CN217481348U - Heat storage and capacity increase type thermal power generating unit and power grid - Google Patents
Heat storage and capacity increase type thermal power generating unit and power grid Download PDFInfo
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- CN217481348U CN217481348U CN202123170740.4U CN202123170740U CN217481348U CN 217481348 U CN217481348 U CN 217481348U CN 202123170740 U CN202123170740 U CN 202123170740U CN 217481348 U CN217481348 U CN 217481348U
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/345—Control or safety-means particular thereto
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/38—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of turbine type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/44—Use of steam for feed-water heating and another purpose
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal power generating unit with heat storage and capacity increase, wherein the thermal power generating unit comprises: the unit body is used for generating electricity through heat generation; the heat storage device is communicated with the unit body; the first storage tank is used for storing a low-temperature heat exchange medium; the heat exchange medium heating part is communicated with an outlet of the first storage tank and is used for heating the low-temperature heat exchange medium through steam generated by the unit body during the electricity utilization valley to form a high-temperature heat exchange medium; the second storage tank is communicated with the heat exchange medium heating part and is used for storing a high-temperature heat exchange medium; the heat exchange component is communicated with the unit body, the inlet of the first storage tank and the outlet of the second storage tank, is used for releasing heat through a high-temperature heat exchange medium during power utilization peak, and transmits the released heat to the unit body. The heat generated by the unit body is absorbed when electricity is used at the valley, and the heat is released through the heat exchange medium to generate electricity when the electricity is used at the peak, so that the peak-valley difference of the thermal power unit is reduced, the operation load of the thermal power unit is reduced, and the utilization rate of the thermal power unit is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power generation, and particularly relates to a heat storage and capacity increasing type thermal power generating unit and a power grid.
Background
At present, the installed capacity of coal in China is about 11 hundred million kilowatts, and the coal is a supporting and basic power source of a power system in China. Under the goal of carbon peak reaching, the carbon emission constraint is tightened day by day, and the development space of the coal electric installation is very limited. Meanwhile, the power demand in China still maintains the situation of medium-speed growth, the newly increased electric quantity is over 3000 billion kilowatt hours every year, and the newly increased electric load is over 5000 kilowatts. Due to the intermittence and fluctuation of new energy sources such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like, stable power supply cannot be realized, and the credible capacity is low. Since 2020, in many areas, insufficient power supply occurs during peak electricity utilization periods, which causes the problem of 'power limitation' and affects the normal operation of the economic society. Meanwhile, the pressure of peak regulation operation of the coal-electric unit is increased day by day due to the influence of adjustment of industrial structures in China and urbanization, except for few peak power utilization periods, the coal-electric unit is in low-load operation most of the time, the power utilization peak-valley difference is further increased, the operation load of the thermal power unit is increased, and the utilization rate of the thermal power unit is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Objects of the invention
The invention aims to provide a heat storage capacity-increasing thermal power unit and a power grid, which can reduce the operation load of the thermal power unit and increase the utilization rate of the thermal power unit.
(II) technical scheme
To solve the above problem, a first aspect of the present invention provides a thermal power generating unit with increased heat storage capacity, including: the unit body is used for generating electricity through heat generation; the first storage tank is used for storing a low-temperature heat exchange medium; the heat exchange medium heating part is communicated with an outlet of the first storage tank and is used for heating the low-temperature heat exchange medium through steam generated by the unit body during the electricity utilization valley so as to form a high-temperature heat exchange medium; the second storage tank is communicated with the heat exchange medium heating part and is used for storing the high-temperature heat exchange medium; and the heat exchange component is communicated with the unit body, the inlet of the first storage tank and the outlet of the second storage tank, and is used for releasing heat through the high-temperature heat exchange medium during a power utilization peak and conveying the released heat to the unit body, and the high-temperature heat exchange medium is changed into the low-temperature heat exchange medium and conveyed to the first storage tank.
Further, the unit body includes: the heat source is used for heating the condensed water to generate steam; the steam turbine is communicated with the steam outlet of the heat source and is used for generating electricity through steam; the steam condensing device is communicated with a steam outlet of the steam turbine and is used for condensing steam into condensed water; the heating device is respectively communicated with the steam outlet of the heat source, the steam outlet of the steam turbine, the condensed water outlet of the condensing device and the condensed water inlet of the heat source, and is used for heating the condensed water through steam and conveying the heated condensed water to the heat source; the heat exchange component is communicated with a condensed water outlet of the condensing device and a condensed water inlet of the heat source and used for heating the condensed water through the heat of the high-temperature heat exchange medium and conveying the heated condensed water to the heat source.
Further, the heat exchange part is a liquid-liquid heat exchanger; and a condensed water outlet of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is communicated with a condensed water inlet of the heat source and is used for conveying the heated condensed water to the heat source.
