CN217114673U

CN217114673U - Safety protection structure of large-capacity battery

Info

Publication number: CN217114673U
Application number: CN202122515678.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨战军; 雷政军; 郑高峰; 翟腾飞; 张三学; 刘毅
Original assignee: Shaanxi Yadianna Power Energy Co ltd
Current assignee: Shaanxi Yadianna Power Energy Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-10-19
Filing date: 2021-10-19
Publication date: 2022-08-02
Anticipated expiration: 2031-10-19

Abstract

The application discloses a safety protection structure of a large-capacity battery, which comprises a battery unit and a multifunctional cavity connected with a pressure relief opening of the battery unit through a metal corrugated pipe; the multifunctional cavity can cool down and cool down the electrolyte sprayed out when the battery unit is out of control due to thermal runaway and toxic and harmful gas generated by thermal decomposition of the electrolyte, and can adsorb the gas and the electrolyte generated by the battery out of control due to thermal runaway. The electrolyte and the gas that produces of this application gasification are cooled down and adsorb by the cooling in multi-functional cavity, and the gas through this process can reach the standard of direct emission basically to realized the safety protection to large capacity battery, greatly reduced or stopped the emergence of battery conflagration.

Description

Safety protection structure of large-capacity battery

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of batteries and relates to a safety protection structure for a large-capacity battery.

Background

The lithium ion battery as a new energy battery has the advantages of high energy, high working voltage, wide working temperature range, small volume, long storage life and the like, becomes a new generation of green and environment-friendly battery, and rapidly becomes a new and numerous power supply market.

The new energy battery is a power supply for providing a power source for tools, and is a storage battery for providing power for electric automobiles, electric trains, electric bicycles and the like. However, when the battery is used, overheating, overcharge and overdischarge of the battery can cause heat collection inside the battery, a large amount of heat is accumulated to cause temperature rise inside the battery, thermal runaway can occur when the temperature rises to the limit which can be borne by the battery, and a large amount of combustible mixed gas can be generated when the battery is in thermal runaway, for example: h ₂ 、CO、CH ₄ When the internal pressure of the battery reaches a certain limit, the battery can release the combustible mixed gas to the battery bin by self explosion, and the combustible mixed gas is very easy to cause fire when contacting with oxygen.

Patent CN206490105U discloses a battery safety arrangement, this battery safety arrangement, through lay the battery in the inside rubber sleeve of protecting crust, and compress tightly fixedly by the clamp plate, thereby play shockproof falling protection to the battery, and seal the protecting crust through the top cap, guarantee the leakproofness of protecting crust, be connected with the fuse pipe on the power supply line, can effectively avoid the power supply line short circuit and cause the condition that the battery damaged, this kind of structure can play certain reinforcement guard action to the battery cell, but to the large capacity battery, from the structure, the material, it is very big to carry out so transformation work load in the aspect of the circuit etc., the structure is very complicated, and it is with high costs, unsuitable large capacity battery uses, therefore this kind of mode is only effective to the battery cell, it is not big to large capacity battery meaning.

Patent CN203553223U discloses a safety structure of a large-capacity lithium ion battery pack, which is characterized in that after the battery causes its internal electrolyte to break the explosion-proof membrane due to internal or external reasons, the internal electrolyte can enter the diversion trench from the opening hole of the safety valve and enter the first accommodating space of the housing through the flow hole. The electrolyte is collected into a closed space through a specific structure, and the sprayed electrolyte is completely isolated from the battery cell, so that the possibility of fire and explosion is eliminated or reduced; however, since the electrolyte is not subjected to any post-treatment at all, a dangerous source still exists, and therefore, the practicability of the battery is not high.

Patent CN202308224U discloses a lithium ion battery safety absorption device of lithium battery passive safety concept, which comprises a battery body, wherein the battery body is rectangular or cylindrical and contains electrolyte; the battery body is provided with a safety valve; the battery body is provided with a safety absorption device; the safety valve is communicated with the safety absorption device. The patent collects the electrolyte and gas of the single battery and does not solve the problem of treatment of the electrolyte and gas in the battery.

Disclosure of Invention

To above-mentioned prior art mostly directly arrange outside or accept temporarily in certain specific structure with the electrolyte steam that produces after the battery takes place thermal runaway and the gas that produces after the electrolyte thermal decomposition, still do not alleviate or eliminate the potential risk factor that the battery thermal runaway brought from essence, the danger of burning or even explosion still exists in the battery, in order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme that this application adopted is:

the embodiment of the application discloses a safety protection structure of a high-capacity battery, which comprises a battery unit and a multifunctional cavity connected with a pressure relief port of the battery unit through a hose; the multifunctional cavity can cool down and cool down the electrolyte sprayed out when the battery unit is out of control due to thermal runaway and toxic and harmful gas generated by thermal decomposition of the electrolyte, and can adsorb the gas and the electrolyte generated by the battery out of control due to thermal runaway. The hose is a metal corrugated pipe.

