the test piece base should adopt and arrange towards experimental direction of advance with test piece breach department. The short side distance a of the test piece is preferably more than or equal to 500mm, a plurality of rows of test pieces (200) can be arranged according to the actual test requirement, and the distance b of each row is preferably more than or equal to 1200mm, so that the test installation and the test phenomenon observation are facilitated. All test pieces are named as 1A-1Z, 2A-2Z and the like in turn from near to far according to the distance from the test starting position, and can also be flexibly named according to the test reality, and only the vehicle frame (100) needs to be moved for each test.

The test method of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments, in which the masonry test piece is used as an example, and the shear loading test system is used to continuously perform the shear loading test on a plurality of test pieces. The test pieces in the embodiment are test piece groups with variable reinforcing surface layers, all the test piece groups are brick square test pieces with the side length of 1200mm and the thickness of 240mm when not reinforced, the strength of M2.5 masonry mortar is adopted, the arrangement mode is shown in figure 14, the test piece groups are divided into 4 rows in total, and 25 blocks in each row are taken as examples; the specific test steps are as follows:

s1 test piece placement: taking a masonry type test piece as an example, the test piece is masonry in a strip mode and maintained on a test piece base, the test piece is named according to 1A-1Y-4A-4Y, the transverse distance a of the test piece is 500mm, the row distance b of the test piece is 1200mm, and a measuring sensor required by a test of the test piece is installed before the test.

S2 installation test set: placing an outer frame 1 at a spacious position, placing a wheel lock at a locked state, respectively installing a loading support 301 and a reaction plate 300 of an upper loading frame 3 and a lower loading frame 4 on a square rod 204, placing steel wheels 17 of the loading support 301 and the reaction plate 300 on the upper surface and the lower surface of the square rod 204, enabling the steel wheels to slide up and down along the square rod 204 under the action of external force, fixing the reaction plate 300 through bolts 18, and reserving a space for loading a jack between the loading support 301 and the reaction plate 300; and then selecting two long piston loading jacks matched with the test, installing a pressure sensor at the top of each jack piston, finally installing an upper loading jack 6 between a loading support and a reaction plate of the upper loading frame 3, installing a lower loading jack 7 between the loading support and the reaction plate of the lower loading frame 4, operating an oil pump to push out the loading jack piston by 10mm, and operating jack holders 8 of the upper and lower loading jacks to fix the loading jack to the central part in the loading direction.

S3 initial state of device: respectively moving the upper loading frame 3 and the lower loading frame 4 provided with the loading jacks to the two end parts of the square rod 204, and fixedly locking the reaction plate 300 of each loading frame through the bolt 18; and adjusting a winch 11 to tighten the steel wire rope 9 around a pulley 12, lifting the support frame 2 and the loading frame arranged on the support frame 2 to rotate around a rotating shaft 200, and suspending the winch 11 to work when the support frame 2 is higher than the total height of the test specimen 10 and the specimen base 13.

S4 push into test position: unlocking the wheel lock of the outer frame 1 to unlock the wheel lock, and pushing the mounted frame and loading device set to the position of the test specimen 1A along the side surface of the frame as shown in fig. 11; then, the winch 11 is adjusted to lower the belt supporting frame 2, and the winch stops working when the supporting frame 2 is located at the diagonal positions on the two sides of the test specimen 10, at this time, as shown in fig. 10, the lapping groove 2012 at the lower part of the supporting frame 2 is clamped on the supporting rod 2011 on the outer frame 1, and the lower part of the surface supporting frame 2 is in a movable state; then, reaction plate fixing bolts of the upper loading frame 3 and the lower loading frame 4 are unfastened, the upper loading frame 3 can freely slide to be close to the upper opposite angle of the test specimen 10 through gravity, the lower loading frame 4 is pushed upwards to be close to the lower opposite angle of the test specimen 10, the upper loading frame and the lower loading frame are respectively fixed and locked through bolts 18 after being close to the two opposite angles, the upper loading jack and the lower loading jack are adjusted to be pushed so that the loading support 301 is tightly attached to the test specimen 10, and then the wheel lock is adjusted to be in a locking state to limit the movement of the vehicle frame.