Further, the heat exchange part is a steam generator; and a steam outlet of the steam generator is communicated with a steam inlet of the heating device and is used for heating the condensed water through the high-temperature heat exchange medium to generate steam and conveying the steam to the heating device.
Further, the thermal power generating unit further comprises: and the valves are arranged between the steam turbine and the heating device, between the condensing device and the heating device, and between the condensing device and the heat storage device and used for controlling the flow of steam or condensed water.
Further, the steam outlet of the heat source includes: a first steam outlet and a second steam outlet; the steam turbine includes: a high pressure cylinder having a steam inlet in communication with the first steam outlet, the steam outlet of the high pressure cylinder being in communication with the steam inlet of the heat source; the steam inlet of the intermediate pressure cylinder is communicated with the second steam outlet of the heat source; and a steam inlet of the low pressure cylinder is communicated with a steam outlet of the intermediate pressure cylinder, and a steam outlet of the low pressure cylinder is communicated with a steam inlet of the condensing device.
Further, the heating device includes: a condensed water inlet of the low-pressure heater is communicated with a condensed water outlet of the condensing device, and a steam inlet of the low-pressure heater is communicated with a steam outlet of the intermediate pressure cylinder and/or a steam outlet of the low pressure cylinder; and a condensed water inlet of the high-pressure heater is communicated with a condensed water outlet of the low-pressure heater, and a steam inlet of the high-pressure heater is communicated with a steam outlet of the high-pressure cylinder and/or a steam outlet of the intermediate-pressure cylinder.
Further, the thermal power generating unit further comprises: and a condensed water inlet of the deaerator is communicated with a condensed water outlet of the low-pressure heater, a condensed water outlet of the deaerator is communicated with a condensed water inlet of the high-pressure heater, and a steam inlet of the deaerator is communicated with a steam outlet of the intermediate pressure cylinder.
A second aspect of the invention provides a power grid comprising the heat-storage and capacity-increasing thermal power generating unit as provided in the second aspect of the invention.
(III) advantageous effects
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. according to the thermal power generating unit, heat generated by the unit body is absorbed through the heat exchange medium in the heat storage device during the low-ebb electricity consumption period, and the heat is released through the heat exchange medium during the high-ebb electricity consumption period to generate electricity, so that the peak-valley difference of the thermal power generating unit is reduced, the operation load of the thermal power generating unit is reduced, and the utilization rate of the thermal power generating unit is increased.
2. The thermal power generating unit assembly technology is low in complexity and easy to realize. The capacity increase of the existing thermal power generating unit can be realized by only performing bypass transformation on the high-pressure heater and the low-pressure heater and adding a heat exchange part with a certain scale, and the secondary frequency modulation capacity can be improved to more than 4% of rated power/min from the current 2% of rated power/min.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a thermal power generating unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the unit body according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a thermal power generating unit according to a specific example of the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal power generating unit according to another specific example of the first embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
100: a unit body; 110: a heat source; 120: a steam turbine; 121: a high pressure cylinder; 122: an intermediate pressure cylinder; 123: a low pressure cylinder; 130: a condensing unit; 140: a heating device; 141: a low pressure heater; 142: a high pressure heater; 150: a deaerator; 161: a water two-way valve; 162: a water three-way valve; 171: a steam extraction valve; 172: a steam three-way valve; 181: a feed pump;
200: a heat storage device; 210: a first storage tank; 220: a heat exchange medium heating part; 230: a second storage tank; 240: a liquid-liquid heat exchanger; 250: a steam generator; 260: a high-temperature medium circulating pump; 270: a low-temperature medium circulating pump: 280: a water booster pump.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
In the drawings a schematic view of a layer structure according to an embodiment of the invention is shown. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity. The shapes of various regions, layers, and relative sizes and positional relationships therebetween shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, as actually required.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
First embodiment
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a thermal power generating unit with increased heat storage capacity, including: a unit body 100 for generating electricity by generating heat; the heat storage device 200 is communicated with the unit body 100; the heat storage device 200 is internally provided with a heat exchange medium, and is used for absorbing heat of the heat generated by the unit body 100 through the heat exchange medium during the electricity utilization valley, releasing heat through the heat exchange medium during the electricity utilization peak, and conveying the released heat to the unit body 100. The thermal power generating unit of this embodiment absorbs heat to the heat that unit body 100 takes place through the heat transfer medium in heat-retaining device 200 during the power consumption low ebb, and the heat is released through the heat transfer medium and is generated electricity during the power consumption peak to reduce the peak valley difference of thermal power generating unit, so reduced thermal power generating unit's operating load, and increased thermal power generating unit's utilization ratio.