In the embodiment provided by the application, the battery unit comprises a battery pack formed by N single batteries, wherein N is more than or equal to 1; the N single batteries in the battery pack use a multifunctional chamber. The multifunctional cavity is provided with reserved holes, the number of the reserved holes is equal to the number of the single batteries in the battery pack, N is provided, and N is more than or equal to 1; the position of the reserved hole corresponds to the position of a pressure relief opening of a single battery in the battery pack.

In embodiments provided herein, the multi-functional chamber is cylindrical; the multifunctional cavity is sequentially provided with an isolation net layer, a lining material layer and a multifunctional material layer from outside to inside; the isolation net layer, the lining material layer and the multifunctional material layer form a cylinder shape. The multifunctional material layer is filled with multifunctional materials with cooling and adsorption functions. The multifunctional material is one or a combination of more of diatomite, alumina, silica, macroporous adsorption resin and silica gel for chromatography. The lining material layer is filled with one or more of glass fiber cotton, non-woven fabric, aluminum silicate cotton and asbestos. The isolation net layer is one of a dense mesh type iron wire net, a dense mesh type stainless steel net and a common steel wire net.

In the embodiment provided by the application, single external thread screwed joints are welded on the pressure relief port of the battery unit and the preformed hole of the multifunctional cavity; the pressure relief opening is fixed to the end, without the outer thread, of the single outer thread threaded connector in a welding mode, and the preformed hole is fixed to the end, without the outer thread, of the single outer thread threaded connector in a welding mode. The metal corrugated pipe is a metal corrugated pipe with internal threads at two ends; one end of the metal corrugated pipe is in threaded connection with the single external thread threaded joint on the reserved hole of the multifunctional cavity, and the other end of the metal corrugated pipe is in threaded connection with the single external thread threaded joint on the pressure relief port of the battery unit.

In the embodiments provided by the present application, an exhaust pipe is further disposed above the multifunctional chamber. And a gas one-way valve is arranged in the exhaust pipe.

This application adopts when all battery cell thermal runaway the harmful substance that produces and gaseous leading-in multi-functional cavity, has cooling and absorbent multiple efficiency to each battery monomer because produced poisonous and harmful gas of thermal runaway and the electrolyte that erupts, reduces or stops the influence to other battery monomer or battery module, is suitable for the safety protection of large capacity battery.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the application.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an external structure of a multifunctional chamber according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the multifunctional chamber according to the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a welding portion of a single battery according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 5 is a schematic mechanism diagram of a metal bellows according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, whereby one skilled in the art can, with reference to the description, make an implementation.

It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.

The technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the embodiment of the present application discloses a safety protection structure for a large-capacity battery, which includes a battery unit 7, a multifunctional chamber 3 connected to a pressure relief port 6 of the battery unit 7 through a hose 5; multifunctional cavity 3 both can cool down the poisonous and harmful gas that the thermal decomposition of spun electrolyte and electrolyte produced when battery unit thermal runaway produces, also can adsorb gas and electrolyte that battery thermal runaway produced. The hose 5 is a metal corrugated pipe.

The elevator battery is provided with a liquid injection hole 8.

In the embodiment provided by the application, the battery unit 7 comprises a battery pack formed by N single batteries, wherein N is more than or equal to 1; the N single batteries in the battery pack use a multifunctional chamber. The multifunctional cavity is provided with reserved holes, the number of the reserved holes is equal to the number of the single batteries in the battery pack, N is provided, and N is more than or equal to 1; the position of the reserved hole corresponds to the position of a pressure relief opening of a single battery in the battery pack.

In the embodiments provided herein, the multi-functional chamber 3 is cylindrical; the multifunctional cavity is sequentially provided with an isolation net layer 9, a lining material layer 10 and a multifunctional material layer 11 from outside to inside; the isolation net layer, the lining material layer and the multifunctional material layer form a cylinder shape.

The multifunctional material layer is filled with multifunctional materials with cooling and adsorption functions.

The multifunctional material 11 is one or a combination of more of diatomite, alumina, silica, macroporous adsorption resin and silica gel for chromatography.