S5 tests were performed: the test is carried out according to the standard, the loading upper jack and the loading lower jack are adjusted by the electric oil pressure pump 5 to work simultaneously to carry out loading and unloading operation, test data are recorded by the installed pressure sensor 19 and the like, and the two-end shearing loading test of the test specimen 1A is completed.

S6 disassembly test apparatus: after the S5 test is completed, the bolts 18 of the upper and lower loading frames are detached to move the upper and lower loading frames to the two distal ends of the square bar respectively and fix them with the bolts, and the winch 11 is adjusted to lift the square bar and the accessory device group.

S7 the next set of experiments was performed: as shown in fig. 12, the test apparatus is pushed forward to the test piece 1B, and the steps S4 to S6 are repeated to perform the shear load test of the test piece 1B; and then repeating the test steps until all the test pieces in the first row 1A to 1Y are completed, pushing the test device into the position of the test piece 2A in the second row, and repeating the steps to sequentially complete the loading tests of the second row, the third row and the fourth row.

While the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A shear loading test system characterized by: the test system comprises a square outer frame (1), a bidirectional loading support, a hydraulic loading device, a test piece base (13) and a square test piece (10) arranged on the test piece base (13); the outer frame (1) is positioned on the outer sides of the test specimen (10) and the specimen base (13), and the diagonal line of the outer frame (1) and the diagonal line of the test specimen (10) are on the same straight line; the bidirectional loading support comprises a support frame (2) arranged along the diagonal of the outer frame (1), and an upper loading frame (3) and a lower loading frame (4) which are respectively arranged on the support frame (2), one end of the support frame (2) is arranged at one vertex angle part of the square frame body (100) through a rotating shaft (200), and the other end of the support frame is provided with a connecting member (201) fixed at the vertex angle part; the upper loading frame (3) and the lower loading frame (4) respectively comprise a reaction plate (300) and a loading support (301), the reaction plate (300) is fixedly installed on the support frame (2), the loading support (301) is in sliding connection with the support frame (2), the two loading frames (3) are respectively located at two diagonal positions of the test piece (10) and are in close contact with the corner of the test piece (10) through the loading support (301); the hydraulic loading device comprises an electric oil pressure pump (5), an upper loading jack (6) and a lower loading jack (7), wherein the upper loading jack (6) and the lower loading jack (7) are respectively installed on an upper loading frame (3) and a lower loading frame (4) through jack fixers (8), and the electric oil pressure pump (5) is respectively connected with the upper loading jack (6) and the lower loading jack (7) through oil pipes and provides hydraulic power for the upper loading jack (6) and the lower loading jack (7).

2. A shear loading test system according to claim 1, wherein: the test piece (10) is a square test piece with the side length of 900-1200 mm and the thickness of 200-250 mm; the height of the test piece base (13) is 900-1100 mm, and the length of the test piece base (13) is smaller than that of the test piece (10) by 180-210 mm; the outer frame (1) comprises two square frame bodies (100) which are arranged in parallel, one side of the tops of the two square frame bodies (100) is connected into a whole through a first cross rod (101), the other side of the tops of the two square frame bodies (100) is connected through a rotating shaft (200), an inclined strut (102) is arranged on the upper portion of one side of the two square frame bodies (100) connected through the rotating shaft (200), the inclined strut (102) is higher than the total height of a test piece (10) and a test piece base (13), universal wheels (103) are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the two square frame bodies (100), and each universal wheel (103) is provided with a brake mechanism (104).

3. A shear loading test system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the test system further comprises a winch lifting mechanism, the winch lifting mechanism comprises a winch (11), a pulley (12) and a lifting steel wire rope (9), the winch (11) and the pulley (12) are installed at the top of the outer frame (1), one end of the lifting steel wire rope (9) is connected with one end of the winch (11) and connected with the support frame (2) in a mode that the connecting component (201) is arranged around the pulley (12), and the support frame (2) is driven to rotate up and down in the outer frame (1) along the rotating shaft (200).

4. A shear loading test system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the electric oil pressure pump (5) is connected with an oil distributor (15) through a main oil pipe (14), the oil distributor is respectively connected with an upper loading jack (6) and a lower loading jack (7) through two oil distribution pipes (16) and used for realizing synchronous actuation of the upper loading jack (6) and the lower loading jack (7), and a pressure sensor (19) is installed at the top of the piston end of each jack.