Referring to fig. 2, in an alternative embodiment, the assembly body 100 includes: a heat source 110 for heating the condensed water to generate steam; a steam turbine 120 communicating with a steam outlet of the heat source 110 for generating electricity through steam; the steam condensing device 130 is communicated with a steam outlet of the steam turbine 120 and is used for condensing steam into condensed water; a heating device 140, which is respectively communicated with the steam outlet of the heat source 110, the steam outlet of the steam turbine 120, the condensed water outlet of the condensing device 130, and the condensed water inlet of the heat source 110, and is used for heating the condensed water by steam and delivering the heated condensed water to the heat source 110; the heat storage device 200 is communicated with a condensed water outlet of the condensing device 130, and the heat storage device 200 is communicated with a steam outlet of the heat source 110 and/or a steam outlet of the steam turbine 120, and is used for absorbing heat of steam through the heat exchange medium in the electricity utilization valley and heating the condensed water through the heat exchange medium in the electricity utilization peak. The heat source 110 may be a coal-fired boiler of a coal-fired power plant, and is configured to convert chemical energy of coal into heat energy, generate steam for the condensed water, and send the steam to the steam turbine 120. The condensing unit 130 may be a condenser, which is a heat exchanger for condensing the steam discharged from the turbine 120 into water.
The heat absorption of the heat generated by the unit body 100 by the heat exchange medium may be specifically explained as follows by way of example;
1. steam is extracted from the steam turbine 120 and enters the heat storage device 200 to exchange heat with a heat exchange medium so as to heat the heat exchange medium, and the steam after heat exchange can be sent to the high-pressure heater 142, the deaerator, the low-pressure heater 141 and the like;
2. the heat exchange medium is directly heated by the heat source 110;
3. the heat transfer medium is electrically heated by electricity generated by the unit body 100.
In an alternative embodiment, the heat exchange medium is any one of molten salt, silicone oil and concrete. The cost of the molten salt heat storage is only 50 yuan/kWh, the cost is low, and the energy storage cost is far lower than that of electrochemical energy storage.
In an alternative embodiment, the heat storage device 200 includes: a first storage tank 210 for storing a low-temperature heat exchange medium; a heat exchange medium heating part 220, which is communicated with an outlet of the first storage tank 210, and is used for heating a low-temperature heat exchange medium through steam during a power valley to form a high-temperature heat exchange medium; a second storage tank 230 communicating with the heat exchange medium heating part 220 for storing a high temperature heat exchange medium; and the heat exchange component is communicated with a condensed water outlet of the condensing device 130, an inlet of the first storage tank 210 and an outlet of the second storage tank 230, and is used for heating the condensed water through a high-temperature heat exchange medium to form a low-temperature heat exchange medium and conveying the low-temperature heat exchange medium to the first storage tank 210. Particularly, the heat storage device 200 further includes a high-temperature medium circulating pump 260 and a low-temperature medium circulating pump 270, wherein the high-temperature medium circulating pump 260 can be disposed on the pipeline connecting the second storage tank 230 and the heat exchange medium heating part 220 as required, and is used for adjusting the flow speed of the high-temperature heat exchange medium as required and controlling the heat exchange speed and the heat exchange amount of the high-temperature heat exchange medium and the condensed water. The low-temperature medium circulating pump 270 may be disposed on a pipeline connecting the first storage tank 210 and the heat exchange medium heating part 220 as needed, and is configured to adjust a flow rate of the low-temperature heat exchange medium as needed and control a heat exchange rate and a heat exchange amount between the low-temperature heat exchange medium and the heat source 110.
In an alternative embodiment, the heat exchange component is a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger 240; the condensed water outlet of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 240 is communicated with the condensed water inlet of the heat source 110, and is used for conveying the heated condensed water to the heat source 110. Specifically, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 240 may be a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and is composed of a shell, heat exchange tubes, tube plates, baffles, tube boxes, and the like. The tube side is condensed water, and the shell side is a high-temperature heat exchange medium. The pipe side pressure bearing is designed according to the pressure of the condensate water, and the shell side pressure bearing is designed according to the pressure of the high-temperature heat exchange medium. The used material has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, low expansion coefficient, good thermal fatigue resistance, high-temperature corrosion resistance of a heat exchange medium and the like. For the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 240 used in the feed water bypass, since the feed water pressure is high and the pressure-receiving capacity of the pipe side part should be correspondingly high, it is necessary to increase the wall thickness of the relevant part and consider using a material having high strength.
In an alternative embodiment, the heat exchange component is a steam generator 250; the steam outlet of the steam generator 250 is communicated with the steam inlet of the heating device 140, and is used for heating the condensed water through the high-temperature heat exchange medium to generate steam, and the steam is transmitted to the heating device 140 to heat the condensed water in the heating device 140.