In order to achieve a better adsorption effect, diatomite is selected as a main adsorption substance, the diatomite is naturally available, rich in resources and low in cost, the diatomite is low in density, porous and rough, and very good in heat absorption and insulation, the diatomite has a special porous structure, the porosity reaches 80% -95%, the number of pores of unit volume of the diatomite is 5000-6000 times that of active carbon, and harmful gases such as formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia and the like can be effectively adsorbed. The adsorption principle of the diatomite is that the diatomite has a unique 'molecular sieve' shaped pore layout, has strong filterability and adsorbability, has a function of eliminating peculiar smell, has a strong effect of eliminating or weakening the pungent smell of electrolyte steam, and has certain functions of purifying the electrolyte steam, adsorbing the electrolyte, filtering toxic gas and reducing or eliminating the possibility of fire and explosion.

The lining material layer 10 is filled with one or more of glass fiber cotton, non-woven fabric, aluminum silicate cotton and asbestos, preferably glass fiber cotton.

The isolation net layer 9 is one of a dense mesh type wire mesh, a dense mesh type stainless steel net and a common steel wire mesh, and is preferably a dense mesh type wire mesh.

In the embodiment provided by the application, a single external thread screwed joint 4 is welded on both the pressure relief opening of the battery unit 7 and the preformed hole of the multifunctional cavity; the pressure relief opening is fixed to the end, without the outer thread, of the single outer thread threaded connector in a welding mode, and the preformed hole is fixed to the end, without the outer thread, of the single outer thread threaded connector in a welding mode. The metal corrugated pipe is a metal corrugated pipe with internal threads at two ends; one end of the metal corrugated pipe is in threaded connection with the single external thread threaded joint on the reserved hole of the multifunctional cavity, and the other end of the metal corrugated pipe is in threaded connection with the single external thread threaded joint on the pressure relief port of the battery unit.

In the embodiments provided by the present application, an exhaust pipe 1 is further disposed above the multifunctional chamber. And a gas one-way valve 2 is arranged in the exhaust pipe.

The using process of the embodiment is as follows: when a certain or several battery monomers 7 in the battery module structure of large capacity battery take place thermal runaway and cause electrolyte to take place decomposition reaction and produce combustible mixture gas, the gaseous and electrolyte that erupts thereupon permeate the pressure release membrane through the blowout of pressure release mouth, through corrugated metal pipe's discharge line, get into multi-functional cavity, through the wire netting, the cotton preliminary absorption of glass fiber, after the multi-functional material that has cooling and adsorption function of packing in the multi-functional cavity of process reaches the multiple efficiency of cooling and absorption harmful substance, gaseous exhaust pipe that has gaseous check valve through multi-functional cavity both ends discharges to outdoor, make the atmospheric gas of discharging accord with the environmental protection requirement.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a safety protection structure of large capacity battery, including battery monomer 7, the earial drainage pipeline that comprises corrugated metal pipe 5, multi-functional cavity 3, the single outer silk screwed joint 4 of welding respectively on multi-functional cavity and battery monomer pressure release mouth, multi-functional cavity both ends have blast pipe 1 of gaseous check valve 2, multi-functional cavity reservation hole site is corresponding relation with battery monomer, multi-functional cavity reservation hole site and the single outer silk screwed joint 4 in the one end welded fastening that does not have the outer silk, battery monomer pressure release mouth 6 position and single outer silk screwed joint 4 do not have outer silk one end through welded fastening, the nut threaded connection that has the inner silk through corrugated metal pipe 5 both ends between battery monomer and the multi-functional cavity 3.

Because of overcharging when battery monomer or module, put excessively, when reasons such as short circuit caused thermal runaway, the inside gas pressure because electrolyte decomposes the production is too big, break through the pressure release membrane of pressure release 6 departments, gaseous or spun electrolyte passes through the earial drainage pipeline that corrugated metal pipe 5 constitutes, directly get into in the multi-functional cavity 3 that has cooling and adsorption function, through the wire netting of filling in the multi-functional cavity, glass fiber cotton contacts with the closely knit multi-functional adsorption material of inside packing again, through fully contacting with multi-functional adsorbent, reach the cooling and absorb electrolyte and gaseous effect, at last in the exhaust pipe 1 exhaust atmosphere that has gaseous check valve 2 through multi-functional cavity both ends.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a safety protection structure of large capacity battery, including battery monomer 7, the bleeder line 5 that comprises corrugated metal pipe, multi-functional cavity 3, weld single outer silk screwed joint 4 on multi-functional cavity and battery monomer pressure release mouth respectively, multi-functional cavity both ends have blast pipe 1 of gaseous check valve 2, multi-functional cavity reservation hole site is corresponding with battery monomer, multi-functional cavity reservation hole site and the one end welded fastening that does not have the outer silk in single outer silk screwed joint 4, battery monomer pressure release mouth 6 position and single outer silk screwed joint 4 do not have outer silk one end through welded fastening, have the nut threaded connection of inner silk through corrugated metal pipe 5 both ends between battery monomer and the multi-functional cavity 3.