5. A shear loading test system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the jack fixing devices (8) are provided with two groups and are respectively connected with the reaction plate (300) and the loading support (301), each group of jack fixing devices (8) comprises two arc-shaped clamping plates (800) which are symmetrically arranged and a screw rod (801) which is used for correspondingly fixing each arc-shaped clamping plate (800), at least two fixing plates (20) with screw holes are correspondingly welded on the reaction plate (300) and the loading support (301), one end of the screw rod (801) is provided with a rotating handle (802), and threads on the screw rod (801) are matched with screw hole internal threads on the fixing plates (20); when the upper loading jack (6) and the lower loading jack (7) are installed, the jacks are arranged between the reaction plate (300) and the loading support (301), two groups of jack fixing devices (8) are respectively arranged at the piston end and the cylinder end of the jack to be installed, two arc-shaped clamping plates (800) of each group of jack fixing devices are symmetrically clamped outside the jacks, and each arc-shaped clamping plate (800) penetrates through the corresponding fixing plate (20) through a screw rod (801) and then is tightly supported and fixed on the jack.

6. A shear loading test system according to claim 3, wherein: the supporting frame (2) comprises two symmetrical square rods (204), and a plurality of bolt holes (202) are formed in each square rod (204); one end of each square rod (204) is arranged at one vertex angle part of the square frame body (100) through a rotating shaft (200), the other end of each square rod is connected through a second cross rod (203), and the end part of each square rod (204) provided with the second cross rod (203) is connected with the diagonal part of the square frame body (100) through a connecting member (201); the winch lifting mechanism is connected with the middle part of the second cross rod (203) through a steel wire rope (9).

7. A shear loading test system according to claim 6, wherein: the reaction plate (300) comprises a reaction plate bottom plate (3001), transverse stiffening ribs (3002), longitudinal support plates (3003) arranged at two ends of the reaction plate bottom plate (3001) and fixing holes (3004) arranged on the longitudinal support plates (3003), wherein each longitudinal support plate (3003) is provided with two fixing holes (3004) through which the whole internal wires are communicated, the two fixing holes (3004) are longitudinally centered and are arranged vertically to the reaction plate bottom plate (3001), the hole intervals and the diameters of the fixing holes are consistent with those of the square rods (204), steel wheels (17) are symmetrically arranged on the longitudinal support plates (3003) from top to bottom, and the space between the upper steel wheel and the lower steel wheel (17) is matched with the square rods (204); two ends of the reaction plate (300) are respectively connected with the upper surface and the lower surface of the two square rods (204) in a sliding mode through steel wheels (17) and are fixedly connected with the square rods (204) through bolts (18), and when the bolts (18) are taken out, the reaction plate (300) can freely slide on the square rods (204).

8. A shear loading test system according to claim 6, wherein: the loading support (301) comprises a loading bottom plate (3011) and a loading base plate (3012), the loading base plate (3012) is two through long plates which are 90 degrees, the through long plates are rigidly fixed on the loading bottom plate (3011), a plurality of stiffening rib plates (3013) are arranged between the loading bottom plate (3011) and the loading base plate (3012), steel wheels (17) are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the loading support (301), an upper group and a lower group are arranged on each side, the upper group is symmetrically arranged on the loading base plate (3012), the lower group is arranged on the loading base plate (3011), and a space between the upper group and the lower group of steel wheels (17) is matched with a square rod (204); and two ends of the loading support (301) are respectively connected with the upper surface and the lower surface of the two square rods (204) in a sliding manner through steel wheels (17) and can freely slide along the square rods (204).

9. A shear loading test system according to claim 6, wherein: connecting elements (201) are including setting up taking groove (2012) and setting up branch (2011) on outer frame (1) at two square bar (204) tip, when support frame (2) rotated to the diagonal of outer frame (1) along pivot (200), support frame (2) took groove (2012) overlap joint on branch (2011) through its tip.

10. A shear loading test system according to claim 6, wherein: a plurality of bolt holes (202) equidistance distribute in the side of square bar (204), and the inside full silk link up the member, and the diameter and the hole interval of bolt hole (202) are 20 ~ 40 mm.

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