In an optional embodiment, the thermal power generating unit further includes: and valves, which are disposed between the turbine 120 and the heating device 140, between the condensing unit 130 and the heating device 140, and between the condensing unit 130 and the heat storage unit 200, for controlling the flow rate of the steam or the condensed water. Optionally, the valve comprises: the condensate valve is used for controlling the flow and the flow speed of condensate in the unit body 100, wherein the condensate valve can be set as a water two-way valve 161 or a water three-way valve 162 according to requirements. The valve further comprises: and a steam valve for controlling the flow rate of the steam, wherein the steam valve can be set as an extraction valve 171 or a steam three-way valve 172 as required.
In an alternative embodiment, the vapor outlet of the heat source 110 includes: a first steam outlet and a second steam outlet; the steam turbine 120 includes: a high pressure cylinder 121 having a steam inlet communicated with the first steam outlet, and a steam outlet of the high pressure cylinder 121 communicated with the steam inlet of the heat source 110; an intermediate pressure cylinder 122 having a steam inlet communicating with a second steam outlet of the heat source 110; the steam inlet of the low pressure cylinder 123 is communicated with the steam outlet of the intermediate pressure cylinder 122, and the steam outlet of the low pressure cylinder 123 is communicated with the steam inlet of the condenser 130. The steam turbine 120 is provided with a pneumatic cylinder with sequentially reduced pressure, so that heat energy is converted into mechanical energy in a grading manner, and the conversion efficiency is high.
In an alternative embodiment, the heating device 140 includes: a low-pressure heater 141 having a condensed water inlet communicated with the condensed water outlet of the condensing device 130, and a steam inlet of the low-pressure heater 141 communicated with the steam outlet of the intermediate pressure cylinder 122 and/or the steam outlet of the low pressure cylinder 123; and a high pressure heater 142 having a condensed water inlet communicated with the condensed water outlet of the low pressure heater 141, and a steam inlet of the high pressure heater 142 communicated with the steam outlet of the high pressure cylinder 121 and/or the steam outlet of the intermediate pressure cylinder 122. The condensed water is heated by the low pressure heater 141 and the high pressure heater 142 in stages so that the condensed water flowing back to the heat source 110 reaches a specified temperature range, wherein the number of the low pressure heater 141 and the high pressure heater 142 may be 3.
In an optional embodiment, the thermal power generating unit further includes: the condensed water inlet of the deaerator 150 is communicated with the condensed water outlet of the low pressure heater 141, the condensed water outlet of the deaerator 150 is communicated with the condensed water inlet of the high pressure heater 142, and the steam inlet of the deaerator 150 is communicated with the steam outlet of the intermediate pressure cylinder 122. The deaerator 150 is used for removing dissolved oxygen and other gases in condensed water in the thermal power generating unit and preventing thermal equipment from being corroded. The input is condensed water and high-temperature steam, and the output is condensed water. The temperature in the deaerator 150 should be just at or above the overflow temperature of the gas so that the deaerator 150 can function properly. For example, the intermediate pressure cylinder 122 of the thermal power generating unit of the embodiment has a temperature of about 580 ° and a pressure of about 1 to 2kp, and can heat the condensed water in the deaerator 150.
In an optional embodiment, the thermal power generating unit further includes: and a water feed pump 181 for pressurizing the condensed water deaerated by the deaerator 150 and feeding the pressurized condensed water to the high-pressure heater 142 and/or the heat storage device 200.