Multifunctional cavity 3 can be used jointly by a plurality of adjacent battery cells, through more reservation hole sites that leave in multifunctional cavity 3 promptly, corresponds with each battery cell in the group battery, through welding single outer silk screwed joint 4 and corrugated metal pipe 5 with weld single outer silk screwed joint 4 in battery cell pressure relief mouth 6 department through threaded connection to form the multi-functional cavity of sharing.

When any battery monomer in the group battery takes place thermal runaway because of various reasons, the gas pressure that the battery inside produced because electrolyte decomposes is too big, when breaking the pressure release membrane of pressure release mouth 6 department, gaseous or spun electrolyte passes through the earial drainage pipeline that corrugated metal pipe 5 constitutes, directly get into in the multi-functional cavity 3 that has cooling and adsorption function, through the wire netting of filling in the multi-functional cavity, glass fiber cotton contacts with the closely knit multi-functional adsorbent of inside packing again, through fully contacting with multi-functional adsorbent, reach the effect of cooling and absorption electrolyte and gas, in the exhaust pipe 1 exhaust atmosphere that has gaseous check valve 2 through multi-functional cavity both ends at last.

Although the embodiments of the present application have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the application is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A safety protection structure of a high-capacity battery is characterized by comprising a battery unit and a multifunctional cavity connected with a pressure relief opening of the battery unit through a hose;

the multifunctional cavity can cool down and cool down the electrolyte sprayed out when the battery unit is out of control due to thermal runaway and toxic and harmful gas generated by thermal decomposition of the electrolyte, and can adsorb the gas and the electrolyte generated by the battery out of control due to thermal runaway.

2. A safety protection structure of a large-capacity battery as set forth in claim 1, wherein said flexible tube is a metal bellows tube.

3. A safety protection structure of a large capacity battery as defined in claim 2, wherein said battery unit includes a battery pack formed of N unit cells, N ≧ 1;

the N single batteries in the battery pack use a multifunctional chamber.

4. The safety protection structure of a large-capacity battery as claimed in claim 3, wherein the multifunctional chamber is provided with a number of preformed holes, the number of the preformed holes is N, the number of the preformed holes is equal to the number of the single batteries in the battery pack, and N is greater than or equal to 1;

the position of the reserved hole corresponds to the position of a pressure relief opening of a single battery in the battery pack.

5. A safety protection structure of a large capacity battery as set forth in claim 1, wherein said multifunctional chamber is cylindrical;

the multifunctional cavity is sequentially provided with an isolation net layer, a lining material layer and a multifunctional material layer from outside to inside;

the isolation net layer, the lining material layer and the multifunctional material layer form a cylinder shape.

6. A safety protection structure of a large capacity battery as claimed in claim 5, wherein said multifunctional material layer is filled with a multifunctional material having both cooling and adsorbing functions.

7. A safety protection structure for a large capacity battery as claimed in claim 6, wherein said multifunctional material is one of diatomaceous earth, alumina, silica, macroporous adsorbent resin, silica gel for chromatography.

8. A safety protection structure of a large capacity battery as claimed in claim 5, wherein said lining material layer is filled with one of glass fiber cotton, non-woven fabric, aluminum silicate cotton, asbestos.

9. A safety protection structure of a large capacity battery as claimed in claim 5, wherein said barrier net layer is one of a fine mesh type wire net, a fine mesh type stainless steel net, and a general steel wire net.

10. The safety protection structure of a large-capacity battery as claimed in claim 4, wherein the pressure relief port of the battery unit and the preformed hole of the multifunctional chamber are welded with single external thread screw joints;

the pressure relief opening is fixed to the end, without the outer thread, of the single outer thread threaded connector in a welding mode, and the preformed hole is fixed to the end, without the outer thread, of the single outer thread threaded connector in a welding mode.

11. A safety protection structure of a large capacity battery as claimed in claim 10, wherein said metal bellows is a metal bellows having internal threads at both ends;

one end of the metal corrugated pipe is in threaded connection with the single external thread threaded joint on the reserved hole of the multifunctional cavity, and the other end of the metal corrugated pipe is in threaded connection with the single external thread threaded joint on the pressure relief port of the battery unit.

12. A safety protection structure of a large-capacity battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein an exhaust pipe is further provided above said multifunctional chamber.

13. A safety protection structure of a large-capacity battery as claimed in claim 12, wherein a gas check valve is provided in said exhaust pipe.