Referring to fig. 3, in a specific embodiment, in the thermal power generating unit of this embodiment, the coal-fired boiler heats the condensed water to generate steam with a pressure of about 20 MPa or more and a temperature of about 580 °, and the steam is delivered to the high-pressure cylinder 121 through a first steam outlet thereof, converted into mechanical energy in the high-pressure cylinder 121, and the steam with a pressure of about 3 to 5MPa and a temperature of about 350 ° is discharged and delivered to the coal-fired boiler. The coal-fired boiler reheats steam to a pressure of about 3-5MPa and a temperature of about 580 ° to the intermediate pressure cylinder 122, converts the steam into mechanical energy in the intermediate pressure cylinder 122, discharges the steam with a pressure of about 1-2MPa and a temperature of about 200 °, transmits the steam to the low pressure cylinder 123, converts the steam into mechanical energy in the low pressure cylinder 123, discharges the steam with a pressure of about several KPa and a temperature of about 30 °, transmits the steam to the condenser, and the condenser converts the steam into condensed water and transmits the condensed water to the low pressure heater 141 and the heat storage device 200 through the water two-way valve 161. The low-pressure heaters 141 are sequentially connected in series, the first two low-pressure heaters 141 extract steam in the low-pressure cylinder 123 through the steam extraction valve 171 to heat condensed water, the third low-pressure heater 141 extracts steam in the intermediate-pressure cylinder 122 through the steam extraction valve 171 to heat the condensed water, the condensed water is heated to 170-180 degrees and is conveyed to the deaerator 150, and the pressure in the low-pressure heaters 141 is about 3-4 MPa. The deaerator 150 deaerates the condensed water by extracting the steam in the intermediate pressure cylinder 122 through the steam extraction valve 171, pressurizes the deaerated condensed water by the water feed pump 181, and then conveys the pressurized condensed water to the high pressure heater 142 and the heat storage device 200 through the water two-way valve 161. 3 high-pressure heaters 142 are sequentially connected in series, the first high-pressure heater 142 extracts steam in the intermediate pressure cylinder 122 through the steam extraction valve 171 to heat condensed water and then conveys the steam to the second high-pressure heater 142, the second high-pressure heater 142 extracts steam at a second steam outlet of the coal-fired boiler through the steam extraction valve 171 to heat the condensed water and then conveys the steam to the third high-pressure heater 142, the third high-pressure heater 142 extracts steam in the intermediate pressure cylinder 122 through the steam extraction valve 171 to heat the condensed water and heats the condensed water to 200-300 degrees and conveys the condensed water to the coal-fired boiler, wherein the pressure in the high-pressure heater 142 is about 20-30 MPa.
The heat storage device 200 of the present embodiment is provided with two sets, each of which includes a first storage tank 210, a heat exchange medium heating part 220, a second storage tank 230, a liquid-liquid heat exchanger 240, a high-temperature medium circulation pump 260, and a low-temperature medium circulation pump 270.
The first group is connected with 3 low-pressure heaters 141 in parallel, a condensed water inlet of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 240 is communicated with the condenser through a water two-way valve 161, and a condensed water outlet of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 240 is communicated with a condensed water inlet of the deaerator 150 and used for auxiliary heating of the condensed water.
The second group is connected in parallel with 3 high-pressure heaters 142, the condensed water inlet of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 240 is communicated with the condensed water outlet of the deaerator 150 through the water two-way valve 161, and the condensed water outlet of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 240 is communicated with the condensed water inlet of the coal-fired boiler for auxiliary heating of the condensed water.
Referring to fig. 4, in another specific embodiment, the thermal power generating unit of the present embodiment is different from the previous embodiment in that the second group heat storage device 200 includes a first storage tank 210, a heat exchange medium heating member 220, a second storage tank 230, a steam generator 250, a high-temperature medium circulation pump 260, and a low-temperature medium circulation pump 270.
The condensed water output from the deaerator 150 enters the water three-way valve 162, and is divided into two paths, one path enters the high-pressure heater 142 through the water feed pump 181, and the other path enters the steam generator 250 through the condensed water inlet of the steam generator 250 through the water booster pump 280. The steam generator 250 delivers steam to the 3 high pressure heaters 142 through the steam three-way valve 172, respectively. Steam generated by the steam generator 250, steam generated by the steam turbine 120 and steam generated by the heat source 110 enter the high pressure generator through the steam tee valve 172.
In another embodiment, the thermal power generating unit of this embodiment is different from the two embodiments in that the heat storage device 200 is provided with a group, and the heat exchange medium in the group heats the bypass feed water of the high-pressure heater 142 first, and then heats the bypass feed water of the low-pressure heater 141, so as to form a step heating heat exchange scheme.
In an optional embodiment, the embodiment provides a modification scheme for an existing thermal power generating unit, for example, performing capacity-increasing, peak-adjusting, and frequency-modulating modification on a 350MW supercritical thermal power generating unit, including adding the heat storage device 200 of the present application beside the existing thermal power generating unit, which is specifically as follows:
1. a bypass passage connected in parallel with the high-pressure heater 142 is newly built beside the high-pressure heater 142, the maximum flow of the bypass passage is 80% of the flow flowing to the high-pressure heater 142, specifically 850 tons/h, and the pressure-bearing capacity is greater than 30 MPa;
2. a liquid-liquid heat exchanger 240 is newly built on a bypass channel, water is fed from the tube side, high-temperature liquid molten salt is arranged on the shell side, the maximum heat exchange power is 90MW, and the pressure-bearing capacity of the tube side is more than 30 MPa.
3. The newly-built molten salt heat storage device 200 is used for storing molten salt and specifically comprises a first storage tank 210 and a second storage tank 230, wherein the temperature of high-temperature molten salt is 500 ℃, and the temperature of low-temperature molten salt is 280 ℃; the heat storage capacity is 180 MWhth.
4. Newly-built heat transfer medium heating part 220, specifically be the heat exchanger, the tube side is the fused salt, and the shell side is high temperature steam, and maximum heat transfer power is 10 MW.
5. And a steam extraction pipeline of reheat steam to the heat exchanger is newly built, and a pipeline of the heat exchanger to the deaerator and the low-pressure heater 141 is newly built, wherein the reheat steam refers to reheat steam coming out of the second steam outlet.
The thermal power generating unit after transformation is tested in operation effect:
1. power generation and capacity increase: when the power grid needs overload operation of the thermal power generating unit, the extraction steam of the high-pressure cylinder 121, the intermediate-pressure cylinder 122 to the high-pressure heater 142 is adjusted to be minimum; the condensed water valve of the bypass channel of the high-pressure heater 142 is gradually opened to the maximum, the output of the unit can be increased from 350MW to about 380MW, and the newly increased power generation capacity is about 30 MW.
2. Secondary frequency modulation: the heat inertia of the heat exchanger is very small, the heat exchange power is increased from 0 to 80 percent of load within 2 minutes, and the full load can be reached within 5 minutes. The heat exchange load of 20 MW/min is conservatively accelerated, and the power generation load regulation speed of the unit can be increased to more than 4% of rated power/min from the current 2% of rated power/min.
Second embodiment
The embodiment provides a power grid which comprises the heat storage and capacity increasing thermal power generating unit provided by the first embodiment of the invention.
The same parts of this embodiment as those of the first embodiment will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
Third embodiment
The embodiment provides a power generation method, which specifically comprises the following steps: the heat storage and capacity increase type thermal power generating unit provided according to the first embodiment of the invention or the power grid provided according to the second embodiment of the invention is used for generating power.
In an alternative embodiment, the present embodiment provides a method of compatibilized power generation. Specifically, the steam turbine 120 and the generator both have a certain overload operation capability, when the steam turbine 120 is required to operate beyond the rated load, the opening degree of the steam extraction valve 171 of the high-pressure cylinder 121 and the medium-pressure cylinder 122 of the steam turbine 120 is preferentially adjusted to be small, the opening degree of the valve for controlling the condensate water delivered to the second group of heat storage devices 200 is simultaneously adjusted to be large, the opening degree of the valve for controlling the condensate water delivered to the high-pressure heater 142 is adjusted to be small, all or part of the feed water is heated by the second group of heat storage devices 200 by reducing the feed water of the high-pressure heater 142, and the feed speed of the high-temperature heat exchange medium is accelerated by the high-temperature medium circulating pump 260 to control the feed water temperature at the inlet of the coal-fired boiler, so that the condensate water temperature is in an allowable range, and at the moment, the output power of the steam turbine 120 can be increased by more than 5%; if the output power of the steam turbine 120 needs to be increased continuously, the opening degree of the steam extraction valve 171 from the medium pressure cylinder 122 and the low pressure cylinder 123 of the steam turbine 120 to the low pressure heater 141 can be reduced, meanwhile, the opening degree of the valve for controlling the condensed water delivered to the first group of heat storage devices 200 is regulated, the opening degree of the valve for controlling the condensed water delivered to the low pressure heater 141 is reduced, the condensed water heated by the low pressure heater 141 is reduced, all or part of the condensed water is heated by the heat storage devices 200, the high temperature medium circulating pump 260 accelerates the supply speed of the high temperature heat exchange medium, the temperature of the condensed water at the inlet of the deaerator is controlled to be within an allowable range, and the output power of the steam turbine 120 can be increased by more than 5%. If the condensed water is heated by the two sets of heat storage devices 200, the output power of the steam turbine 120 can reach more than 110% of the rated power.
In the embodiment, the heat storage device 200 is added to the heating device 140 by-pass, for example, the high-pressure heater 142 is connected in parallel with the heat storage device 200, and the extraction of steam from the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 121 and the medium-pressure cylinder 122 to the high-pressure heater 142 is reduced, so that the turbine 120 is operated in an over-rated load mode, and a capacity increasing effect is achieved. In order to ensure that the temperature of condensed water at the inlet of the coal-fired boiler is in an allowable range, a heat exchange medium is adopted in a water supply bypass channel to exchange heat with the condensed water, and the heat power difference caused by steam extraction is reduced in a complete mode. Above-mentioned scheme has solved the direct hydrodynamic unbalance's that brings for the bypass risk of carrying the condensate water, and is safer, and power regulation speed is also faster simultaneously.
The embodiment proposes that the heat storage device 200 is added to the heating device 140 by-pass, for example, the heat storage device 200 is connected in parallel to the low-pressure heater 141, and the extraction of steam from the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 123 and the medium-pressure cylinder 122 to the high-pressure heater 142 is reduced, so as to realize the over-rated load operation of the steam turbine 120 and achieve the capacity increasing effect. In order to ensure that the temperature of condensed water at the inlet of the deaerator is in an allowable range, a heat exchange medium is adopted in a water supply bypass channel to exchange heat with the condensed water, and the heat power difference caused by steam extraction is reduced in a supplementing mode. Above-mentioned scheme has solved the direct hydrodynamic unbalance's that brings for the bypass risk of carrying the condensate water, and is safer, and power regulation speed is also faster simultaneously.
In the prior art, the capacity of the hydroelectric generating set is increased and the operation load is increased by adding the small steam turbine 120, and the method improves the efficiency of the thermal power generating set to a certain extent. Although the scheme of the invention may bring a certain condensation loss by bypassing the high-pressure heater 142 and the low-pressure heater 141, the overall efficiency of the steam turbine is still higher than that of the technical route of the newly added small steam turbine 120.
In an alternative embodiment, the present embodiment provides a method of secondary frequency modulation. Specifically, the secondary frequency modulation capability of the thermal power generating unit is mainly limited by the inertia of the coal-fired boiler, and different from the coal-fired boiler, the heat exchange of the heat exchange medium and the condensed water is explicit heat exchange, no evaporation link exists, and the heat exchange power regulation speed is far faster than the steam temperature and flow regulation speed of the coal-fired boiler. When the system participates in secondary frequency modulation, if the output power of the steam turbine 120 is required to be rapidly increased, the high-pressure cylinder 121 and the intermediate-pressure cylinder 122 are adjusted to be small through the steam extraction valve 171 to extract steam from the high-pressure heater 142, meanwhile, the valve of the condensed water of the second group of heat storage devices 200 is adjusted to be large through the feed water of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 240, the high-temperature medium circulating pump 260 is adjusted, the heat exchange power of the heat exchange medium and the condensed water is improved, and the output power of the steam turbine 120 can be rapidly increased; if the output power of the steam turbine 120 needs to be reduced rapidly, the steam extraction from the high-pressure steam turbine cylinder 121, the intermediate-pressure steam turbine cylinder 122 to the high-pressure heater 142 is increased through the steam extraction valve 171, the water supply of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 240 is decreased through the valve of the condensed water of the second group of heat storage devices 200, and the high-temperature medium circulating pump 260 is adjusted at the same time, so that the heat exchange power between the heat exchange medium and the water is reduced, the output power of the steam turbine 120 can be reduced rapidly, and if the valve of the condensed water leading to the heat storage devices 200 is closed, the output power of the steam turbine 120 needs to be reduced continuously, and the steam extraction from the steam turbine 120 to the heat storage devices 200 can be increased.
The technical personnel observe that the secondary frequency modulation (or load rapid adjustment) capability of the thermal power generating unit is mainly limited by inertia of a coal-fired boiler, thermal stress of parts such as a superheater and the like. According to the heat exchange technology of the heat exchange medium and the condensed water, due to the fact that an evaporation link does not exist, system inertia is small, and adjusting speed is high. The steam extraction from the high-pressure cylinder 121, the intermediate-pressure cylinder 122 and the low-pressure cylinder 123 of the steam turbine 120 to the high-pressure heater 142 and the low-pressure heater 141 is quickly adjusted, so that the output power of the steam turbine 120 is quickly adjusted, the secondary frequency modulation capability of the thermal power generating unit is improved, heat exchange is carried out between a heat exchange medium and feed water or condensed water, the water temperature of an important node is guaranteed to be within an allowable range, and hydrodynamic unbalance of the system is avoided.
The invention aims to protect a thermal power generating unit and a power generation method using the thermal power generating unit, wherein the thermal power generating unit comprises: a unit body 100 for generating electricity by generating heat; a heat storage device 200 communicated with the unit body 100; the heat storage device 200 is internally provided with a heat exchange medium, and is used for absorbing heat of the heat generated by the unit body 100 through the heat exchange medium during the electricity utilization valley, releasing heat through the heat exchange medium during the electricity utilization peak, and conveying the released heat to the unit body 100. The thermal power generating unit of this embodiment absorbs heat to the heat that unit body 100 takes place through the heat transfer medium in heat-retaining device 200 during the power consumption low ebb, and the heat is released through the heat transfer medium and is generated electricity during the power consumption peak to reduce the peak valley difference of thermal power generating unit, so reduced thermal power generating unit's operating load, and increased thermal power generating unit's utilization ratio. In addition, by increasing or decreasing the flow rate of the condensed water heated by the heat storage device 200 and increasing or decreasing the extraction steam from the steam turbine 120 to the heating device 140 in the thermal power generating unit, the capacity increase power generation and the secondary frequency modulation can be performed.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
Claims (9)
1. A thermal storage capacity-increasing thermal power generating unit is characterized by comprising:
a unit body (100) for thermal power generation;
a first storage tank (210) for storing a cryogenic heat exchange medium;
the heat exchange medium heating part (220) is communicated with an outlet of the first storage tank (210) and is used for heating the low-temperature heat exchange medium through steam generated by the unit body (100) in the power utilization valley so as to form a high-temperature heat exchange medium;
a second storage tank (230) communicated with the heat exchange medium heating part (220) for storing the high-temperature heat exchange medium;
and the heat exchange component is respectively communicated with the unit body (100), the inlet of the first storage tank (210) and the outlet of the second storage tank (230), the heat exchange component is used for releasing heat through the high-temperature heat exchange medium during a power utilization peak and transmitting the released heat to the unit body (100), and the high-temperature heat exchange medium is changed into the low-temperature heat exchange medium and is transmitted to the first storage tank (210).
2. The thermal storage and capacitance enhancement thermal power generating unit as recited in claim 1, wherein the unit body (100) comprises:
a heat source (110) for heating the condensed water to generate steam;
a steam turbine (120) in communication with a steam outlet of the heat source (110) for generating electricity from the steam;
the steam condensing device (130) is communicated with a steam outlet of the steam turbine (120) and is used for condensing steam into condensed water;
a heating device (140) which is respectively communicated with a steam outlet of the heat source (110), a steam outlet of the steam turbine (120), a condensed water outlet of the condensing device (130) and a condensed water inlet of the heat source (110), and is used for heating the condensed water through the steam and conveying the heated condensed water to the heat source (110);
the heat exchange component is respectively communicated with a condensed water outlet of the condensing device (130) and a condensed water inlet of the heat source (110), and is used for heating the condensed water by the heat of the high-temperature heat exchange medium, and conveying the heated condensed water to the heat source (110).
3. The thermal storage and capacity enhancement thermal power generating unit according to claim 2, wherein the heat exchange component is a liquid-liquid heat exchanger (240);
and a condensed water outlet of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger (240) is communicated with a condensed water inlet of the heat source (110) and is used for conveying the heated condensed water to the heat source (110).
4. The thermal storage and capacitance increasing thermal power generating unit according to claim 2, wherein the heat exchanging component is a steam generator (250);
and a steam outlet of the steam generator (250) is communicated with a steam inlet of the heating device (140) and is used for heating the condensed water through the high-temperature heat exchange medium to generate steam and conveying the steam to the heating device (140).
5. The heat-storage capacity-increasing thermal power generating unit according to any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising:
and the valves are arranged between the steam turbine (120) and the heating device (140), between the condensing device (130) and the heating device (140) and between the condensing device (130) and the heat storage device (200) and are used for controlling the flow of steam or condensed water.
6. The thermal storage and capacitance increasing thermal power generating unit according to any one of claims 2 to 4,
the steam outlet of the heat source (110) comprises: a first steam outlet and a second steam outlet;
the steam turbine (120) comprises:
a high pressure cylinder (121) having a steam inlet in communication with the first steam outlet, the high pressure cylinder (121) having a steam outlet in communication with the steam inlet of the heat source (110);
an intermediate pressure cylinder (122) having a steam inlet in communication with a second steam outlet of the heat source (110);
and a steam inlet of the low pressure cylinder (123) is communicated with a steam outlet of the intermediate pressure cylinder (122), and a steam outlet of the low pressure cylinder (123) is communicated with a steam inlet of the condensing device (130).
7. The thermal storage capacity-increasing thermal power generating unit according to claim 6, wherein the heating device (140) comprises:
a low-pressure heater (141) having a condensed water inlet communicated with a condensed water outlet of the condensing device (130), and a steam inlet of the low-pressure heater (141) being communicated with a steam outlet of the intermediate pressure cylinder (122) and a steam outlet of the low-pressure cylinder (123);
and a condensed water inlet of the high-pressure heater (142) is communicated with a condensed water outlet of the low-pressure heater (141), and a steam inlet of the high-pressure heater (142) is communicated with a steam outlet of the high-pressure cylinder (121).
8. The thermal storage capacity-increasing thermal power generating unit according to claim 7, further comprising:
and a condensed water inlet of the deaerator (150) is communicated with a condensed water outlet of the low-pressure heater (141), a condensed water outlet of the deaerator (150) is communicated with a condensed water inlet of the high-pressure heater (142), and a steam inlet of the deaerator (150) is communicated with a steam outlet of the intermediate pressure cylinder (122).
9. An electrical grid comprising a thermal storage and capacitance increasing thermal power generating unit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| CN109854313B (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2020-03-24 | 西安交通大学 | Flexible coal-fired power generation system and operation method |
| CN111365698A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-07-03 | 华北电力大学 | Slot type solar energy and heat supply unit complementary cogeneration system |
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